合肥市居民1987～2001年心血管病死亡动态分析

目的　研究合肥市居民心血管病发病和死亡规律 ,寻找防治措施。方法　对前 5年和后 5年平均死亡率、标化死亡率、年龄别死亡率及寿命损失年 (YPLL)进行比较。结果　居民全死因粗死亡率和标化死亡率由 2 0世纪 80年代末的 4 1 7.5 5 /1 0万和 4 6 1 .83/1 0万 ,下降至 2 0世纪 90年代末的 379.1 1 /1 0万和4 2 8.79/1 0万。但心血管病呈上升趋势 ,由 1 2 5 .2 5 /1 0万和 1 39.4 6 /1 0万 ,上升至 1 2 6 .85 /1 0万和 1 4 6 .0 4 /1 0万。其中 ,心肌梗塞和脑血管病上升较快 ,分别上升 6 5 .4 3%和 4 1 .5 7%。男性死于心血管病者高于女性 ,且近年来明显增加并有年龄组提前趋势。结论　合肥市居民心血管病死亡正逐渐上升。脑血管病和心肌梗塞是心血管病防治的重点 ,而男性早期防治尤为重要     

有胫前黑斑的2型糖尿病患者皮肤黑斑和肾活检

目的：研究2型糖尿病(T2 DM)肾脏、皮肤病变的性质及两种组织病变与T2 DM高血糖之间的关系。方法：对573例门诊T2 DM患者进行流行病学调查，了解T2 DM伴胫前皮肤黑斑的发病率；对16例T2DM伴胫前皮肤黑斑的患者均进行了。肾活检和皮肤活检，对101例伴胫前皮肤黑斑T2 DM的血清做了血清蛋白电泳。结果：T2 DM伴胫前皮肤黑斑的发病率为24．78％；肾活检和皮肤活检的病理和免疫组化证实，肾脏有不同的病理形态改变，但肾脏和皮肤存在许多免疫复合物沉积；有4例患者的血清蛋白电泳凝胶上有多余的蛋白带，位置一致，分子质量较大。结论：这类患者肾脏和皮肤同时受自身免疫损害，胰腺β细胞和眼底病变可能为同一发病机制。     

Metabolic risk factors in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and renal calculi

PURPOSE: We performed a prospective study to determine the incidence and spectrum of metabolic abnormalities predisposing to stone formation in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and renal calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 47 consecutive patients with congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction underwent metabolic evaluation of stone risk factors. Of these patients 21 had associated stones (study group), while 26 did not (control group). Logistical regression, Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher's exact tests were performed to determine whether there was a significant difference between these groups in regard to the presence of metabolic risk factors. RESULTS: Demographically and symptomatically the 2 groups were equivalent except that the study patients were older. The 24-hour urinary excretion of calcium was significantly higher in study than in the control patients (p = 0.007). While the incidence of hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria was also higher in the study population, these differences were not significant (p = 0.08 and 0.07, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic abnormalities predisposing to stone formation are present more frequently in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction who have associated stones compared to those who do not. As such, urinary stasis alone does not explain stone formation in these cases. Rather, the local physiological environment of urine likely has a predisposing role. In addition to restoring unobstructed urinary flow, consideration should be given to metabolic evaluation and prophylactic treatment for affected patients.     

高氧诱导慢性肺疾病早产鼠肺组织中氧化及抗氧化系统的动态研究

目的　探讨肺组织中氧化及抗氧化系统在高氧致早产儿慢性肺疾病 (CLD)中的动态变化规律。　方法　采用高浓度氧致早产鼠CLD模型为研究对象 ,分为实验组和对照组 ,各 4 0只。应用分光光度计比色法分别测定肺组织中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛 (MDA)的含量及超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)和过氧化氢酶 (CAT)的活性。　结果　实验组和对照组各时间点肺组织中SOD、GSH Px及CAT的活性差异均无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;而实验组MDA水平早期即明显升高 [(5 5 .92± 5 .5 3)nmol/mg肺组织 ,P <0 .0 1],7d达高峰 [(94 .30± 12 .4 0 )nmol/mg肺组织 ,P <0 .0 0 1],持续 1周后逐渐下降 ,2 1d时仍高于正常水平 [(47.95± 7.4 8)nmol/mg肺组织 ,P <0 .0 1]。　结论　肺组织中抗氧化酶系统的活性不足及氧自由基损伤始终伴随高氧致CLD发生、发展的全过程。     

