《2020 ACOG实践简报:孕龄≤70 d药物流产(No.225)》解读

药物流产(MA)是早孕期避孕失败的补救措施,主要药物为米非司酮和米索前列醇,二者联合使用,可使早孕期孕妇完全终止妊娠率达到90%。但是,MA导致的患者阴道流血时间长、量多,甚至阴道大流血,而需采取急诊刮宫术治疗等,尚未被彻底解决。如何安全、有效终止早孕期妊娠,保护女性生殖健康是目前国内外该领域的研究重点。美国妇产科医师学学会(ACOG)发布的《2020 ACOG实践简报:孕龄≤70 d药物流产(No.225)》对早孕期孕妇终止妊娠,具有重要指导作用。笔者拟就该简报对MA用于孕龄≤70 d孕妇的临床效果评估,MA用药方案、禁忌证、适应证,MA前咨询和检查,MA疼痛管理,MA后观察、预防性抗菌药物使用、随访管理、避孕措施9个方面基于循证医学推荐进行解读。     

米非司酮配伍米索前列醇在中期妊娠引产中的应用

为了探讨米非司酮配伍米索前列醇在中期妊娠引产中的疗效 ,观察组 68例用米非司酮配伍米索前列醇引产 ,对照组 60例用利凡诺引产 ,观察两组从规律宫缩至胎儿娩出时间 .结果 :观察组从规律宫缩至胎儿娩出时间孕 2 0周前及孕 2 0周后分别是 ( 6 5± 0 5 2 )h和 ( 7 6± 0 4 8)h均比利凡诺组的 ( 13 2± 2 4 )h和 ( 11 1± 0 3 )h明显缩短 (P <0 0 5 ) ;而且孕 2 0周后观察组胎盘胎膜完全排出率 ( 3 8 8% )明显高于对照组 ( 2 0 % ) (P <0 0 5 ) .结论 :米非司酮配伍米索前列醇用于中孕引产具有安全有效、简便易行、无严重副作用的优点 ,是一种值得推广、使用的方法 .     

药物终止10～16周妊娠的临床研究

目的：探索终止10－16周妊娠的药物引产方法。方法：将近两年来我院妊娠10－16周的健康妇女机随分布两组,A组：42例,米非司酮50mg Tid*2d,d3晨口服米索前列醇600ug,4h一次,最多3次,B组：42例,经阴羊腔内插管注入雷夫诺尔100mg引产,结果：A组成功率为92．9％,B组成功率为76．2％,结论：口服米非司酮配米索前列醇能较好的终止10－16周妊娠。     

米非司酮及米索前列醇用于终止早期妊娠的临床研究

目的探讨米非司酮、米索前列醇用于终止早期妊娠的优越性.方法对500例服药(米非司酮结合米索前列醇)及接受人流手术的早孕患者进行临床比较,从而观察药物流产的临床效果.结果药物流产与人工流产的术后病率比较,有明显的差异性.结论药物流产临床研究表明其具有安全、有效、副作用少、创伤小的特点.     

米索前列醇用于晚期妊娠引产127例分析

目的 :探讨一种晚期妊娠安全、简便、有效的引产方法。方法 :选择正常单胎头位足月妊娠具有引产指征而无禁忌证的妇女 12 7例 ,随机分为二组 ,米索组用米索前列醇 2 5 μg置于阴道后穹窿 ,催产素组用催产素 2 .5IU加入 5 %葡萄糖 5 0 0ml内静滴。对引产有效率分娩时间和剖宫产率进行了对比观察。结果 :引产有效率 :米索前列醇组明显高于催产素组。 (P <0 .0 5 )分娩时间米索前列醇组和催产素组有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。剖宫产率两组有明显差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :米索前列醇用于晚期妊娠计划分娩安全、简便、有效。     

RU486配伍米索前列醇中止瘢痕子宫早孕的安全性及可行性探讨

采用RU486配伍米索前列醇中止早孕188例,其中27例为瘢痕子宫。结果显示188例用药后完全流产率为91．48％;27例瘢痕子宫组为100％;161例非瘢痕子宫组为90．06％,两组完全流产率的差异无显著性意义,P>0．05,且两者绒球排出时间及出血时间亦无明显差异,瘢痕子宫组无一例严重并发症。提示RU486配伍米索前列醇口服中止瘢痕子宫早孕者安全、有效,并非其禁忌证,推荐为首选方法之一。     

