四川省藏、羌、汉族小学三年级～高三学生身体活动状况

[目的]了解藏、羌、汉族学生身体活动状况，为采取有效措施促进少数民族地区学生积极参加身体活动、提高他们的身体素质、达到相关的健康目标提供依据。[方法]采用一年回顾性身体活动调查问卷调查四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州藏、羌、汉族1450名小学3年级～高3学生的身体活动情况。[结果]阿坝地区中小学生最常参加的由学校组织的活动依次为体操、跑步，业余时间参加的活动依次为步行、做家务、爬楼梯和跑步。藏、羌、汉族学生平均每天身体活动时间分别为1．12、0．99和0．95h；藏族学生平均每天身体活动时间要显著高于羌族和汉族学生（F=6．38，P〈0．01）。藏、羌、汉族学生平均每天身体活动能量消耗分别为295．1、244．0和208．1kcal；藏族学生平均每天身体活动能量消耗要显著高于汉族和羌族学生（F=17．09，P〈0．01）。[结论]四川省藏、羌、汉族中小学生身体活动存在差异，应根据少数民族地区的实际情况制定切实有效的措施，促进他们积极参加身体活动。     

少数民族地区3～6岁儿童行为问题及其影响因素

[目的]探讨少数民族地区儿童行为问题特征及干预对策。[方法]采用整群抽取3～6岁儿童1 140名,用Rutter儿童行为父母问卷及自编相关因素调查表进行现况调查,问卷回收率96.6%。[结果]行为问题检出率为31.23%。A行为检出率14.74%;N行为检出率为10.88%;M行为检出率为5.61%。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析,A行为的主要影响因素是父亲职业、母亲妊娠时间、生源地、家庭月经济收入及儿童健康状态;N行为的主要影响因素是性别、民族、父亲饮酒行为、父母婚姻状态、儿童性格、家庭收入及儿童健康状态;M行为的主要影响因素是家庭收入和家庭和谐程度。[结论]黔南州学龄前儿童行为问题检出率高于国内其他研究,揭示在贫困的少数民族地区学前儿童行为问题已成为亟待解决的公共卫生问题。     

The Effect of Patient Navigation on Time to Diagnosis,Anxiety, and Satisfaction in Urban Minority Women with Abnormal Mammograms: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Delay in follow-up after an abnormal mammogram is associated with advanced disease stage, poorer survival, and increased anxiety. Despite the implementation of many patient navigator programs across the country, there are few published, peer-reviewed studies documenting its effectiveness. We tested the effectiveness of a patient navigator in improving timeliness to diagnosis, decreasing anxiety, and increasing satisfaction in urban minority women after an abnormal mammogram. Women with suspicious mammograms were randomly assigned to usual care (N = 50) or usual care plus intervention with a patient navigator (N = 55). There were no demographic differences between the two groups. Women in the intervention group had shorter times to diagnostic resolution (mean 25.0 vs. 42.7 days; p = .001), with 22% of women in the control group without a final diagnosis at 60 days vs. 6% in the intervention group. The intervention group also had lower mean anxiety scores (decrease of 8.0 in intervention vs. increase of 5.8 in control; p < .001), and higher mean satisfaction scores (4.3 vs. 2.9; p < .001). Patient navigation is an effective strategy to improve timely diagnostic resolution, significantly decrease anxiety, and increase patient satisfaction among urban minority women with abnormal mammograms.     

In vitro vs in vivo Pb effects on brain protein kinase C activity

Alteration of normal protein kinase C (PKC) function by environmental Pb exposure during neurodevelopment is hypothesized to be an important mechanism of toxicity underlying neurologic impairment. Previous studies have reported widely varying effects of Pb on PKC, possibly in part because of differences in in vitro and in vivo models used in those studies. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that, with comparable tissue Pb levels, the effects of in vitro Pb exposure on brain PKC are the same as the effects caused by in vivo Pb exposure of intact animals. For chronic in vivo Pb exposure, female Long-Evans rats were exposed to Pb or vehicle from postnatal days 1 to 34-36 (n=10/treatment). For in vitro Pb exposure, homogenate of the frontal cortex region was exposed directly to Pb in an amount comparable to that accumulated in brain during chronic in vivo Pb exposure. Brain Pb levels were measured using ultraclean techniques and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. PKC activity was subsequently determined in cytosolic and membrane subcellular fractions in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and remaining brain regions. Results indicate that brain Pb levels following in vivo Pb exposure were increased approximately 20-fold above those of nonexposed animals (vehicle group [Pb] approximately 130ng Pb/g dry wt.). However, in vivo Pb exposure did not measurably alter brain PKC activity in the regions tested. In contrast, in vitro Pb exposure significantly increased PKC activity by approximately 20% in the frontal cortex homogenate membrane subcellular fraction. These results indicate that Pb added in vitro caused more dramatic effects than those produced by a comparable amount of Pb in the tissue from in vivo exposure. While the mechanisms underlying these outcomes are not clear, they suggest that in vitro models might not accurately reflect effects of chronic low-level in vivo Pb exposure.     

