大鼠心脏穿刺采血方法的改进

目的:介绍一种大鼠活体重复采血方法。方法:大鼠腹腔麻醉后,仰卧位沿剑突下斜行向上刺入2.5~3.0cm入心,抽血。60只大鼠,每间隔10天采血2.0ml,共4次。测定其Hb、RBC、WBC、Hct、ALT、AST、TP、BUN等指标,同时心脏切片行病理学检查。结果:采用本法进行大鼠心脏取血,成功率97.8%。各次标本的实验室指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。20只大鼠第4次采血后剖胸,未见胸腔脏器出血、粘连、血肿等并发症。心脏切片未见心肌组织学损伤。结论:该技术操作简便,定位准确,可重复采血,动物存活率高。尤其用于自身对照,可减少动物用量,提高实验准确性。     

Standardisation of 31phosphorus-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy determinations of high energy phosphates in humans

A procedure is described for standardising the determination of adenosine 5-triphosphate and phosphocreatine concentration ([ATP] and [PC], respectively, in absolute arbitrary units) in human muscle by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The individual ³¹phosphorus (²¹P)-NMR spectra obtained on equal hemispherical tissue volumes (muscle plus skin and fat) were corrected for the thickness of the skin and of the subcutaneous fat. The volumes investigated were standardised using an external reference. The procedure described made possible the comparison of high energy phosphate concentrations among different subjects. It was applied to the assessment of [ATP] and [PC] in four groups of sedentary subjects (children, and adults aged 20–35, 35–50 and over 50 years), and in a group of athletes (volleyball players). The [ATP] and [PC] were not statistically different in the groups investigated.     

464名师专生的自我厌烦感及其应对方式

目的探讨师专生自我厌烦的内容指向、体验状态和应对方式。方法开放式调查和内容分析法。结果自我厌烦内容指向出现频次由高到低为:性格、学业、身体、交往、能力、家庭、经济、就业;体验状态频次排序为:消极心境、自我否定感、自我激励感、自我逃避感;应对方式频次排序为:逃避、问题解决、合理化、求助、忍耐、发泄。结论1师专生中性格自我厌烦最多,且女生多于男生;就业厌烦随年级升高而增多。2自我厌烦感的体验状态以消极心境和自我否定感出现较多,并随年级升高而增多;在应对方式上,采用逃避策略最多。     

Eccentric and concentric torque-velocity characteristics of the quadriceps femoris in man

Summary The primary purpose of this investigation was to study the eccentric and concentric torque-velocity characteristics of the quadriceps femoris in man using a recently developed combined isometric, concentric and eccentric controlled velocity dynamometer (the SPARK System). A secondary purpose was to compare the method error associated with maximal voluntary concentric and eccentric torque output over a range of testing velocities. 21 males (21–32 years) performed on two separate days maximal voluntary isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions of the quadriceps femoris at 4 isokinetic lever arm velocities of 0° · s^–1 (isometric), 30° · s^–1 120° · s^–1 and 270° · s^–1. Eccentric peak torque and angle-specific torques (measured every 10° from 30° to 70°) did not significantly change from 0° · s^–1 to 270° · s^–1 (p>0.05) (with the exception of angle-specific 40° torque, which significantly increased;p<0.05). The mean method error was significantly higher for the eccentric tests (10.6%±1.6%) than for the concentric tests (8.1%±1.7%) (p<0.05). The mean method error decreased slightly with increasing concentric velocity (p>0.05), and increased slightly with increasing eccentric velocity (p>0.05). A tension restricting neural mechanism, if active during maximal eccentric contractions, could possibly account for the large difference seen between the present eccentric torque-velocity results and the classic results obtained from isolated animal muscle.     

A simple method for measurement of inulin in nanoliter samples using glass capillaries

Summary A simple method using glass capillaries instead of microcuvettes for measurement of inulin in nanoliter samples is given. Inulin was determined with anthron reagent (5 or 10 nl samples +3 l anthron reagent). Glass capillary tubes (o.d.=1 mm, i.d.=0.68 mm, length=150 mm) in which the chemical reaction took place during incubation at 56°C were directly introduced into the optical system of a Zeiss spectrophotometer PMQ II with sphere attachment and objective.Extinction was measured vertically to the axis of the capillary. The changes of extinction of 20 different capillaries with the blank at different positions was only 1.13×10^–3. The exactness of measurement in the concentration range of 100 200 400 750 1500 3000 mg-% inulin was for 5nl/3 l: 19.8 11.0 6.7 4.7 3.0 2.2%. 10nl/3 l: 13.0 8.4 5.1 3.9%.This method of measurement may also be applicable for other colorimetric reactions with nanoliter samples.This work was supported by Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung.     