足月妊娠米索前列醇引产效果的观察

目的与方法 :通过足月妊娠孕妇采用阴道后穹窿置米索前列醇引产观察对母婴的影响 ,并设静点催产素者为对照组。结果 :应用米索前列醇组在引产有效率及降低剖宫产率方面均优于催产素组 ,而对新生儿的影响与催产素组无明显差别。结论 :足月妊娠米索前列醇引产是一种安全有效的方法     

Cervical ripening with oral misoprostol at term.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of 200 microg single dose oral misoprostol as a cervical priming agent at term. METHODS: In this double-blind randomized trial, 156 pregnant women requiring induction of labor with gestational age of 37-42 weeks and Bishop score < or =5, were randomized to receive either 200 microg of misoprostol or a placebo, orally. Labor was induced with intravenous oxytocin infusion 12 h after oral medication if the patient did not go into labor. The primary outcome was the change in the Bishop score 12 h after oral medication. The secondary outcomes were the timings starting from the drug administration to the onset of uterine activity, interval between oral medication and delivery, oxytocin need for induction, mode of delivery, frequency of side effects, and neonatal and maternal outcome. The chi-square or Fisher exact test, Student's t-test, and Mann-Whitney U-test were used for analysis of the data. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in maternal characteristics or indications of induction. The Bishop score 12 h after oral medication significantly improved in the misoprostol group compared with the control group [55 (70%)>8 vs. 4 (5%)>8; P<0.001]. The induction rate was significantly reduced in the misoprostol group (P<0.001). The interval between oral medication and the onset of uterine activity was significantly shorter in the misoprostol group (P<0.001). The interval between oral medication and delivery was also significantly shorter in the misoprostol group (P<0.001). The cesarean delivery rate was significantly lower in the misoprostol group (P<0.001). There were no differences between the groups with respect to the incidence of tachysystole, hyperstimulation, adverse neonatal or maternal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of 200 microg single dose of misoprostol is an effective agent not only for cervical priming but also for induction of labor at term. Furthermore, it reduces the rate of cesarean deliveries.     

Labor induction post-term with 25 micrograms vs. 50 micrograms of intravaginal misoprostol.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of 25 microg vs. 50 microg of intravaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening and labor induction beyond 41 weeks' gestation. METHODS: The study population consisted of 120 women not in active labor with a gestational age >41 weeks, singleton pregnancy with vertex presentation, reactive fetal heart rate tracing, amniotic fluid index >/=5, and Bishop score <5. Women were randomized to receive either 25 microg (n=60) or 50 microg (n=60) of intravaginal misoprostol. The dose was repeated every 4 h (maximum number of doses limited to six) until the patient exhibited three contractions in 10 min. The main outcome measure was the induction-vaginal delivery interval. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to the induction-vaginal delivery interval (685+/-201 min in the 25 microg group vs. 627+/-177 min in the 50 microg group, P=0.09). The proportion of women delivering vaginally with one dose of vaginal misoprostol was significantly greater in the 50 microg group (0/49 vs. 41/47, P<0.001). There were no differences in the rates of cesarean and operative vaginal delivery rates, or in the incidences of tachysystole and hyperstimulation syndrome in the two treatment groups. Neonatal outcomes were also similar. CONCLUSIONS: Intravaginal administration of 25 microg of misoprostol appears to be as effective as 50 microg for cervical ripening and labor induction beyond 41 weeks' gestation.     

米非司酮配伍米索前列醇联合己烯雌酚终止12~24周妊娠的临床探讨

目的探讨终止12~24周妊娠最佳药物流产方法。方法观察组用己烯雌酚、米非司酮、米索前列醇联合终止12~24周妊娠,对照组用米非司酮配伍米索前列醇终止12~24周妊娠,两组进行比较。结果观察组成功率100%,宫缩开始时间(0.57±0.24)h,胚胎/胎儿排出时间(7.22±4.91)h,产时出血量(148.99±58.94)ml,恶露干净时间(14.8±7.8)d。对照组成功率92%,宫缩开始时间(0.63±0.37)h,胚胎/胎儿排出时间(9.21±1.96)h,产时出血量(148.99±58.94)ml,恶露干净时间(18.6±9.0)d,两组差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论己烯雌酚、米非司酮、米索前列醇联合用药终止12—24周妊娠是安全、可靠、成功率较高,是基层医院采用的一种理想药物流产方法。