完美主义对心理健康、自尊及主观幸福感的影响

目的探讨大学生完美主义对心理健康、自尊和主观幸福感的影响作用.方法采用完美主义量表、心理健康量表、自尊量表和幸福感量表对290名大学生进行测试.结果①担心出错、对行动的疑虑是心理健康的影响变量;担心出错、组织性和对行动的疑虑是自尊的影响变量;担心出错和组织性是主观幸福感的影响变量.②顺应不良的完美主义对心理健康、自尊及主观幸福感产生消极影响;顺应良好的完美主义对自尊和主观幸福感产生积极影响.结论完美主义维度对心理健康、自尊及主观幸福感具有不同程度的影响,顺应良好和顺应不良的完美主义对心理健康、自尊及主观幸福感具有不同性质的影响.     

心理健康对精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响

目的观察心理健康对精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响。方法采用入院顺序分层随机法，将120例慢性精神分裂症患者分为研究组（心理健康＋奋乃静）和对照组（单用奋乃静）治疗。在治疗前，治疗后4、8、12周末分别以阳性症状和阴性症状量表（PNASS？评定疗效，用韦氏成人智力量表（WAIS—R）、韦氏记忆量表（WMS）和威斯康星卡片分类测验（wCST）评定治疗前后患者认知功能的改变。结果治疗12周后，研究组的言语量表、操作量表、全量表和记忆量表分分别为84．97±3．73、80．41±5．93、83．37±5．81、77．26±13．31；对照组分别为75．41±3．95、72．43±5．56、75．87±5．34、72．15±13．19，两组有显著差异（P〈0．01）。PANSS总分、阴性因子分比治疗前明显降低。结论心理健康治疗对精神分裂症患者认知功能有明显改善。     

老年与中青年癌症病人心理健康状况比较研究

癌症是一种心身疾病 ,心理社会因素在癌症的发生、发展及预后中均起着重要作用。反过来 ,癌症对病人来说又是一种恶性刺激 ,会给病人带来沉重的心理负担 ,影响疾病的康复和生活质量 ,并可加速癌症的恶性进展 ,造成不良后果。有研究表明 ,老年与中青年癌症病人因社会地位、社会经验及社会责任的不同而各具特点[1] 。了解不同年龄癌症病人的心理状况 ,并采取相应的处理策略 ,对癌症的治疗和康复具有积极作用。我们对 1999年 7月～ 2 0 0 0年 8月收治的 12 6例老年和 96例中青年癌症病人的心理健康状况进行了对比分析 ,结果总结如下。1　材料和…     

Physiological Correlates of Mental Activity: Eye Movements, Alpha, and Heart Rate During Imagining, Suppression, Concentration, Search, and Choice

Rapid eye movements (REMs), EEG alpha, and tonic heart rate (HR) were measured during 6 types of cognitive tasks—imagining a liked person, suppressing thoughts of the person, searching one's mind for alternative solutions, arithmetic involving little concentration, problems involving high concentration, and choosing a preferred activity. The latter 3 required verbalization, the former 3 did not. Only suppression and search did not differ significantly from each other on at least one physiological variable. Imagining, suppression, and search yielded few REMs, high alpha, and low HR. High concentration yielded many REMs, low alpha, and high HR. Choice yielded many REMs, low alpha, and intermediate HR. Low concentration yielded few REMs, low alpha, and high HR. Suppression produced somewhat less alpha than imagining but did not differ significantly in REMs.     

集训新兵躯体化症状特点及其相关因素分析

目的：探讨集训新兵躯体化症状特点及其相关因素。方法：用成人EPQ和症状自评量表（SCL-90）在集训过程中对1432名新兵进行了躯体化症状和个性评定。结果：集训第一个月末新兵躯体化症状的检出率最高（12.25％），集训第二个月末为9.81％，集训前为8.66％。逐步回归分析表明，影响躯体化症状的主要因素依次为情绪不稳、有过受伤史、缺少体育锻炼、非主动要求参军等。结论：集训期间躯体化症状呈非线性下降趋势，集训前躯体化症状受多种因素影响。     

