Inhibitory effects of ketamine and L--NAME on expression of c-fos and NOS in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus after acute hypothermia and hypoxia in rats

Thehypothalamusisaverycomplexbrainregionencompassingnucleiwithdifferentrolesinregulationofendocrine,autonomicandbehavioralactivities.Hypothermiaandhypoxiaisacomplicatedsystematichypoxicenvironment.AcutemoderatehypoxiacaninducestrongneurosecretoryreactioninthehypothalamusincludingCRFmRNAexpressionintheparaventricularnucleus(PVN)andincreaseofthelevelofACTHandcortisolinplasma['j.Ithasbeenreportedthathypoxiacaninducethereleaseoflargeamountofaminoacids,especiallyglutamateandasparate,inthebrain…     

天麻素对偏头痛患者外周血CGRP、NO和ET-1表达的影响

目的?观察天麻素治疗偏头痛患者的临床疗效及血清中降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP）、一氧化氮（NO）及内皮素-1(ET-1)表达水平的影响。方法?80例偏头痛患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各40例,对照组在抗感染、降压、改善睡眠等常规治疗的基础上加用氟桂利嗪每晚10mg口服,治疗组则在常规治疗的基础上加用天麻素注射液600mg加入0.9%氯化钠溶液250mL静脉滴注。采集治疗前、治疗第10天及35例健康体检者的外周静脉血:①观察2组患者治疗前后VAS评分变化及其治疗有效率;②采用ELISA法检测并比较患者血清中的CGRP、NO及ET-1含量变化。结果?①2组治疗后VAS评分均较治疗前降低,治疗组VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05),治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);②治疗前,对照组与治疗组间CGRP、NO及ET-1的表达无明显差异（P＞0.05）,与健康体检者比较,则明显增高（P<0.01）;③治疗第10天,治疗组与对照组CGRP、NO及ET-1的表达较治疗前均下降（P<0.01）,而治疗组较对照组下降明显（P<0.05）。结论?天麻素能明显改善偏头痛患者临床症状,同时降低患者血清CGRP、NO及ET-1表达水平,这可能是天麻素缓解偏头痛症状的可能机制之一。      

The value of endografts in the surgical management of arterial lesions secondary to Behçet disease

Background

This study summarizes our experience in the surgical management of arterial lesions secondary to Behçet disease (BD) and assesses the value of endografts.

Framework for assessing causality of air pollution-related health effects for reviews of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards

To inform regulatory decisions on the risk due to exposure to ambient air pollution, consistent and transparent communication of the scientific evidence is essential. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) develops the Integrated Science Assessment (ISA), which contains evaluations of the policy-relevant science on the effects of criteria air pollutants and conveys critical science judgments to inform decisions on the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. This article discusses the approach and causal framework used in the ISAs to evaluate and integrate various lines of scientific evidence and draw conclusions about the causal nature of air pollution-induced health effects. The framework has been applied to diverse pollutants and cancer and noncancer effects. To demonstrate its flexibility, we provide examples of causality judgments on relationships between health effects and pollutant exposures, drawing from recent ISAs for ozone, lead, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen. U.S. EPA's causal framework has increased transparency by establishing a structured process for evaluating and integrating various lines of evidence and uniform approach for determining causality. The framework brings consistency and specificity to the conclusions in the ISA, and the flexibility of the framework makes it relevant for evaluations of evidence across media and health effects.     

Ruticarpsides A–C,three new ester glycosides from the fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum

In the course of our ongoing phytochemical investigation on the n-butanol extract of the fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum (Rutaceae), three new compounds, ruticarpsides A–C (1–3), were obtained and their structures were elucidated by a comprehensive analysis of NMR and MS data. Compound 3 showed a weak inhibition effect on nitric oxide production in BV-2 microglial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.     