New Public Health education in the Republic of Macedonia: expectations, experiences and perspectives

Development of a strategy in public health (PH) education is crucial for Macedonia in providing modern education for actual PH practice. Establishing a School of Public Health (SPH) is vital for a country in a health transition with high rates of preventable diseases. The main strategic goals in modern PH education in Macedonia should be capacity building, improving the competencies of PH professionals, serving communities, participating in the policy, and partnership development. Expectations were expressed through two key points: strengthening institutional capacity in the area of PH and institutional development of SPH. The organizational structure of the new Center of Public Health is based on existing human resources and infrastructure. Medical Faculty initiated development of a postgraduate PH teaching program [Master of Public Health (MPH)] provided by the newly formed Center of Public Health within the Medical Faculty Skopje. The Macedonian MPH program has been developed with modular-type courses as a part-time teaching program in four semesters within a 2-year period. This program is designed to cover all the basics of PH sciences and practice, including basic and elective courses, workshops, research forum. and master's thesis with a credit transfer system in PH education. The main assets for SPH development are knowledge and skills of the constantly improving teaching staff. Successful preliminary evaluation of the Macedonian SPH project, being qualified “as a model for SPH development,” led to full Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER) membership. Sustainability of this program will require continuing support although a remarkable beginning has been achieved. The next strategic goal is continuing development of SPH with fiscal and academic autonomy and preparing formal ASPHER Public Health Education European Review (PEER). This SPH recognized the main communicating message of the New Public Health: “Moving with the time.” New Public Health is determined by a dual approach: to be modern, and to grow and to build the tradition in PH education. The development of Macedonian SPH represents a new orientation toward science, philosophy, culture, and life and promotes new spirit and movement in PH in this region of Europe.     

思茅地区石斛属植物资源的调查

概述了自八十年代以来对思茅地区野生石斛属植物的种类及分布所作的调查 ,提供了 4 1种区内石斛的种名和分布点。为石斛种质资源的研究、药用石斛的可持续开发和利用 ,以及石斛的人工栽培提供了科学依据。     

海南黎族人群细胞色素P450 2C19基因多态性的研究

目的研究细胞色素P450 2C19（CYP2C19）在海南黎族人群中的遗传多态性征。方法应用限制性片段长度多态性分析法（PCR—RFLP）对165名黎族健康志愿者进行了CYP2C19基因多态性分析。结果wt、m1和m2三种等位基因在海南黎族健康人群中的发生频率分别为61％、36％和3％。其中wt／wt基因型的发生率为38％（62／165），m1／wt和m2／wt基因型的发生率分别为42％（70／165）和5％（8／165），m1／m1和m1／m2基因型的发生率分别为14％（23／165）和1％（2／165），未发现m2／m2基因型个体。结论海南黎族人群的CYP2C19的基因多态性与其它民族相比具有一定的差异性。     

云南民族地区初中生心理健康状况

目的了解云南民族地区初中生的心理健康状况,为少数民族地区中学生心理健康教育提供依据.方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)调查云南省几个主要民族地区初中生心理健康状况,并与中心城市昆明市初中生进行比较.结果迪庆和澜沧地区初中生SCL-90各因子分明显高于昆明、大理初中生,除个别因子外,昆明与大理初中生之间差异无显著性;云南民族地区初中生SCL-90各因子得分均高于云南其他地区初中生.结论云南省民族地区也多为贫困地区,其初中生的心理健康状况较为严峻.     

社区健康教育对糖尿病治疗效果评价

目的:探讨合理的健康教育对乙型糖尿病患者病情控制的影响,为今后更好开展社区糖尿病医护服务摸索方法。方法:按照实验流行病学调查的方法,将12 1名患者随机分为对照组和干预组,在干预组实施糖尿病综合干预措施。结果:干预组经综合干预后知识水平有明显提高(P <0.0 5 ;血糖控制水平明显优于对照组(P <0.0 1) ,患者对治疗依从性显著提高。结论:糖尿病教育对于社区预防和治疗糖尿病有非常重要的意义     

黔东南自治州侗药物种多样性研究

黔东南地区由于地理位置的独特性，保育着多种多样的药用物种。本文从该地区侗族药物物种成分、珍稀濒危药物、植被类型等方面分析阐述了黔东南地区侗族药物的多样性，并提出了保护黔东南地区侗族药物多样性的措施。