旅游者心理健康状况的调查分析

目的　评定旅游者的心理健康状况。方法　对我市某旅行社外出旅游者进行症状自评量表 ( SCL-90 )测试 ,并将结果与中国正常人常模进行比较。结果　旅游者在人际关系和焦虑两项因子分高于常模 ,其中人际关系敏感因子分差异显著( P<0 .0 5 ) ,精神病性因子分低于常模 ,并具有显著差异 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;单独外出旅游者与结伴外出旅游者相比在人际关系敏感和焦虑两个因子方面具有显著性的差异 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论　旅行社对旅游者的心理健康状况应引起重视 ,并对存在的心理问题进行必要的干预     

159名精神科医生的心理健康状况调查

目的了解精神科医生心理健康状况。方法应用统一编制的一般状况调查表、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)对某精神病专科医院临床一线工作的医生,共计159人进行问卷调查。结果159名精神科医生的SAS总的标准分为37.54士8.73,SCL-90中至少1个因子平均分大于3分者占15.06%;SCL-90各因子得分除恐怖因子外,其他因子分均高于国内正常人的水平,差异均有显著性(P<0.05);男女医生之间差异无显著性。结论精神科医生普遍存在心理卫生问题,社会应该给予充分关注。     

Psychosis as a predictor of response to lithium maintenance treatment in bipolar affective disorder

Sixty-six bipolar I lithium clinic patients were studied for a history of psychotic symptoms at some time during the course of their illness. Agreement between different sources of information was calculated, and the patient population was divided into psychotic and non-psychotic subgroups. Probability of remaining well on lithium for the different subgroups was analyzed by the life table method. Psychosis during mania appeared to be associated with especially good early lithium prophylaxis.     

Modern Mind-Brain Reading: Psychophysiology, Physiology, and Cognition

This paper reviews the actual and potential benefits of a marriage between cognitive psychology and psychophysiology. Psychophysiological measures, particularly those of the event-related brain potential, can be used as markers for psychological events and physiological events. Thus, they can serve as "windows" on the mind and as "windows" on the brain. These ideas are illustrated in the context of a series of studies utilizing the lateralized readiness potential, a measure of electrical brain activity that is related to preparation for movement. This measure has been used to illuminate presetting processes that prepare the motor system for action, to demonstrate the presence of the transmission of partial information in the cognitive system, and to identify processes responsible for the inhibition of responses. The lateralized readiness potential appears to reflect activity in motor areas of cortex. Thus, this measure, along with other psychophysiological measures, can be used to understand how the functions of the mind are implemented in the brain.     

青岛市中青年领导干部心理健康状况的调查研究

本研究采用部卷方式，调查探讨了青岛市中青年领导干部的心理健康状况，结果表明，（1）青岛市中青年领导干部的心理健康状况远远好于普通人群。（2）青岛市中青年领导干部的“自我与经验的和谐水平”以及“自我的灵活性”极明显地高于大学生常模。(2)青岛市青年领导干部的“自我与经验的不和谐”水平与其心理健康程度密切相关；其“自我的灵活性”与心理健康的多个方面也有着密切的相关。     

河南省幼师学生心理健康状况调查分析

目的 了解河南省幼师学生的心理健康状况，为提高幼师的心理素质提供依据。方法 对来自河南南阳一师，洛阳一师，郑州幼师3所学校的580名幼师女生进行症状自评量表（SCL-90）测定。数据经t检验，q检验和卡方检验。结果 幼师在校生中有63.81%学生存在心理健康问题。11.43%学生有明显心理障碍，突出表现为强迫，人际敏感，偏执，敌对，抑郁，不同年级学生心理健康状况存在明显差异。结论 提示幼师学生存在不同程度心理健康问题。学校心理卫生和教育工作者必须予以重视，进行干预。     

Cardiovascular patterns associated with threat and challenge appraisals: a within-subjects analysis

Previous studies demonstrated distinct cardiovascular patterns associated with threat and challenge appraisals for groups of participants. We extend these results by assessing whether appraisals continue to be associated with these cardiovascular response patterns within an individual as appraisals change. Participants completed four verbal mental arithmetic tasks for which they made appraisals before and after each task. Cardiac reactivity and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were calculated for the first and last minutes of each task, and the number of responses and percent correct were measured for each task. In line with our prediction, pretask appraisals were related to some task-related cardiac responses across the four tasks. In addition, task-related cardiovascular reactivity and behaviors both influenced appraisals following the task. Our findings suggest that an idiographic analysis of appraisals, cardiovascular physiology, and task-related behaviors provides a richer understanding of the appraisal process and reveals sex differences deserving further assessment.     

A Negative Slow Wave Related to Conceptual Load Which Vanishes if the Amount of Load is Increased? A Reply to Ruchkin and Johnson

Ruchkin and Johnson (1991) claim that the mode of responding used by Rösler & Heil (1991) may have camouflaged effects of a negative slow wave that Ruckin et al. (1988) had found to be related to the difficulty of mental calculation problems. This criticism is addressed by three arguments which support the interpretation of Rösler and Heil (1991). According to this view, the negative slow wave in question is more likely related to unspecific processing factors, such as effort and event expectation, than to specific processing demands such as these induced by mental arithmetic.     

领导干部心理健康量表的初步编制

目的编制一套适用于领导干部群体的心理健康量表。方法通过文献研究、个案分析、问卷调查等,确立测验结构并编制成预测量表,通过对127位被试施测结果进行条目分析等形成正式量表,并进行因子分析等考察量表的信度和效度。结果编制成一个含3个量表:心理症状量表、自我概念量表、外界适应量表,共计93个项目的测评系统。项目与其所在量表的题总相关系数在0.445～0.855之间(P<0.001),各条目决断值(CR值)均具有显著性;对自我概念量表和外界适应量表探索性因素分析分别提取4个和3个公因子,累计解释总变异量分别为54.842%,48.365%,因子载荷在0.427～0.814和0.434～0.796之间;各量表的Cronbach'sα系数分别为0.775,0.860,0.952。结论初步研究显示量表的信效度均达到心理学测量标准,具有较好的信效度。     

工作记忆、执行功能、加工速度与数学障碍儿童推理和心算能力的关系

目的：探讨工作记忆、执行功能、加工速度与数学障碍儿童推理和心算能力的关系。方法：采用智力测验、成就测验、教师提名、学业成绩相结合的综合标准甑选数学障碍儿童，在长沙市三所小学随机选取4-6年级共12个班，从中抽取24名数学障碍儿壹和24名学习正常儿童。对两组儿童进行工作记忆、执行功能、加工速度以及数字推理、图案推理和心算测验。结果：数学障碍组的工作记忆、执行功能及加工速度测验成绩均屁著低于学习正常组（P〈0．001—0．05），数学障碍组数字推理、图案推理和心算成绩也湿著低于正常组；数字推理、图案推理及心算成绩与听觉工作记忆、视觉工作记忆、执行功能和加工速度均有显著相关；逐步回归分析结果显示，进入推理能力回归方程的自变量有听觉工作记忆和视觉工作记忆；进入心算的回归方程的是听觉工作记忆和加工速度。结论：数学障碍儿童存在工作记忆、执行功能和加工速度缺陷；数学障碍儿童的推理能力低于正常学习儿童，主要可由工作记忆能力不足来解释，而心算能力低下则可由听觉工作记忆和加工速度共同解释。