Management of obstructive colon cancer: Current status,obstacles, and future directions

Approximately 10%–18% of patients with colon cancer present with obstruction at the initial diagnosis. Despite active screening efforts, the incidence of obstructive colon cancer remains stable. Traditionally, emergency surgery has been indicated to treat patients with obstructive colon cancer. However, compared to patients undergoing elective surgery, the morbidity and mortality rates of patients requiring emergency surgery for obstructive colon cancer are high. With the advancement of colonoscopic techniques and equipment, a self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) was introduced to relieve obstructive symptoms, allowing the patient’s general condition to be restored and for them undergo elective surgery. As the use of SEMS placement is growing, controversies about its application in potentially curable diseases have been raised. In this review, the short- and long-term outcomes of different treatment strategies, particularly emergency surgery vs SEMS placement followed by elective surgery in resectable, locally advanced obstructive colon cancer, are described based on the location of the obstructive cancer lesion. Controversies regarding each treatment strategy are discussed. To overcome current obstacles, a potential diagnostic method using circulating tumor DNA and further research directions incorporating neoadjuvant chemotherapy are introduced.     

肝移植术后血行感染中产超广谱β内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌流行病学、细菌学及临床回顾性分析

目的探讨肝移植术后血行感染中产超广谱B内酰胺酶（ESBL）的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的流行病学、细菌学及临床结果。方法选择1998年1月至2009年12月12年间本院肝移植患者资料。对其移植术后血行感染中产ESBL大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的情况进行回顾性分析。结果768例肝移植患者中,19（2．5％）例出现产ESBL革兰阴性杆菌血行感染,共分离到革兰阴性杆菌菌株共23株,其中大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌最为常见。产气大肠杆菌、阴沟大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌较少。产ESBL的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青霉烯类敏感率高达100％,但产ESBL大肠埃希菌对左旋氧氟沙星、头孢曲松、妥布霉素等多种抗生素出现耐药。产ESBL肺炎克雷伯菌则对头孢曲松出现完全耐药。肝移植术后产ESBL大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌血行感染患者与非产ESBL大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌血行感染患者之间的15d、30d、1年死亡率差异无统计学意义。结论肝移植术后血行感染中产ESBL大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对多种抗生素耐药,对碳青霉烯类敏感：产ESBL大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌血行感染并未明显增加患者死亡率。     

原位肝移植术前危险因素分析

目的 分析与肝移植术后早期死亡率有密切关系的术前危险因素。方法 回顾性地收集50例成人肝移植病人的临床和实验室资料，对20种待筛选的术前危险因素与术后早期死亡率的关系进行多元回归分析。结果 经单因素和Logistic多元回归分析最终筛选出术前感染情况、急性生理，年龄和慢性健康（APACHE）Ⅲ评分和血浆肌酐（Cr）水平与术后早期死亡率有独立相关性。经受试者运算特征（ROC）曲线分析，APACHEⅢ的截断点为60分，Cr的截断点为140μmol/L。结论 术前APACHEⅢ≥60分、Cr水平≥140μmol/L术前存在感染灶，是肝移植受体的术前危险因素，提示预后不佳。     

Conservative management of cholestasis with and without fever in acute biliary pancreatitis

The presence of cholestasis in both mild and severe forms of acute biliary pancreatitis(ABP)does not justify,of itself,early endoscopic retrograde cholangiography(ERC)or endoscopic sphincterotomy(ES).Clinical support treatment of acute pancreatitis for one to two weeks is usually accompanied by regression of pancreatic edema,of cholestasis and by stone migration to the duodenum in 60%-88%of cases.On the other hand,in cases with both cholestasis and fever,a condition usually characterized as ABP associated with cholangitis,early ES is normally indicated.However,in daily clinical practice,it is practically impossible to guarantee the coexistence of cholangitis and mild or severe acute pancreatitis.Pain,fever and cholestasis,as well as mental confusion and hypotension,may be attributed to inflammatory and necrotic events related to ABP. Under these circumstances,evaluation of the bile duct by endo-ultrasonography(EUS)or magnetic resonance cholangiography(MRC)before performing ERC and ES seems reasonable.Thus,it is necessary to assess the effects of the association between early and opportune access to the treatment of local and systemic inflammatory/infectious effects of ABP with cholestasis and fever, and to characterize the possible scenarios and the subsequent approaches to the common bile duct,directed by less invasive examinations such as MRC or EUS.     

再手术在胰十二指肠切除术后并发症处理中的疗效评价

目的探讨再手术在胰十二指肠切除（PD）术后并发症处理中的疗效。方法回顾性分析1986年1月至2005年12月间我院施行的392例PD术后并发症及再手术的原因、诊断、处理方式及疗效。结果PD术后并发症133例（33．9％），死亡14例（3．6％）。其中22例再手术，再手术的死亡3例，再手术死亡率13．6％。结论导致PD术后再手术主要并发症有出血、胰瘘和切口裂开等。再手术是处理PD术后并发症的一个有效手段且不增加手术死亡率。     

Mortality and morbidity after spinal surgery in patients with Parkinson's disease: a retrospective matched-pair cohort study

Background Context

There is a lack of information about postoperative outcomes and related risk factors associated with spinal surgery in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia after thermal injury: The clinical impact of methicillin resistance

Objective

To evaluate the impact of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) on mortality and length of stay in burn patients.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

A 750-bed tertiary care university hospital in Cologne, Germany.

