调神方对类AD大鼠胆碱能系统和NO含量的影响

目的 :观察调神方对类 AD大鼠胆碱能系统和 NO含量的影响。方法 :在 D-半乳糖皮下注射导致大鼠亚急性中毒而致早衰的基础上 ,再用兴奋性氨基酸受体激动剂喹啉酸 (QA)海马内注射 ,造成类 AD大鼠模型 ,采用 Y-电迷宫、放射免疫法和硝酸还原酶法分别检测大鼠的学习记忆、胆碱能系统和 NO。结果 :调神方能明显提高模型大鼠 Y-电迷宫正确次数 ,明显上调 Ch AT活性、 M-受体 Rt值和降低 NO含量。结论 :调神方可改善类 AD大鼠的学习记忆能力     

氢氯噻嗪联合缬沙坦治疗老年高血压的临床研究

目的：探讨氢氯噻嗪联合缬沙坦治疗老年高血压的临床疗效。方法2011年7月-2014年6月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院收治的老年原发性高血压患者96例,随机分为对照组（48例）和治疗组（48例）,对照组口服缬沙坦胶囊80 mg/d。治疗组口服氢氯噻嗪片12.5 mg/d,其他同对照组。两组均持续治疗2个月。治疗后,评价两组的临床疗效,同时比较两组治疗前后收缩压（SBP）、收缩压变异度（SBPV）、舒张压（DBP）、舒张压变异度（DBPV）、血压晨峰（MBPS）的控制率、一氧化氮、内皮素的变化。结果治疗组和对照组的总有效率分别为97.92%、83.33%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗后,两组患者平均SBP、SBPV、DBP、DBPV、内皮素均较治疗前显著降低,一氧化氮水平显著升高,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,且治疗后治疗组这些观察指标的改善程度优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗组MBPS控制率为93.75%,对照组为81.25%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论氢氯噻嗪联合缬沙坦治疗老年高血压具有较好的临床疗效,可显著降低患者血压和血压昼夜变异度,可能与调节内皮一氧化氮和内皮素水平有关。     

胡黄连苷Ⅱ在大鼠脑缺血损伤中的抗氧化作用及其最佳治疗剂量和时间窗

目的通过正交试验优化胡黄连苷Ⅱ治疗大鼠脑缺血损伤的最佳剂量和时间窗。方法应用双侧颈总动脉结扎法建立大鼠前脑缺血模型,按照正交试验设计分组,经腹腔注射胡黄连苷Ⅱ干预治疗。应用硫代巴比妥酸法、硝酸还原酶法和光化学法,分别测定血清和脑组织中脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)和过氧化氢(H2O2)的含量。结果胡黄连苷Ⅱ治疗脑缺血损伤的最佳效果,根据血清MDA、NO和H2O2含量分析,分别为脑缺血1.5 h腹腔注射10、20、10 mg/kg体质量。根据脑组织MDA、NO和H2O2含量分析,分别为脑缺血1.5 h腹腔注射10、20、20 mg/kg体质量。结论从用药剂量最小化和治疗时间窗最大化的角度综合评价,胡黄连苷Ⅱ治疗脑缺血损伤的治疗时间窗和剂量最佳组合为脑缺血1.5 h腹腔注射10～20 mg/kg体质量。     

黄连解毒汤对幼龄自发性高血压大鼠内皮功能影响研究

目的:研究黄连解毒汤对幼龄自发性高血压大鼠内皮功能的影响,探讨黄连解毒汤预防高血压的机制。方法:雄性6周幼龄自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)16只随机分为黄连解毒汤组、模型组2组,治疗6周,分别检测治疗前后的血压变化,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定血管性假血友病因子(vWF)和ET-1浓度变化,硝酸还原法测定血浆NO的含量,黄嘌呤及黄嘌呤氧化酶反应系统检测SOD,硫代巴比妥酸比色法检测MDA,与预设同龄WKY大鼠8只做空白对照比较。结果:幼龄SHR血浆中vWF、MDA升高,NO、SOD降低,黄连解毒汤治疗后可以降低SHR血压,降低血浆vWF、MDA,升高NO、SOD。结论:SHR在高血压前期已存在内皮功能不全,黄连解毒汤早期应用可改善SHR血管内皮功能。     

Evidence of anti-inflammatory effects of Passiflora edulis in an inflammation model

The popular medicine Passiflora edulis has been used as a sedative, tranquilizer, against cutaneous inflammatory diseases and intermittent fever. Most of the pharmacological investigations of Passiflora edulis have been addressed to its Central Nervous System activities, such as anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and sedative actions. Otherwise, there are few reports about the anti-inflammatory activity of the Passiflora species. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous lyophilized extract obtained from leaves of Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa Degener (Passifloraceae) in the mouse model of pleurisy induced by carrageenan (Cg), bradykinin, histamine or substance P, observing the effects upon leucocytes migration, myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO) concentrations and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) levels. RESULTS: Passiflora edulis (250mg/kg) administered by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) inhibited the leukocyte, neutrophils, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, TNFalpha and IL-1beta levels (P<0.01) in the pleurisy induced by carrageenan. Passiflora edulis (250-500mg/kg, i.p.) also inhibited total and differential leukocytes in the pleurisy induced by bradykinin, histamine or substance P (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Several mechanisms, including the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-1beta), enzyme (myeloperoxidase) and mediators (bradykinin, histamine, substance P, nitric oxide) release and/or action, appear to account for Passiflora edulis's actions.     