右归丸治疗功能性便秘大鼠胃肠动力学和神经递质、水通道蛋白3的影响

目的:观察右归丸对功能性便秘大鼠胃肠动力的影响,同时探讨其肠神经递质5-羟色胺(5-HT)、一氧化氮(NO)、肠内P物质(SP)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)以及结肠组织水通道蛋白3(AQP3)浓度的变化。方法:选取60只功能性便秘模型大鼠并将其随机分为空白组、模型组以及干预组,每组20只。其中模型组及干预组大鼠接受复方地芬诺酯混悬液灌胃制备功能性便秘模型,随后对干预组大鼠进行右归丸悬浊液灌胃,共给药20 d。用活性炭进行灌胃计算各组胃排空率、小肠推进率;酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)检测各组大鼠外周血肠神经递质SP、NO、5-HT、VIP水平变化;免疫蛋白质印迹(Western blotting)法观察各组结肠组织AQP3表达变化。结果:模型组及干预组大鼠造模开始后逐渐出现精神萎靡、喜卧、食欲减退、粪便量少、便质干硬等症状,甚至部分大鼠出现小便减少。经过干预后大鼠上述症状逐渐改善,甚至出现部分大鼠症状消失。模型组及干预组大鼠的胃排空率及小肠推进率明显减弱,与空白组比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),其中干预组大鼠的胃排空率及小肠推进率明显较模型组快,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。模型组及干预组大鼠血清SP、VIP水平降低,NO及5-HT升高,与空白组比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),其中干预组优于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。4)模型组及干预组大鼠结肠组织AQP3表达明显升高,与空白组比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),其中干预组大鼠较模型组水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论:功能性便秘的发生可能与肠神经递质及水通道蛋白的异常有关,右归丸治疗功能性便秘可能通过调节SP、NO、5-HT、VIP及AQP3水平实现。     

萆薢渗湿汤联合哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠治疗下肢丹毒的疗效及对血清细胞因子的影响

目的:探讨萆薢渗湿汤联合哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠治疗下肢丹毒的疗效,检测其对血清指标的影响及治疗安全性。方法:选取2016年5月至2018年10月黑龙江中医药大学附属第二医院收治的下肢丹毒患者82例作为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组41例。对照组接受哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠治疗,观察组在哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠治疗基础上加入萆薢渗湿汤进行联合治疗,持续治疗2周。比较2组患者的治疗效果、症状体征积分值、血清学指标[一氧化氮(NO)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)]及药物不良反应发生率的差异。结果:治疗后,观察组患者的治疗有效率高于对照组患者;肤色、肿胀程度、肤温、自觉疼痛等症状体征积分值低于对照组患者;血清NO、IL-1β、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量低于对照组患者(P 0. 05)。治疗期间,2组患者皮疹瘙痒、恶心呕吐、便秘腹泻等不良反应发生率的差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论:萆薢渗湿汤治疗下肢丹毒的效果卓著,且具有良好的用药安全性。     

活性焦表面改性及其常温催化氧化NO的性能研究

使用不同的氧化剂和不同的热处理温度对活性焦（AC）进行改性,采用低温N₂吸附法、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、氨气-程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）和非水酸碱滴定法对样品的孔结构和表面化学性质进了表征,并考察了样品在不同湿度下的NO常温催化氧化活性。结果表明,氧化改性减小了样品的微孔孔容,降低了样品的表面碱性基团含量和NO转化率。热处理改性则增加了样品的微孔孔容,提高了样品的表面碱性基团含量和不同湿度下的NO催化氧化活性。在相对湿度为0~80%范围内,氧化-热处理组合改性样品的NO转化率均高于活性焦直接热处理样品,且提高热处理温度,有利于增强样品在湿气（相对湿度为80%）条件下的NO催化氧化活性。     

NO/ET-1比值及Hcy水平与OSAHS患者认知功能障碍的相关性分析*

目的 探讨血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）和一氧化氮NO与内皮素-1（ET-1）比值对阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者认知功能障碍的诊断效能,为干预OSAHS患者并发认知功能障碍提供新的临床依据。方法 选取OSAHS患者86例（OSAHS组）及健康体检者50例（对照组）。OSAHS组患者又分为认知障碍组和认识正常组。比较两组血清Hcy及NO/ET-1水平,应用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评估OSAHS组轻度认知功能障碍发生情况,分析OSAHS组患者血清Hcy、NO/ET-1水平与认知功能的相关性。结果 OSAHS伴认知障碍患者血清Hcy水平高于认知正常组,NO/ET-1水平低于认知正常组（P?<0.05）。OSAHS认知障碍组呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、睡眠时间高于认知正常组,最低动脉血氧饱和度（LSaO2）低于认知正常组（P?<0.05）。MoCA评分与AHI、睡眠时间呈负相关,与LSaO2呈正相关。血清Hcy水平与MoCA总分及其亚项得分均呈负相关（P?<0.05）,NO/ET-1与MoCA总分及其亚项评分均呈正相关（P?<0.05）,Hcy与NO/ET-1呈负相关（P?<0.05）。血清Hcy及NO/ET-1水平预测OSAHS患者认知功能障碍的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.708（95% CI：0.599,0.816）、0.739（95%CI：0.618,0.859）。结论 血清Hcy、NO/ET-1是OSAHS患者认知功能障碍形成的影响因素,Hcy水平与认知损害程度呈负相关,NO/ET-1与认知损害程度呈正相关。