Patients

Patients registered in the database of the burn intensive care unit (BICU) between 1989 and 2009 with complete data sets (n = 1688).

Results

Over the 21-year study period, 74 patients with SAB were identified; 33 patients had methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 41 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). Comparing the MRSA with the MSSA population the following parameters were significantly different in the univariate analysis: BMI (27.2 kg/m² vs. 23.6 kg/m²; P = 0.05), extent of deep partial thickness burns (17.8% vs. 9.0% of total body surface area; P = 0.007), antibiotic requirement on admission (45.5% vs. 22.0%; P = 0.046), median length of hospitalization prior SAB (24 days vs. 7 days; P < 0.001), packed red blood cells administration (47.6 units vs. 26.1 units; P = 0.003), intubation requirement (100% vs. 80.5%; P = 0.007), intubation period (43.5 days vs. 26.8 days; P = 0.008), catecholamine requirement (90.9% vs. 61.0%; P = 0.004), sepsis (60.6% vs. 34.1%; P = 0.035) and organ failures (81.8% vs. 39.0%; P < 0.001). Regarding outcome parameters, methicillin resistance was not significantly related with mortality (adjusted OR 1.55, 95% CI 0.56–4.28; P = 0.40) and length of BICU stay after SAB (Kaplan–Meier analysis log-rank test P = 0.32; Cox's proportional hazards regression HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.65–2.27, P = 0.535) in the univariate and multivariate analyses.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that methicillin resistance is not associated with significant increases in mortality and length of BICU stay among burn patients with SAB.     

不同T2WI信号子宫肌瘤超声造影分析

目的对行高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)消融治疗的不同T2信号的子宫肌瘤行CEUS定量分析及动态血管模型(DVP)参数成像。方法对16例行HIFU治疗的单发子宫肌瘤患者,依据术前MRI T2WI信号不同分为高信号组(n=6)、等信号组(n=4)、低信号组(n=6),于HIFU治疗前行CEUS并利用SonoLiver CAP软件对其行定量分析,以子宫肌瘤与周围肌层增强水平差值为参数行DVP参数成像构建。结果 3组峰值强度、上升时间、达峰时间、平均渡越时间分别为:高信号组为(235.40±35.46)%、(22.80±3.16)s、(25.09±2.44)s、(125.78±27.63)s,等信号组为(71.97±2.43)%、(24.85±3.22)s、(32.81±3.92)s、(66.52±3.48)s,低信号组为(16.17±2.83)%、(25.42±2.66)s、(32.82±3.76)s、(64.27±3.33)s,3组间各参数比较差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。高信号、低信号组子宫肌瘤的DVP曲线主要表现为未消退型和负向型。结论 CEUS参数成像分析和DVP参数图可直观、动态、定量地反映不同T2信号子宫肌瘤的血流灌注差异,为HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤提供重要信息。     

Chronobiological Patterns of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Central China

Background:Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is an acute and sometimes fatal cerebrovascular disease. The chronobiological patterns of aSAH are still unclear worldwide. This 15-year time-series study aims to clarify the chronobiological patterns including seasonal, monthly, weekly, and circadian distributions of aSAH.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of aSAH patients in central China. To investigate seasonal and weekly distributions, we used the χ2 goodness-of-fit test to analyze the uniformity of the onset time. To explore monthly and circadian distributions, we established Fourier models to show the rhythmicity in chronobiological patterns. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the impact of age, gender, hypertension statuses, and aneurysmal characteristics (number, size, and location) on the chronobiological patterns of aSAH.Results:A total of 1469 patients with aSAH were recruited in the study. The seasonal and monthly distribution exhibited significantly higher incidence in winter and January/December and lower incidence in summer and July. The weekly distribution of aSAH onset showed no significant uneven variation. The circadian distribution of aSAH exhibited a significant pattern (p = 0.0145), with a morning peak around 8:00, and a late afternoon peak at 16:00–20.00. The circadian rhythmicity varied in subgroups of different ages, genders, and aneurysmal locations.Conclusion:The occurrence of aSAH exhibits significant circannual and circadian patterns among the Chinese population. Patients with aSAH of different ages, genders, and aneurysmal locations would present different chronobiological patterns.     

POSSUM、P-POSSUM和Cr-POSSUM对结直肠癌患者住院期间病死率预测能力的比较

目的 比较并发症和病死率的生理和手术严重性评分(physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity,POSSUM)、并发症和病死率的生理和手术严重性评分(Portsmouth POSSUM,P-POSSUM)、结直肠切除的并发症和病死率的生理和手术严重性评分(colorectal POSSUM,Cr-POSSUM)对结直肠癌患者住院期间病死率的预测能力.方法 调查北京大学第三医院1992-2005年903例结直肠癌外科手术切除的资料.903例中,结肠癌518例,直肠癌385例.用ROC曲线分析判断评分的判别能力,用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验判断评分的拟合优度,用不同危险因素群的O∶E值判断评分的预测能力.结果 903例患者住院期间的病死率为1.0%(9/903).POSSUM、P-POSSUM、Cr-POSSUM预测的病死率分别为5.6%、2.8%、4.8%,三种评分预测的病死率明显高于实际的病死率,O:E值分别为0.18、0.35、0.2.结论 POSSUM、P-POSSUM和Cr-POSSUM在结直肠癌手术中预测的病死率高于实际病死率.