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Campomanesia adamantium

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Campomanesia species are used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, anti-diarrheal and hypocholesterolemic.

Aim of the study

The present study investigated the in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of ethyl acetate (AE) and aqueous (Aq) extracts from leaves of Campomanesia adamantium and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of AE and its isolated flavonols, myricitrin and myricetin.

Materials and methods

The antinociceptive activity of AE and Aq was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin methods. The in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of AE and Aq was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice. AE, myricitrin and myricetin were evaluated for their abilities to modulate the production of NO, TNF-α and IL-10 in LPS/IFN-γ stimulated J774.A1 macrophages.

Results

It was found that orally administrated AE and Aq (125 and 250 mg/kg) inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice. AE (125 and 250 mg/kg) and Aq (125 mg/kg) reduced the time to licking at the second phase of the formalin method in vivo in mice. AE (250 mg/kg) and Aq (125 mg/kg) also reduced the number of writhes. AE, myricitrin and myricetin inhibited NO (320 μg/mL and 6.25–100 μM, respectively) and TNF-α production by macrophages (320 μg/mL for AE, 100 μM for myricitrin and 25–100 μM for myricetin). AE (160 and 320 μg/mL), myricitrin (50 and 100 μM) and myricetin (25–100 μM) increased IL-10 production by macrophages.

Conclusions

The ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts from Campomanesia adamantium showed antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects supporting the use of the plant in folk medicine. The results suggest that anti-oedematogenic effect promoted by aqueous extract involves several anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action. The antinociceptive effect shown by aqueous extract can be due to the modulation of release of inflammatory mediators involved in nociception. The anti-inflammatory effects of AE and of its isolated flavonols may be attributed to inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines production, TNF-α and NO and to the increased of IL-10 production.     

肺络瘀阻与COPD合并肺动脉高压的相关性研究

目的：通过观察COPD合并肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管病理变化及血管内皮功能的变化,探讨肺络病变与COPD合并肺动脉高压的相关性。方法：采用一次性腹腔注射MCT（60mg/kg）复制COPD合并肺动脉高压大鼠模型,常规饲养28天后处死并收集大鼠血清及肺组织标本。应用HE染色及免疫组织化学技术观察肺小动脉病理形态学变化及VEGF在肺小动脉血管壁的表达;采用放射免疫及硝酸还原酶法分别测定肺组织匀浆中ET-1、NO含量;采用ELISA法测定血清中VEGF水平。结果：模型组大鼠在细支气管周围或其它部位的小动脉可见管腔变小、狭窄,甚至不完全闭锁,血管中膜变厚且平滑肌细胞增生肥厚明显,肺血管损伤明显,内皮细胞变性肿胀增生,突向血管腔内,甚至坏死脱落,免疫组化显示模型组VEGF表达明显高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）;与正常组相比较模型组大鼠肺组织匀浆中NO表达明显减少（P〈0.01）,ET-1水平明显升高（P〈0.05）;模型组血清中VEGF表达明显高于正常组（P〈0.01）。结论：一次性腹腔内注射MCT即可引起肺血管内皮细胞损伤、促使大鼠肺小血管结构重建,从而诱导肺动脉高压形成,与COPD渐进为肺动脉高压的病理特点相符合;COPD合并肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管舒缩功能异常与久病入络,导致肺络中气滞、血瘀、津凝或脉络损伤密切相关。     

重组人Elafin对肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨重组人Elafin在大鼠肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤中的保护作用。方法将50只大鼠随机均分为5组,即正常对照组、肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤模型组以及Elafin低、中、高剂量组。对Elafin低、中、高剂量组给予不同浓度的重组人Elafin进行治疗,然后取血液及肝脏标本,检测血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平,测定肝组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)和一氧化氮(NO)含量,并观察肝脏的病理组织学改变。结果缺血-再灌注后大鼠肝组织损害较重,血清ALT和AST以及LDH水平明显升高(P<0.001),肝组织中MPO和NO含量明显升高(P<0.001);若手术前给予大鼠一定浓度的重组人Elafin,可使ALT,AST,LDH,MPO及NO水平明显降低(P<0.05)。结论重组人Elafin对肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤有一定的保护作用。     

非甾体抗炎药ML4000的合成及生物活性研究

目的:合成非甾体抗炎药ML4000并研究其生物活性。方法:ML4000以环氧合酶(COX)和5-脂氧合酶(5-LOX)双重抑制剂利克飞龙(licofelone,ML3000)为先导化合物,结构上链接了1个一氧化氮(NO)供体;通过灌胃给药,观察ML4000在动物体内的初步代谢、抗炎活性、胃肠道作用以及血清和胃黏膜NO水平。结果:ML4000经IR,MS,1H NMR,13C NMR以及元素分析等确证结构;大鼠灌胃ML4000(10 mg.kg-1)0.25 h后,即可测到ML4000代谢为ML3000;ML4000抗炎活性与ML3000相当;连续14 d灌胃(60mg.kg-1,qd),未见大鼠胃肠道出血;灌胃给药(60 mg.kg-1)1 h后大鼠血清和胃黏膜NO量显著增加。结论:合成的ML4000具有较强的抗炎作用,胃肠道耐受性好,并能够释放出NO。