Moving Mesh Method for Reconstructing Some Spread Sources in the Brain

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new algorithm for the analysis of biomagnetic field data obtained from magnetoencephalography (MEG) measurements. This new method overcomes two major problems faced by the current method of data analysis. The first problem is the need to determine the number of sites of brain activity before calculations can be performed. The second problem is inability of the analysis to provide any information regarding the volume of the brain activity. The new data analysis method, called the Moving Mesh Method (MMM), is capable of analyzing MEG data without the need to determine the number of sources beforehand. In addition, the MMM determines the location of brain activity as a three dimensional volume, instead of as a point source of activity. The MMM uses an iterative method of calculating the position of the sources to achieve greater accuracy, and a regularized g-inverse matrix to stabilize its solution. The feasibility of the MMM was examined by two methods. First, a computer simulation was used to confirm the MMM's capability to analyzing MEG data. In the second experiment, the MMM was applied to analyze somatosensory evoked fields obtained using a new imaging system (Shimadzu Biomagnetic Imaging System, Model-100). From the interpretation of the results, we have concluded that the MMM is a feasible method of biomagnetic data analysis.     

Accuracy of Quadratic Versus Linear Interpolation in Noninvasive Electrocardiographic Imaging (ECGI)

Electrocardiographic Imaging (ECGI) is a cardiac functional imaging modality, noninvasively reconstructing epicardial potentials, electrograms and isochrones (activation maps) from multi-channel body surface potential recordings. The procedure involves solving Laplace’s equation in the source-free volume conductor between torso and epicardial surfaces, using Boundary Element Method (BEM). Previously, linear interpolation (LI) on three-noded triangular surface elements was used in the BEM formulation. Here, we use quadratic interpolation (QI) for potentials over six-noded linear triangles. The performance of LI and QI in ECGI is evaluated through direct comparison with measured data from an isolated canine heart suspended in a human-torso-shaped electrolyte tank. QI enhances the accuracy and resolution of ECGI reconstructions for two different inverse methods, Tikhonov regularization and Generalized Minimal Residual (GMRes) method, with the QI-GMRes combination providing the highest accuracy and resolution. QI reduces the average relative error (RE) between reconstructed and measured epicardial potentials by 25%. It preserves the amplitude (average RE reduced by 48%) and morphology of electrograms better (average correlation coefficient for QI ∼ 0.97, LI ∼ 0.92). We also applied QI to ECGI reconstructions in human subjects during cardiac pacing, where QI locates ventricular pacing sites with higher accuracy (≤ 10 mm) than LI (≤ 18 mm).     

北京市13家中医综合医院住院医疗服务评价研究

目的建立中医综合医院住院医疗服务评价指标体系,对之进行评价,以明确优势与短板并针对性改进。方法通过文献分析法确定评价指标体系,运用层次分析法对指标权重进行赋值,利用改良TOPSIS法对北京市13家中医综合医院进行排名。结果综合排名前3的分别是E、B、D 三家中医综合医院。服务能力最强的为M医院,服务效率、医疗安全和数据质量最好的均为D医院,运营效益最优的为F医院,中医特色最强的为E医院。结论建立的指标体系能够对中医综合医院住院医疗服务进行客观评价,有利于医院持续改进,从而全面提高服务能力。     

呼吸内科护理质量控制指标构建与应用

目的构建呼吸内科护理质量控制指标,为呼吸内科护理质量评价提供依据。 方法基于文献回顾、小组访谈建立初始指标,邀请来自北京、河南、上海、安徽、山东17家三甲医院的18名专家进行两轮函询筛选指标,经全国护理质量促进联盟专家审议确定最终指标。收集某三甲医院2022年1月-6月指标数据验证资料收集可操作性。结果确定了包含过程指标3项、结果指标2项的呼吸内科护理质量控制指标。两轮专家函询问卷有效回收率均为100％,权威系数分别为0.86、0.87,肯德尔协调系数（Kendall’s W）分别为0.238、0.336。某三甲医院5项呼吸内科护理质量控制指标的分子和分母数据均完整收集。结论构建的呼吸内科护理质量控制指标具有一定可靠性,体现了呼吸内科特点。     

双色谱柱双FID顶空气相色谱法测量乙醇 浓度的一致性评价

目的 研究双色谱柱双FID检测器顶空气相色谱法（双柱双检法）测量乙醇浓度的一致性,探讨不同一致性评价方法应用价值,为司法鉴定中涉嫌“醉驾”案件准确检测乙醇浓度提供理论依据。方法 配置浓度为80mg/100ml 乙醇溶液和4mg/100ml叔丁醇的混合样。使用自动进样器进样,然后用配备色谱柱和双FIDs的HS-GC分别分析样品。共进行了20次试验,分别计算FID-1和FID-2组的乙醇浓度。采用配对 t 检验、Pearson相关分析、组内相关系数、Bland- Altman 法、ATE/LER区域法等,对两组乙醇检测结果进行一致性评价。结果 FID-1组乙醇浓度为（79.57±1.65） mg/100ml,RSD为2.07%;FID-2组为（81.42±1.33） mg/100 ml,RSD为1.63%。配对 t 检验: t =-7.69（ P <0.001）;Pearson相关系数: r =0.757（ P <0.001）;组内相关系数: ICC =0.739（ P <0.001）;Bland-Altman 法显示,95%的点均落在一致性限内;ATE/LER区域法显示,100%点落在ATE区域,无点落在LER区域。结论 推荐联合使用Bland- Altman图分析法、ATE/LER区域法和组内相关系数作为双柱双检法检测样本中乙醇浓度的一致性评价方法。 双柱双检法测量乙醇浓度的一致性良好。但还应结合测量不确定度等方面对FID-1、FID-2的结果进一步研究。