在美欧非洲用中医治疗HIV、AIDS的体会

中医药具有纯天然、很少毒副作用和抗药性,并价廉适应面广特点,据笔者近10多年在美欧非洲几十个国家和地区的千余例HIV、AIDS病人的临床实践证实,中医中药、针灸对治疗HIV、AIDS疗效显著。     

基于血糖负荷概念的食物交换份在糖尿病营养治疗中的应用

目的:建立以控制血糖负荷和总能量为特征,体现食物血糖应答差异的新型食物交换系统,探索其在糖尿病人饮食管理中的应用价值。方法:根据食物血糖指数(glycemicindex,GI)与碳水化物含量计算血糖负荷(glycemicload,GL),比较GI与GL的相关性以及对食物血糖效应的影响。融合GL和食物交换份方法的特点,提出基于GL的新型食物交换份。结果:粮谷类、豆类及制品的GI与GL%有较好的一致性,相关系数分别为0.64、0.55。而蔬菜、水果类食物的GI与GL%无明显相关性。基于GL的食物交换份既保留了传统交换方法简单易行的特点,又充分考虑了碳水化物在质和量方面的差异,有助于在控制总能量的同时,定量预测或调整混合膳食的血糖应答效应。结论:基于GL的食物交换份有较高的应用前景,值得实践和推广。     

妇科癌症患者化疗前后饮食习惯改变的调查与对策

目的分析妇科癌症患者化疗前后饮食习惯改变,探讨化疗后的饮食对策。方法采用问卷调查法,对36例手术后接受化疗的妇科癌症患者进行调查评定。结果31例患者化疗前偏爱水产品,化疗后2周对这类食物厌恶;30例患者化疗前偏爱普食,化疗后2周厌恶普食,偏爱半流食;26例患者化疗前偏爱清淡汤类,而化疗后2周偏爱刺激性汤类;5例患者化疗前偏爱肉类制品,化疗后2周对这类食物厌恶;化疗前对腌腊食品和蜜饯厌恶的患者,化疗后2周却偏爱这类食物。结论妇科癌症患者化疗后2周确有饮食习惯的改变。     

Does an apple a day keep the oncologist away?

BACKGROUND: Apples have commonly been described as a healthy food. To understand better their role on risk of cancer at several sites, we analyzed data from multicenter case-control studies conducted between 1991 and 2002 in Italy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The studies included 598 patients with incident cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, 304 of the oesophagus, 460 of the larynx, 1953 of the colorectum, 2569 of the breast, 1031 of the ovary and 1294 of the prostate. The comparison group included a total of 6629 patients admitted to the same network of hospitals as cases for acute, non-neoplastic diseases. Multivariate odds ratios (OR) were obtained with allowance for age, sex, study center, education, body mass index, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, total energy intake, vegetable consumption and physical activity. RESULTS: Compared with subjects reporting consumption of <1 apple/day, the ORs for > or =1 apple/day were 0.79 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-1.00] for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, 0.75 (95% CI 0.54-1.03) for oesophagus, 0.80 (95% CI 0.71-0.90) for colorectum, 0.58 (95% CI 0.44-0.76) for larynx, 0.82 (95% CI 0.73-0.92) for breast, 0.85 (95% CI 0.72-1.00) for ovary and 0.91 (95% CI 0.77-1.07) for prostate. CONCLUSION: This investigation found a consistent inverse association between apples and risk of various cancers.     

Outpatient initiation of the ketogenic diet in children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy: An effectiveness,safety and economic perspective

