新型冠状病毒肺炎后潜水员适潜性评估

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID?19）自2019年底爆发以来,对人类生命健康造成了极其严重的危害。作为一种呼吸系统疾病,COVID?19对全身几乎所有器官都会产生影响,其中最主要的受累器官为肺和心脏。随着COVID?19 “康复”患者数量不断增加,越来越多的证据表明,因COVID?19而住院治疗得到“康复”的患者中有相当大比例的人群存在着后遗症,主要表现为呼吸系统和心血管系统的症状。对于潜水员,COVID-19后运动耐受、心肺功能的恢复对于其适潜性具有重要的影响。一些组织和机构对于潜水员COVID-19后的适潜性评估,发布了指南。本文对COVID-19后呼吸和心血管后遗症以及相关的适潜性评估方案进行简要介绍,并基于已有的相关要求和我国实际,初步提出我国潜水员COVID-19后的适潜性评估要求。     

河北省城乡居民精神健康状况调查

目的了解河北省城乡居民精神健康状况。方法采用多阶段分层抽样的方法确定样本,统一培训调查员,按统一的方法和标准进行面对面的问卷调查。结果66.86%的人自认为精神状况较好或者很好,出现精神状态不佳的为51.36%;感到精神紧张、有压力的为31.26%,感到烦躁不安、无名发火的为38.71%,感到压抑、沮丧、情绪低落的为30.57%,感到伤心、难过的为22.45%,感到做事没价值、没意义的为14.02%,女性明显高于男性,35～54岁年龄组最高,小学和初中文化高于其它文化程度者。从事农、林、牧、渔、水利业生产等重体力劳动的农村人员高于城市人员及其它职业;精神不佳时未采取任何措施的为52.67%。结论河北省城乡居民精神状态不佳的比例超过一半以上,女性、35～岁年龄组、文化程度低、重体力劳动者是精神不佳的高发人群,对此重点人群宜实施有针对性的健康干预。     

Assessment of the position and level of mental nerve for placement of implants using cone-beam computed tomography & panoramic radiograph in the Saudi population

Background and objectiveIn surgical dentistry, shape, location, position, and extent of the anterior loop of mental foramen plays a deliberately imperative landmark during an osteotomy procedure. To evade any neurological disturbance during implant surgery radiological assessment is compulsory. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the position and level of mental nerve for placement of implants using Cone-beam computed tomography & Panoramic radiography in the Saudi population.Materials and methodsA total of 150 CBCT and Panoramic radiographs were taken from the patients who visited the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. The data collection was done by using the same radiographic pieces of equipment for both CBCT and Panoramic radiographs. CBCT images taken from Kodak 9000 3D, Carestream Health, Inc., New York, USA, and Panoramic Radiographs taken from Panoramic Planmeca ProMax, Helsinki, Finland (Vujanovic-Eskenazi et al., 2015). The Chi-square test student test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe most frequent shape and location of mental foramen in both CBCT and Panoramic radiographs were oval and in between the first and second premolar, both in CBCT & PR views. The visibility of mental loop on CBCT & PR view showed that; visibility of mental loop in CBCT was higher with 42(56%) as compared with PR view 26(34.66%) with statistically significant p-value 0.014. The mean length of the mental loop on CBCT was statistically significant (p = 0.001). But the mean distance from the lower point of the mental foramen to the lower border of the mandible was not statistically significant.ConclusionBased on the results of the present study; the visibility of the mental loop and its extension is more in CBCT as compared with PR views. Therefore, we recommended CBCT, during of implant surgery.     

Inheritance and Fitness Costs of Vip3Aa19 Resistance in Mythimna separata

The “high-dose/refuge” strategy is expected to work most effectively when resistance is inherited as a functionally recessive trait and the fitness costs associated with resistance are present. In the present study, a laboratory selected Mythimna separata strain that have evolved >634.5-fold resistance to Vip3Aa19 was used to determine the mode of inheritance. To determine if fitness costs were associated with the resistance, life history parameters (larva stage, pupa stage, pupal weight, adult longevity and fecundity) of resistant (RR), -susceptible (SS) and heterozygous (R_♂S_♀ and R_♀S_♂) strains on nontoxic diet were assayed. The LC₅₀ values of R_♀S_♂ were significantly higher than that of R_♂S_♀ (254.58 μg/g vs. 14.75 μg/g), suggesting that maternal effects or sex linkage were present. The effective dominance h of F₁ offspring decreased as concentration increased, suggesting the resistance was functionally dominant at low concentration and recessive at high concentration. The analysis of observed and expected mortality of the progeny from a backcross suggested that more than one locus is involved in conferring Vip3Aa19 resistance. The results showed that significant differences in many life history traits were observed among the four insect genotypes. In short, resistance to Vip3Aa19 in M. separata was inherited as maternal and multigene and the resistance in the strain was associated with significant fitness costs. The results described here provide useful information for understanding resistance evolution and for developing resistance management strategies.     

