汽车内空气污染状况分析

目的 对新车内空气中苯、甲苯和甲醛浓度进行分析，了解其车内空气的污染程度。方法 采用甲醛分析仪，气相色谱仪进行测定。结果 65辆新车中甲醛、苯、甲苯的总合格率分别为85％、65％、58％。第2、3、4个月甲醛浓度合格率分别为81％、59％、91％；苯浓度合格率分别为66％、45％、82％；甲苯浓度合格率分别为38％、64％、73％。结论 甲醛超标程度较小，苯和甲苯超标比较严重。     

室内空气中苯的热解吸气相色谱测定法

目的建立了用热解吸气相色谱法测定室内空气中苯的方法。方法用活性炭管采集空气,将吸附管放入热解吸仪中加热,通氮气解吸出苯,用气相色谱仪FID检测器分析。结果采样量为20 L时,检出浓度为0.5μg/m3,样品回收率为94.6%~96.0%,相对标准偏差为1.83%~5.33%。并与国标方法进行了对比实验,经检验差异无显著性。结论该法操作简便,准确灵敏,适用于室内和工作场所空气中苯的测定。     

肛门皮瓣成形术治疗混合痔的疗效观察

采用肛门皮瓣成形术同内扎外切法比较治疗147例混合痔患者，肛门皮瓣成形术手术一次性成功率100％，随访1～3年未见复发，该术式尽可能清除内外痔组织，保留正常肛管皮肤及粘膜组织，防止术后出血、肛门狭窄及水肿，有效缩短愈合时间，同时皮瓣移植使肛周平坦，因而该术式优于内扎外切法，既能达到治疗目的，又起到肛门整形目的。     

家具行业苯对作业女工生殖系统的影响

目的了解家具行业苯对作业女工生殖系统影响.方法采用问卷调查、作业场所职业卫生学调查和工人健康体检的方法,对结果进行分析.结果接触组月经异常主要表现为经量过多、月经周期缩短,月经异常率与对照组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05);已婚女工的妊娠贫血、恶阻等合并症的发生率也显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);神经衰弱综合征、白细胞减少等显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论苯作业对女工的生殖系统可能有一定影响,今后应加强这方面的劳动保护和做好工人的职业宣传教育.     

Understanding online health information: Evaluation,tools, and strategies

ObjectiveConsidering the status of the Internet as a prominent source of health information, assessing online health material has become a central issue in patient education. We describe the strategies available to evaluate the characteristics of online health information, including readability, emotional content, understandability, usability.MethodsPopular tools used in assessment of readability, emotional content and comprehensibility of online health information were reviewed. Tools designed to evaluate both printed and online material were considered.ResultsReadability tools are widely used in online health material evaluation and are highly covariant. Assessment of emotional content of online health-related communications via sentiment analysis tools is becoming more popular. Understandability and usability tools have been developed specifically for health-related material, but each tool has important limitations and has been tested on a limited number of health issues.ConclusionDespite the availability of numerous assessment tools, their overall reliability differs between readability (high) and understandability (low). Approaches combining multiple assessment tools and involving both quantitative and qualitative observations would optimize assessment strategies.Practice implicationsEffective assessment of online health information should rely on mixed strategies combining quantitative and qualitative evaluations. Assessment tools should be selected according to their functional properties and compatibility with target material.     

Bleomycin sclerotherapy in lymphangiomas of the head and neck region: a prospective study

Intralesional sclerotherapy for lymphatic malformations (LMs) has become a modality of choice because of the high morbidity and recurrence rates with surgical excision. Traditionally, the macrocystic variant has shown good results with sclerotherapy. This prospective study was performed to evaluate the role of bleomycin sclerotherapy in the management of different radiological variants of LM. A total of 142 patients were included in this study. The lesions were classified as macrocystic, microcystic, or mixed LMs on the basis of ultrasonography. All patients were managed by intralesional injection of bleomycin and were recalled after 4 weeks for evaluation. Colour photographs of the patients were taken before the onset of treatment and at each monthly visit, and were utilized to assess the response. Following the second, third, and fourth doses, the response was better in patients with the macrocystic variant than in those with the other two variants. However, after the completion of six doses, 80.3% of patients with the macrocystic variant, 67.4% with the microcystic variant, and 71.4% with the mixed type had a complete response. There was no difference in the overall response between the three types (P = 0.28). Oedema, erythema, and local induration with fever were the most common adverse effects and were more common in younger children.     

