冻干重组葡激酶对正常人凝血、纤溶系统影响的研究

目的　探讨冻干重组葡激酶 (r Sak)对正常人出、凝血及纤溶系统的影响 ,为进一步临床应用提供翔实的依据。方法　健康志愿者 2 0例静脉注射不同剂量r Sak(1、2 5、5、10、15mg) ,观察临床出血情况以及动态监测用药前后BT、BPC、APTT、PT、TT、Fg、D D、PL∶A、α2 PI∶A。结果　 2 0例中 4例有轻微出血 ,以皮肤粘膜为主 ,可自行止血 ,无 1例伴内脏出血。其中 3例牙龈渗血 ,2例穿刺部位出血。 4例有D D轻微异常 ,其余以上指标皆无变化。实验显示本药为高度选择性溶栓药 ,对正常人出凝血相无改变。结论　在本试验剂量范围内 ,该药是相对安全的 ,可很好耐受 ,但用于临床的最佳剂量有待进一步临床验证     

Body Fat Moderates the Association of Olfactory Dysfunction with Dietary Intake in U.S. Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES 2013–2014

Background: Obesity relates to impaired olfactory function. Abnormal olfactory function is also associated with poor diet; however, whether obesity-related markers shape this relationship is unknown. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis (n = 1415, age > 40 years) of NHANES 2013–2014 examined body fat percent (BF%) and waist circumference (WC) as moderators of the relationship between olfactory function and diet. The olfactory function test identified adults with olfactory dysfunction (OD) or normal olfaction (NO). Validated 24 h recall captured nutrient intake and Healthy Eating Index-2010 scores. BF% and WC were measured. We tested adjusted linear regression models, with an interaction term between olfactory function and BF%/WC, for each nutrient or HEI score, and reported coefficients (β), standard errors (SE), and p-values for significant interaction terms. Results: In OD (9.5%; mean age 50.9 years, 95% CI 49.6, 52.2) compared with NO (mean age 49.3 years, 95% CI 48.8, 49.9), higher BF% was associated with higher intake of saturated fat (β (SE): 0.2 (0.1) g; p = 0.06) and percent of total calories from total fat (0.2 (0.1); p = 0.07), saturated (0.1 (0.004); p = 0.02), and monounsaturated fat (0.1 (0.1); p = 0.08); lower percent of total calories from carbohydrates (−0.2 (0.1); p = 0.09) and mg of sodium (−17.8 (09.6); p = 0.08); and a higher (healthier) refined grain score (0.1 (0.1); p = 0.04). Higher WC was associated with higher refined grain scores (0.01 (0.02); p = 0.01) in OD. Conclusion: BF% may shape dietary intake and quality in OD. Longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the directionality of these relationships and develop strategies to improve dietary intake among OD.     

Healthy aging impairs face discrimination ability

Face images enable individual identities to be discriminated from one another. We aimed to quantify age-related changes in different aspects of face identity discrimination. Face discrimination sensitivity was measured with a memory-free “odd-one-out” task. Five age groups (N = 15) of healthy adults with normal vision were tested: 20, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and 80-89. Sensitivity was measured for full-face images (all features visible), external features (head-shape, hairline), internal features (nose, mouth, eyes, and eyebrows) and closed-contour shapes (control object). Sensitivity to full-faces continuously declined by approximately 13% per decade, after 50 years of age. When age-related differences in visual acuity were controlled, the effect of age on face discrimination sensitivity remained. Sensitivity to face features also deteriorated with age. Although the effect for external features was similar to full-faces, the rate of decline was considerably steeper (approximately 3.7 times) for internal, relative to external, features. In contrast, there was no effect of age on sensitivity to shapes. All age groups demonstrated the same overall pattern of sensitivity to different types of face information. Healthy aging was associated with a continuous decline in sensitivity to both full-faces and face features, although encoding of internal features was disproportionately impaired. This age-related deficit was independent of differences in low-level vision. That sensitivity to shapes was unaffected by age suggests these results cannot be explained by general cognitive decline or lower-level visual deficits. Instead, healthy aging is associated with a specific decline in the mechanisms that underlie face discrimination.     