Cognitive disorders in patients with occlusive disease of the carotid artery: a systematic review of the literature

We present a systematic review of the literature on the prevalence, nature, severity, course, and causes of cognitive deficits in patients with occlusive disease of the carotid artery prior to surgery (if surgery was under discussion). Searches were carried out on Medline and Psychlit from 1980 to 1999 using neurovascular and psychological index terms, and papers and books were checked for further references. Studies describing neuropsychological assessment of groups of patients with carotid obstruction were included. Eighteen studies were found. We extracted from the papers data on study design, demographic characteristics of patients, clinical diagnosis, carotid obstruction, cerebral imaging, time interval between ischemic episode and neuropsychological assessment, neuropsychological asessment procedures, integration and interpretation of test performances, and conclusions of authors. Fourteen studies concluded that there are cognitive deficits both in patients with symptomatic and in those with asymptomatic carotid obstruction; four studies denied cognitive impairment. There were no differences in patient characteristics, study design, or neuropsychological assessment procedures between the 14 studies that found deficits and the 4 that did not. There are indications for a mild, diffuse, detrimental effect of carotid occlusive disease on cognitive functioning. However, methodological problems prevent a definitive conclusion. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to ascertain the neurovascular risk factors for and the natural course of cognitive impairment in patients with carotid occlusive disease. Received: 12 July 1999/Received in revised form: 10 November 1999/Accepted: 26 January 2000     

Pericyte and microvascular diseases

Pericytes are perivascular cells of microcirculation, which construct the barrier between the microcircula-tion and interstitial fluid with endothelial cell and basement membrane. Contractility and other multifunctional activities of pericytes are now being elucidated. Pericytes are pluripotential cells (i. e. as a source of other cell types)and take part in many biological and pathological procedures, such as vascularization, vascular remodeling , microvessel permeability and wound healing, etc. The functional interaction of pericytes with endothelial cells (EC) is now being established. The disfunction and population alteration of pericytes are characterized in many microvascular diseases, such as diabetic retinopa-thy, vascularization of tumors, hypertension,etc.     

伊朗传统医学治疗牙周疾病

目的:牙周疾病非常普遍,尽管有各种特定的治疗方法,但我们始终面临治疗方法有限的问题。考虑到世界组织十分关注传统医学在医疗服务中的发展和应用,我们在一直考察研究伊朗传统医学中药物对牙周疾病的治疗作用。方法:此项研究是一个对有关方面书籍的综合论述,伊朗传统医学内容是经过对重量级作者如Avicenna和Alzahrawy所著的有价值的书籍修订,收集了各医学院校馆藏图书和医药公司的有关信息编辑而成,因为在伊朗传统医学中牙周疾病分成不同目类,对有关药物的研究也被分成8个大组63个题目。(1)缓解牙龈肿胀药物(2)治疗牙龈恶化药物(3)治疗口疮腐烂药物(4)治疗牙龈肥大药物(5)利于伤口康复药物(6)利于牙龈加固的药物(7)阻止牙龈出血的药物(8)防止牙齿松动药物。结果结论:伊朗传统医学在准确的观察和实践的基础上来描述和治疗牙周疾病的。在制药学、有效治疗方面、科学研究手段等领域,伊朗传统医学在以下几个方面可作为现代制药研究的重要资源:(1)纯天然资源(2)容易获得(3)相对比较安全。     

中医学发展有赖于对病证关系的再认识

提出就中医学辨证与辨病的关系,应该是方法与结果的关系.辨证必须以辨病为前提,证只有因病的存在才有自己的特殊性可言.而这时的病不能是传统意义上的以症状命名的"病",而必须是具有发展规律、表现出特定症状与相应阶段证候的"新"病.