BackgroundChildren with pharmacoresistant epilepsy usually receive ketogenic diet (KD) as an inpatient, which makes it an expensive treatment.ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness, safety, and costs of outpatient versus inpatient initiated KD.DesignRetrospective observational non-inferiority study.Patients/settingPatients (1–18 years of age) who started KD either inpatient or outpatient.Main outcome measuresEffectiveness was defined as ≥50% seizure reduction. Safety was measured by the numbers of emergency visits and complications. Economic impact was analyzed by calculating total costs of treatment.Statistical analysesNon-inferiority of outpatient initiation was tested using 95% confidence intervals of the differences in effectiveness and safety endpoints between groups with non-inferiority margins of 10%. Nonparametric bootstrap techniques were used to derive a 95% confidence interval for the mean difference in total costs between the groups.ResultsHundred and five patients started KD in the period 2001 to 2017: 43 inpatient and 62 outpatient. At three months, the KD was effective in 61% of outpatients versus 63% of inpatients. The KD was considered safe in 36% of the outpatients, as compared to 29% in the inpatients. Outpatient initiation was shown to be non-inferior to inpatient initiation in terms of safety. Total health care costs of outpatient initiation were € 2901, as compared to € 8195 of inpatient initiation per patient (mean difference € 5294, 95% CI; -€ 7653 to -€ 2935).ConclusionsOur study suggests that outpatient KD initiation is no worse than inpatient initiation in terms of effectiveness and safety, while carrying lower health care costs.     

Correlation analysis of intestinal flora and pathological process of type 2 diabetes mellitusOA

Objective: To observe the relationship between the different stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and the intestinal flora and verify its underlying mechanism.Methods: T2DM rats were generated by high-fat diet(HFD) combined with intraperitoneal streptozotocin(STZ) injection. The rats were divided into four groups: the control group(fed with normal feed for1 month), the HFD group(fed with HFD for 1 month), the T2DM group(HFD combined with STZ and blood glucose ≥11.1 m M), and the unformed T2DM...     

Short-Term Pilot Study to Evaluate the Impact of Salbi Educa Nutrition App in Macronutrients Intake and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet: Randomized Controlled Trial

Promoting a healthy diet is a relevant strategy for preventing non-communicable diseases. This study aims to evaluate the impact of an innovative tool, the SAlBi educa nutrition app, in primary healthcare dietary counseling to improve dietary profiles as well as adherence to the Mediterranean diet. A multi-center randomized control trial comprising 104 participants was performed. Both control (n = 49) and intervention (n = 55) groups attended four once-weekly sessions focusing on healthy eating habits and physical activity, over one month. As well as attending the meetings, the intervention group used the app, which provides self-monitoring and tailored dietary advice based on the Mediterranean diet model. In a second intervention (one arm trial), the potential of SAlBi educa was evaluated for three months during the COVID-19 pandemic. At 4 weeks, the intervention group had significantly increased their carbohydrate intake (7.7% (95% CI: 0.16 to 15.2)) and decreased their total fat intake (−5.7% (95% CI: −10.4 to −1.15)) compared to the control group. Significant differences were also found for carbohydrates (3.5% (95% CI: −1.0 to 5.8)), total fats (−5.9% (95% CI: −8.9 to −3.0)), fruits and vegetables (266.3 g/day (95% CI: 130.0 to 402.6)), legumes (7.7g/day (95% CI: 0.2 to 15.1)), starchy foods (36.4 g/day (95% CI: 1.1 to 71.7)), red meat (−17.5 g/day (95% CI: −34.0 to −1.1)), and processed meat (−6.6 g/day (95% CI: −13.1 to −0.1)) intakes during the COVID-19 pandemic. SAlBi educa is a useful tool to support nutrition counseling in primary healthcare, including in special situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Trial registration: ISRCTN57186362.     

Exclusion Diets in Functional Dyspepsia

Functional dyspepsia represents one of the most common and prevalent disorders of the brain–gut interaction, with a large number of widespread risk factors being identified. With an intricate pathogenesis and symptomatology, it heavily impacts the quality of life and, due to the limited efficacy of traditional pharmacological agents, patients are likely to seek other medical and non-medical solutions to their problem. Over the last few years, significant research in this domain has emphasized the importance of various psychological therapies and nutritional recommendations. Nevertheless, a correlation has been established between functional dyspepsia and food intolerances, with more and more patients adopting different kinds of exclusion diets, leading to weight loss, restrictive eating behaviour and an imbalanced nutritional state, further negatively impacting their quality of life. Thus, in this systematic review, we aimed at analysing the impact and efficiency of certain exclusion diets undertook by patients, more precisely, the gluten-free diet and the low-FODMAP diet.