ICU内严重创伤患者死亡和自动出院趋势分析

目的 分析ICU内严重创伤患者死亡和自动出院的变化趋势,进一步提高严重创伤的救治效果. 方法 回顾性分析2003-2011年急诊ICU内死亡及自动出院严重创伤患者的临床资料.根据自动出院的状况分为濒死出院(病死人群)、病情恶化出院及好转出院,分析每年转归发生率的变化趋势,同时比较2003-2005年、2006-2008年和2009-2011年三个阶段的上述情况及总病死组、恶化出院组及总病死+恶化出院组的特征变化. 结果 (1)9年共有3 343例严重创伤患者收住急诊ICU,其中死亡231例(6.91％),包括院内死亡135例(4.04％)和濒死出院96例(2.87％);自动出院221例(6.61％),包括病情恶化出院175例(5.23％),好转出院46例(1.38％).最终452例纳入分析.(2)9年间院内病死率、濒死出院率及总病死率均呈下降趋势,恶化出院率呈上升趋势(x2=15.305,P＞0.05),但总病死+恶化出院率变化差异无统计学意义.(3)2003-2005年、2006-2008年和2009-2011年三个阶段分别收治687例、1 143例和1 513例,其中总病死组、恶化出院组、总病死+恶化出院组的年龄、急性生理与慢性健康评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)升高,GCS下降.总病死率从11.06％降至4.63％(x2=31.174,P＜0.01),恶化出院率从2.77％升至6.35％(x2=12.203,P＜0.01),总病死+恶化出院率由13.83％下降至10.97％(x2=4.09,P＞0.05). 结论 2003-2011年医院急诊ICU的严重创伤救治水平呈提高趋势,恶化出院的比例增加且伴有年龄增大现象.自动出院对创伤救治效果的评价有较大影响,需引起重视.     

Ionizing Radiation Induces HMGB1 Cytoplasmic Translocation and Extracellular Release

Objective A nucleosomal protein,HMGBI,can be secreted by activated immune cells or passively released by dying cells,thereby amplifying rigorous inflammatory responses.In this study we aimed to test the possibility that radiation similarly induces cytoplasmic HMGB1 translocation and release.Methods Human skin fibroblast (GM0639) and bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells and rats were exposed to X-ray radiation,and HMGB1 translocation and release were then assessed by immunocytochemistry and immunoassay,respectively.Results At a wide dose range(4.0-12.0 Gy),X-ray radiation induced a dramatic cytoplasmic HMGB1 translocation,and triggered a time-and dose-dependent HMGB1 release both in vitro and in vivo.The radiation-mediated HMGB1 release was also associated with noticeable chromosomal DNA damage and loss of cell viability.Conclusions Radiation induces HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation and extracellular release through active secretion and passive leakage processes.     

Pattern recognition using transabdominal ultrasound to diagnose ovarian mature cystic teratoma

Objective

To determine the validity of sonographic pattern recognition in the diagnosis of mature cystic teratoma.

Methods

Consecutive patients scheduled for elective surgery for adnexal masses were included in the study. All patients underwent transabdominal ultrasound with color extended-flow mapping within 24 hours prior to surgery. Examinations were performed by the same sonographer to identify benign cystic teratoma. The final diagnoses were based on histopathologic findings.

Results

A total of 329 consecutive patients were recruited; 23 were excluded because the masses were not adnexal masses. Of the remaining 306 patients, 36 masses were found to be mature cystic teratomas and 270 were nonteratomas. Sonographic pattern recognition showed a sensitivity of 94.4% and a specificity of 98.2%.

Conclusion

Sonographic pattern recognition using transabdominal ultrasound with color extended-flow mapping can accurately diagnose mature cystic teratoma.     

Hyperglycemia in COVID-19 infection without diabetes mellitus: Association with inflammatory markers

BACKGROUND New onset hyperglycemia is common in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) infection. Cytokine storm due to COVID-19 infection is an essential etiology for new-onset hyperglycemia, but factors like direct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)-induced pancreatic β-cell failure have also been postulated to play a role.AIM We plan to investigate further the mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infectioninduced hyperglycemia, particularly the rationale ...     