How Diet and Physical Activity Modulate Gut Microbiota: Evidence,and Perspectives

Gut microbiota plays a significant role in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis, contributing to human health. Nevertheless, some factors (sex, age, lifestyle, physical activity, drug-based therapies, diet, etc.) affect its composition and functionality, linked to pathologies and immunological diseases. Concerning diet, it interacts with microorganisms, leading to beneficial or detrimental outcomes for the health of host. On the other hand, physical activity is known to be useful for preventing and, sometimes, treating several diseases of cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, respiratory, and muscular systems. This paper focuses on diet and physical activity presenting the current knowledge about how different diets (Western, ketogenic, vegan, gluten free, Mediterranean) as well as different types of exercise (intensive, endurance, aerobic) could shape gut microbiota.     

Trends in Physical Fitness and Nutritional Status among School-Aged Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Shaanxi,China—A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: This study aimed to explore the characteristics of trends in physical fitness and nutritional status among school-aged students during the COVID-19 pandemic, which could help to develop targeted guidelines and policies for students (adolescents) to promote health during lockdowns resulting from public health emergencies. Methods: The physical fitness and nutritional status were measured from 2019 to 2021; the correlation between years and grade were analyzed. Results: a declining trend was found in aerobic fitness, strength fitness, speed fitness, and BMI during this lockdown. Conclusion: The changes in dietary behavior and the decrease in outdoor physical activities may be the reason for the decline. Furthermore, differences in subjects’ growth and limited space at home must be considered in the formulation of exercise and nutritional plans. According to the results of our study, exercise for aerobic fitness should receive more attention when students are enduring a pandemic lockdown. In addition, saying “no” to high-calorie foods in the form of snacking and ultra-processed food was the key to improving subjects’ nutritional status.     

Classification,prevalence and integrated care for neurodevelopmental and child mental health disorders: A brief overview for paediatricians

‘Neurodevelopmental disorders’ comprise a group of congenital or acquired long-term conditions that are attributed to disturbance of the brain and or neuromuscular system and create functional limitations, including autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, tic disorder/ Tourette’s syndrome, developmental language disorders and intellectual disability. Cerebral palsy and epilepsy are often associated with these conditions within the broader framework of paediatric neurodisability. Co-occurrence with each other and with other mental health disorders including anxiety and mood disorders and behavioural disturbance is often the norm. Together these are referred to as neurodevelopmental, emotional, behavioural, and intellectual disorders (NDEBIDs) in this paper. Varying prevalence rates for NDEBID have been reported in developed countries, up to 15%, based on varying methodologies and definitions. NDEBIDs are commonly managed by either child health paediatricians or child/ adolescent mental health (CAMH) professionals, working within multidisciplinary teams alongside social care, education, allied healthcare practitioners and voluntary sector. Fragmented services are common problems for children and young people with multi-morbidity, and often complicated by sub-threshold diagnoses. Despite repeated reviews, limited consensus among clinicians about classification of the various NDEBIDs may hamper service improvement based upon research. The recently developed “Mental, Behavioural and Neurodevelopmental disorder” chapter of the International Classification of Diseases-11 offers a way forward. In this narrative review we search the extant literature and discussed a brief overview of the aetiology and prevalence of NDEBID, enumerate common problems associated with current classification systems and provide recommendations for a more integrated approach to the nosology and clinical care of these related conditions.     

精神疾病司法鉴定违法者的异常脑电图与违法类型的关系

目的探讨精神疾病司法鉴定中不同违法者脑电图异常与违法类型的关系。方法对送鉴违法者(178例)均进行常规脑电图检查，违法行为分为暴力(64例)和非暴力(114例)两类，按鉴定诊断将脑电图分成8个组，比较两类违法行为的脑电图差异性。结果癫痫和精神发育迟滞的违法者脑电图异常率高，两类违法行为间存在皮层电活动差异，非暴力违法者异常率较高。结论两类违法行为的脑功能异常部位可能不同，皮层功能异常在非暴力违法者中较多见。     

不同学历护士心理健康调查分析

目的了解不同学历的护士心理健康与应对方式情况。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和简易应对方式问卷（SCSQ）对130名护士按照学历高低分本科组、大专组、中专组3组进行调查,结果采用SPSS 12进行统计处理,并进行组间对比分析。结果中专护士在人际敏感因子上高于本科组和大专组;本科护士、大专护士在焦虑、偏执2个因子上高于中专护士;本科护士的敌对较其他两组高。本科护士应付方式积分高于大专护士与中专护士,统计学检验P〉0.05。结论学历差异对护士的心理健康有一定的影响,但更关键的是护士从事护理工作的时间和经验,工作经验丰富有利于护士心理健康。