Juvenile Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Healthy Liver

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients ＜30 years old is extremely rare. In younger patients, HCC develops against a background of persistent hepatitis B virus infection. We herein report a 23-year-old woman with HCC with all-negative hepatitis virus markers developing in an apparently healthy liver. Imaging studies showed a 50-mm hypervascular mass in segment 4 of the left liver lobe, compatible with HCC. The patient underwent surgical resection. A histological examination showed the presence of poorly differentiated HCC. The patient was diagnosed with HCC developing in a healthy liver. This is an extremely rare case of non-B non-C HCC.     

1100例健康人血液粘度测定分析

应用锥板式粘度计测定1100例17～76岁的健康人的血液粘度,为河南省提供了正常参考值,并对职业、年龄、性别及测量方法与血液粘度的关系加以讨论。     

健康城市的现代理念

  目的  全面比较健康城市与国家卫生城市的差异,更好地推进健康城市建设。  方法  采用系统综述方法,检索PubMed、中国知网等8个电子数据库和国内外相关机构网站中比较健康城市与国家卫生城市的文献。共检索542篇,通过文献筛选,最后纳入4篇文献进行分析。  结果  健康城市与国家卫生城市在最终目的和部分评价指标上是相同的;在背景、评价方法和指标体系等6个方面存在差异。卫生城市主要涉及公共卫生领域,用统一的指标体系进行评价,有考核和命名程序;健康城市几乎涉及所有健康相关的领域,注重自我评价,无考核与命名程序。  结论  为更好地促进健康城市建设活动,除应获得政府支持和加强全社会的参与,对于从业人员的相关健康教育也非常重要。     

Hypochromic reticulocytes,hypochromic erythrocytes and p-transferrin receptors in diagnosing iron-deficient erythropoiesis

Background: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that hypochromic reticulocytes, hypochromic erythrocytes and p-transferrin receptors are sensitive variables in detecting iron-deficient erythropoiesis in healthy subjects and hemodialysis patients. Methods: Study 1: Twenty-one blood donors donated 450?mL blood. During the following 2 weeks blood samples were analyzed for the variables mentioned above. Study 2: Twenty-eight blood donors received 10 000 U recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) twice in the first week or placebo, after they had donated 450?mL blood. During the following 3 weeks the blood samples were analyzed for the variables mentioned in Study 1. Study 3: Eighteen hemodialysis patients receiving rHuEPO and iron treatment had either iron treatment discontinued for 4 weeks, after which iron was resumed, or received unchanged treatment. During 8 weeks blood samples were analyzed for the variables mentioned in Study 1. Results: Study 1: Blood donation induced an increase in hypochromic reticulocytes of 178%, in hypochromic erythrocytes the increase was 267%, and in p-transferrin receptors 32%. Study 2: Treatment with rHuEPO induced a more pronounced increase than placebo in hypochromic reticulocytes (232% vs. 158%) and hypochromic erythrocytes (1240% vs. 300%), but not in p-transferrin receptors. Study 3: Discontinuation of iron treatment did not cause any significant differences in the variables mentioned above between the two groups, but caused a 25% decrease in p-ferritin. When iron treatment was resumed, p-ferritin increased by 19%. We found no significant changes in the control group. Conclusions: Hypochromic reticulocytes, hypochromic erythrocytes and p-transferrin receptors are sensitive variables in the early detection of iron-deficient erythropoiesis in healthy subjects, but in this study the iron withdrawal period was too short to show the value of these variables in the detection of iron-deficient erythropoiesis in hemodialysis patients.     