EGF对大鼠背部随意皮瓣存活的影响

目的探讨皮下局部注射表皮生长因子(EGF)对SD大鼠背部随意皮瓣存活的影响。方法将16只SD大鼠背部制成2cm×8cm随意皮瓣,随机分为EGF治疗组和对照组,分别进行皮瓣存活率、微血管密度(MVD)的检测。结果EGF组皮瓣第5天、第10天时存活率均高于对照组;EGF组皮瓣内见较多新生血管,高倍镜视野下单位MVD超过对照组(P<0.01)。结论EGF一次性皮瓣内用药能促进大鼠背部超长皮瓣的存活比例,其机制可能与促进皮瓣血管新生有关。     

血浆脑钠素水平对心血管病患者远期病死率的预测作用

目的 本研究主要探讨血浆BNP水平对心血管患者远期病死率及预后的影响.方法 对笔者医院2003年5月~2005年2月期间住院的患者,共276例,失访2例,随访7年,根据BNP水平分为BNP<100ng/L、101~1000ng/L、1001~5000ng/L、>5000ng/L 4组,比较各组间病死率,绘制生存曲线.结果 随访期间,91例患者死亡,其中心源性死亡50例,非心源性死亡41例.4组比较,各组间病死率比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),随BNP浓度的增加,病死率逐渐升高.在多因素比较中,BNP、年龄和EF值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),BNP是影响患者预后的独立危险因素,BNP>5000ng/L组,3个月的病死率为超过50%,5年的病死率为100%.结论 BNP水平是影响病死率的一个独立危险因素,BNP>5000ng/L,近期及远期预后均严重不良.     

利用虚拟仿真技术开展侧颅底教学改革探讨

侧颅底位置深在,解剖关系复杂,传统手术死亡率高,曾被认为是手术禁区。近年来随着相关学科的发展,侧颅底外科的诊疗技术取得很大进步。文章介绍了在临床教学实践中引入虚拟仿真技术,进行教学改革,达到虚拟手术切除,显示重要器官结构相对毗邻关系的做法。     

225例终末期肾脏病血液透析患者的临床观察分析

目的 ESRD发病率高,血液透析技术的改进后,可维持生命,提高生命质量,延长寿命。方法本组ESRD维持性血液透析患者225例,全部采用碳酸盐透析,聚风透析膜,透析面积1.4 cm2～1.6 cm2,血流量220～280 mL/min,每周2～3次,每次4 h。结果本组ERSD患者死亡率12.4%,原发病病因：慢性肾小球肾炎为首发,高血压肾病居第二,糖尿病肾病第三,心血管疾病是ESRD维持性血液透析患者的首要死因,第二位为脑血管疾病,第三位为感染。结论血液透析技术改进后,并发症得到早期治疗,降低了死亡率,亦提高了生存率。     

胃食管反流病患者年龄分层及中医证型研究

目的:观察胃食管反流病患者人群年龄分层的临床特征及中医证型分布特点。方法:通过流行病学现场调查,收集胃食管反流病患者的临床资料,比较年龄≥60岁的老年人群组与年龄60岁的中青年人群组在食管炎症程度、临床症状、中医证型及生活质量方面的差异。结果:老年人群泛酸症状的发生频率低于中青年人群(P0.05);脘痞胀症状的发生频率高于中青年人群(P0.05)。老年人群中虚气逆证的比例高于中青年人群(P0.05)。老年人群在活力、生理功能、疼痛、总体健康4个维度的生活质量评分明显低于中青年人群(P0.05)。结论:胃食管反流病老年患者人群具有不同于中青年患者群的特点,应当采取有针对性的治疗。     

急性前壁心肌梗死梗死区心电图ST段形态的预后价值

目的 探讨急性前壁心肌梗塞梗塞区心电图ST段形态的预后价值。方法 比较弓背向上与弓背向下2型ST段抬高病人发病1月内发生的空性早搏、空性心动过速、心空颤动、急性左心衰竭、死亡及高血压、心绞痛史的差别。结果 2组室性早搏、室性心动过速、合并高血压无明显差别，ST段弓背向上组室颤、急性心衰、死亡及有心绞痛史者显著高于ST段弓背向下组(P＜0．05或P＜0．01)。结论 急性前壁心梗ST段弓背向上抬高较弓背向下抬高严重、并发疙多、预后较差。