大学生寻求专业性心理帮助态度的预测因素研究

目的:探讨大学生寻求专业性心理帮助态度的预测因素。方法:选取700名不同年级、不同专业的大学生作样本,进行问卷调查。结果:以寻求专业性心理帮助态度为因变量,进行性别(2)×专业(2)的方差分析。结果发现,性别的主效应显著,F(1,615)=3.294,P=0.050。专业的主效应显著,F(1,615)=20.896,P=0.001。性别和专业的交互效应没达到显著性水平,F(1,615)=1.890,P=0.170。以寻求专业性心理帮助态度为因变量,回归分析结果得出R=0.636,R2=0.405,F=29.641,P=0.001,说明建立的回归方程是有意义的。结论:①对寻求专业性心理帮助态度有显著预测作用的变量按预测作用大小排序依次是:是否求助过、依赖的自我结构、自我隐藏度、专业、内控性和性别。②女生的寻求专业性心理帮助的态度比男生积极。③文体艺术类学生的寻求专业性心理帮助的态度比非文体艺术类学生积极。④自我结构是相互依赖的人寻求专业性心理帮助的态度积极。⑤自我隐藏度高的人寻求专业性心理帮助的态度消极。⑥内控者寻求专业性心理帮助的态度消极。     

The Topography of Non-Linear Cortical Dynamics at Rest, in Mental Calculation and Moving Shape Perception

Differential cortical activation by cognitive processing was studied using dimensional complexity, a measure derived from nonlinear dynamics that indicates the degrees of freedom (complexity) of a dynamic system. We examined the EEG of 32 healthy subjects at rest, during a visually presented calculation task, and during a moving shape perception task. As a nonlinear measure of connectivity, the mutual dimension of selected electrode pairs was used. The first Lyapunov coefficient was also calculated. Data were tested for non-linearity using a surrogate data method and compared to spectral EEG measures (power, coherence). Surrogate data testing confirmed the presence of nonlinear structure in the data. Cognitive activation led to a highly significant rise in dimensional complexity. While both tasks activated central, parietal and temporal areas, mental arithmetic showed frontal activation and an activity maximum at T3, while the moving shape task led to occipital activation and a right parietal activity maximum. Analysis of mutual dimension showed activation of a bilateral temporal-right frontal network in calculation. The Lyapunov coefficent showed clear topographic variation, but was not significantly changed by mental tasks (p<.09). While dimensional complexity was almost unrelated to power values, nonlinear (mutual dimension) and linear (coherence) measures of connectivity shared up to 37% of variance. Data are interpreted in terms of increased cortical complexity as a result of recruitment of asynchronously active, distributed neuronal assemblies in cognition. The topography of nonlinear dynamics are related to neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings on mental calculation and moving shape perception.     

高中学生自我价值感与应对方式、心理健康的相关研究

关于自我价值感的研究已经从概念、结构的探讨进入更为深入的自我价值感水平、发展特点以及与其他心理成分的关系的研究。国内关于自我价值感的相关研究 ,多数是借助国外的自尊量表作为测查工具 ,且仅仅从总体上考察了其他心理因素与自我价值感的相互关系[1-4] 。自我价值感作为应对的资源[5] ,不同自我价值感的人 ,在面对同一压力源时 ,可能有不同的应对反应 ,由此引起不同的情绪感受 ,因此 ,心理健康可能也存在差异。本研究将应用国内专家编制的有关量表 ,并将自我价值感视为一个较稳定的人格变量 ,考察自我价值感与应对方式、心理健康的…     

Secretory immunoglobulin A and cardiovascular reactions to mental arithmetic, cold pressor, and exercise: effects of alpha-adrenergic blockade

The mechanism underlying acute changes in secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) remains to be determined. In this experiment, sIgA and cardiovascular activity were monitored at rest and while participants performed a mental arithmetic task, cold pressor, and submaximal cycle exercise following placebo or 1 mg of the alpha-adrenergic blocker, doxazosin. Under placebo, the tasks produced patterns of cardiovascular activity indicative of combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic, alpha-adrenergic, and beta-adrenergic activation, respectively. Doxazosin was associated with reduced blood pressure during cold pressor, but not during arithmetic or exercise. Mental arithmetic elicited increases in sIgA concentration and exercise produced increases in both sIgA concentration and secretion rate; these changes were unaffected by alpha blockade. In contrast, the cold pressor was associated with decreases in both sIgA concentration and secretion rate, which were blocked by doxazosin. These data suggest that acute decreases, but not increases, in sIgA are mediated by alpha-adrenergic mechanisms.     

教师心理健康影响因素探微

目的 从微观层面探讨归因、自我效能感、教育观念、人格因素对教师心理健康的影响。方法 使用《教师心理健康问卷》和CPSQ人格问卷》进行问卷调查。结果 能力和努力归因对教师心理健康有正向的预测作用；任务难度和运气归因对教师心理健康有负向的预测作用。工作效能和创造效能对教师心理健康都有正向的预测作用。成功教育、挫折教育和主动探索的教育观念对教师的心理健康都是正向的预测作用。神经质分数低的教师出现心理问题的几率不大；趋向于外向、开放、随和以及尽职尽责的教师，心理健康水平较高。结论 归因、自我效能感、教育观念、人格因素对教师心理健康都有程度不同的影响。