基于心脏磁共振特征追踪技术的中国正常人左心房功能的定量研究

目的使用心脏磁共振特征追踪（CMR-FT）技术定量评价中国正常人的左心房功能。方法按纳入标准入选磁共振检查结果显示正常的健康人。采用半傅里叶单次激发技术及平衡稳态自由进动序列获得标准心脏各长轴及短轴切面及电影序列,由2名医师独立测量左心房功能参数,包括左心房容积、射血分数、应变及应变率等。男性与女性相对应参数的比较采用两独立样本t检验。不同年龄组间相应参数的比较采用单因素方差分析。结果共纳入63名研究对象,男34名、女29名,≤29岁19名、30～44岁23名、≥45岁21名。左心房各径线：左心房前后径为（26.1±4.5）mm,左右径为（54.8±5.9）mm;左心房储存功能参数：总射血分数为（63.5±6.9）%,总应变为（45.9±11.7）%,总应变率为（1.5±0.5）s^-1;导管功能参数：被动射血分数为（24.6±9.1）%,被动应变为（22.2±8.1）%,被动应变率为（－0.8±0.3）s^-1;泵血功能参数：主动射血分数为（51.3±8.9）%,主动应变为（23.7±9.2）%,主动应变率为（－1.3±0.5）s^-1。除体表面积、左心房各径线及最大容积、主动收缩前容积在男女之间差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）之外,其余左心房各功能参数性别间差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。不同年龄组间左心房导管功能差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而储存及泵血功能差异无统计学意义。相关性分析结果显示左心房总射血分数与总应变、被动射血分数与被动应变、主动射血分数与主动应变均呈正相关（r=0.77、0.74、0.77,P均<0.01）。左心房功能各参数组内相关系数均>0.6,Bland-Altman分析显示2名医师间具有较好的一致性。结论 CMR-FT技术因其高度的可重复性可用于获得中国正常人左心房功能的相关参数。     

陆德铭教授运用扶正祛邪法治疗乳腺癌经验

陆徳铭教授认为,乳房与脾胃、肝肾及冲任二脉有密切关系,形成肾气-天癸-冲任-乳腺的性轴,冲任二脉是其枢纽。陆徳铭教授继承历代医家的观点,并根据长期的临床实践,认为乳腺癌患者虚实夹杂,本虚标实。本虚体现在气阴两亏和冲任失调两个方面,标实表现为气、血、痰、毒胶结为害。乳腺癌的治疗上遵循扶正祛邪大法,创乳癌术后方,以益气养阴、调摄冲任、活血破瘀消癥。方中以生黄芪、党参、白术、茯苓健脾益气;南沙参益气养阴;肉苁蓉、淫羊藿、巴戟天调摄冲任,共奏扶正之功;石见穿、莪术活血破瘀消癥达祛邪之效。并且陆徳铭教授认为癌毒毒性凶烈、稽留难去、易走易窜,故在扶正的同时亦非常重视祛邪之法的应用,扶正与祛邪并重。临床应用中,陆徳铭教授在临床治疗中,常根据病情、病位、病势,在乳癌术后方基础上增加祛邪药物以清余毒。陆徳铭教授使用祛邪药物的特点,一是一药多能,选择具有多种功效的药物,而且这些功效都能针对乳腺癌术后的病因病机;二是常以对药的形式,相须为用,起到协同作用的效果;三是活法机圆,既善重剂起沉疴,又非盲目使用大剂量,如孙思邈所言:胆欲大而心欲小,智欲圆而行欲方。陆徳铭教授常用的祛邪方法包括清热解毒、活血消癥、化痰散结,习以半枝莲、龙葵、苦参、露蜂房、蜀羊泉、岩柏、天龙等药清热解毒散结;以蛇六谷、牛膝、泽兰、桃仁、红花等药活血消癥;以夏枯草、象贝母、山慈姑、生薏苡仁、海藻、胆南星、生牡蛎等药化痰散结。陆徳铭教授治疗乳腺癌疗效显著,经验值得借鉴。