Praziquantel treatment of school children from single and mixed infection foci of intestinal and urogenital schistosomiasis along the Senegal River Basin: monitoring treatment success and re-infection patterns

Following major water development schemes in the 1980s, schistosomiasis has become a serious parasitic disease of children living in the Senegal River Basin. Both urogenital (Schistosoma haematobium) and intestinal (Schistosoma mansoni) schistosomiasis can be highly prevalent in school-aged children, with many individuals infected with both parasites. In order to investigate the transmission and re-infection dynamics of both parasite species, single and mixed infection foci at three villages (Nder and Temeye; S. mansoni and S. haematobium foci and Guia; S. haematobium focus) were studied. In each focus infected children were identified and selected for a 12-month study involving two treatments with praziquantel (40 mg/kg) three weeks apart at the beginning of the study and again 6 months into the study. Urine and stool samples were examined for schistosome eggs before and at 6 weeks and 6 months after chemotherapy. Prevalence and intensity of infection were recorded for each child at each time point. Before treatment, in all three villages, the prevalence and intensity of infection was extremely high for both S. mansoni (79–100%) and S. haematobium (81–97%). With the first round of chemotherapy sufficient cure rates (CRs) of both species were achieved in all villages (38–96%) with high egg reduction rates (ERRs) (97–99%). The data show that high and rapid re-infection rates occur, especially for S. mansoni, within a six-month period following treatment. Re-infection must be highly linked to ecological and seasonal factors. The persistence of S. mansoni in Nder could raise concern as levels of infection intensity remain high (geometric mean intensity at baseline 653 epg changed to 705 epg at 12 months) after four rounds of chemotherapy. This phenomenon could be explained by extremely rapid re-infection dynamics or a sub-optimal efficacy of praziquantel against S. mansoni in this village. High intensities in mixed infections may influence disease epidemiology and control warranting further studies. The disease situation in the SRB must be monitored closely and new treatment regimes should be designed and implemented to control schistosomiasis in the school-age population.     

龟象膏对糖尿病肢端混合性坏疽患者C反应蛋白的影响

目的 观察龟象膏外敷对糖尿病肢端混合性坏疽患者中血清C反应蛋白(CRP)的影响.方法 将患者随机分为两组,均予西医常规治,治疗组另予龟象膏、对照组予生肌玉红膏外用,隔日换药1次；30d为1疗程.测定两组治疗前后CRP、白细胞计数及中性粒细胞百分比.结果 龟象膏治疗糖尿病肢端坏疽过程中CRP下降明显.结论 CRP可作为诊断糖尿病肢端坏疽及转归的敏感指标之一.     

Suppression of T Lymphocyte Proliferation to Antigenic and Mitogenic Stimuli by Benzo(α)pyrene and 2-Aminofluorene Metabolites

Here, we attempt to reveal how 2-aminofluorene (AF), benzo(α)pyrene (BP) and their major metabolites affect T–cell responses to antigenic and mitogenic stimuli. P-450-related metabolism of these parent compounds to metabolites seems to precede the observed immunosuppression; therefore, we investigated the influence of α-naphthoflavone (P-450 inhibitor) and β-naphthoflavone (P-450 inducer) on BP and AF immunosuppression. We used proliferative responses to concanavalin A and the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte response as correlates of immunosuppression. We also attempted to correlate DNA-adduction to the extent of observed immunosuppression for AF and BP metabolites. These data show that the pathway to the strongest immunosuppressive agents for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and arylamines are divergent and related to metabolism by P450 enzymes.     

Insulin (GIK) Improves Central Mixed and Hepatic Venous Oxygenation in Clinical Cardiac Surgery

Objective - Insulin is a vasodilating agent and it was hypothesized that insulin (GIK) could improve systemic and regional oxygenation in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Two questions were addressed: 1) Does insulin improve central mixed and hepatic venous oxygenation during CPB? and 2) Does this treatment reduce systemic levels of the proinflammatory mediators C3a and IL-6? Design - Prospective, randomized, controlled study at a university hospital. Thirty patients were included and 16 of these received an infusion of insulin, glucose and potassium (GIK) using an euglycemic clamp technique. The insulin infusion was started during hypothermia, 15 min before rewarming. Blood gases and hemodynamic parameters were measured during hypothermia (before the insulin infusion was started), during rewarming at 35°C, and 30 min after CPB was discontinued. Inflammatory markers were measured: preoperatively, during hypothermia and 2 h after CPB. Results - GIK was associated with reduced systemic vascular resistance ( p = 0.02 vs the control group), higher bypass pump flow ( p = 0.001), higher central mixed oxygen saturation ( p = 0.036) and oxygen tension ( p = 0.001) and higher hepatic venous oxygen saturation ( p = 0.04) and oxygen tension ( p = 0.006). C3a and IL-6 increased during surgery in both groups but there were no differences between the groups. Conclusion - 1) GIK infusion improved central mixed and hepatic venous oxygenation in patients undergoing heart surgery. 2) During the conditions of this study, this had no effect on the proinflammatory mediators C3a and IL-6.