遵义市核心家庭成员生殖健康状况调查

目的了解核心家庭的育龄夫妻的生殖健康知识水平及行为状况,为提高家庭生殖健康水平提供科学依据。方法2018年11月—2019年1月采用整群随机抽样法,随机抽取贵州省遵义市主城区内5个街道中符合核心家庭标准的311户家庭成员进行自填式匿名问卷调查。结果调查对象的生殖健康知识的总知晓率60.7%,女性较高于男性。男性比女性更易接受婚前性行为,差异有统计学意义(χ2=35.483,P<0.05)。生殖健康预防行为的得分的主要因素是生殖健康知识及自我效能得分的高低。结论遵义市核心家庭成员的生殖健康知晓率较低,在对男性的生殖健康过程中的关注度不够,家庭成员的参与意识缺乏,应开展针对性的干预措施,提高核心家庭生殖健康的整体水平。     

自闭症谱系障碍听觉处理功能行为研究进展

自闭症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)或自闭症患者准确处理和解释听觉信息往往存在困难.本文旨在通过阐述近20年来国外关于ASD儿童听觉处理功能行为的研究进展,了解研究工具,为我国开展相关研究提供参考依据.研究趋势表明,ASD的听觉信息处理障碍往往在复杂的听觉信息处理过程中出现,而且言语刺激情况下比非言语刺激更加严重.对ASD各种认知研究结果的解释与讨论,有待进一步研究确认.     

SHR、WKY大鼠与SD大鼠注意缺陷多动障碍模型行为学特征的比较

目的 比较SHR、WKY、SD大鼠行为学特征，探寻研究SHR大鼠注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）理想的对照模型。方法 运用旷场实验统计大鼠运动距离、运动速度、穿格数及理毛次数来评价SHR、WKY、SD大鼠自主运动情况；运用水迷宫实验检测三组大鼠的学习记忆能力。结果 旷场实验结果显示，SHR大鼠在总运动量、平均运动速度及穿格次数上较WKY及SD大鼠均显著增加（P<0.01）；与WKY大鼠相比，SD大鼠运动距离显著高于WKY组（P<0.01），其运动速度及穿格数略高于WKY组（P<0.05）；水迷宫隐匿站台实验中，与SHR大鼠相比，SD大鼠潜伏期较长（P<0.05），在潜伏期运动距离上，SD大鼠在训练第1天、第3天及第4天运动距离较SHR大鼠延长（P<0.05或P<0.01）；比较WKY组，SD大鼠潜伏期及潜伏期运动距离较WKY在各个训练时间均有不同程度的下降（P<0.05或P<0.01）。在空间探索阶段，SD大鼠穿台次数及目标象限运动时间、距离比率等均较SHR大鼠有所减少（P<0.05），而较WKY大鼠则有不同程度的升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论 WKY大鼠与SHR大鼠行为学差异过大，两者的比较存在一定的不足，增设SD大鼠作为SHR大鼠的对照组能够提升SHR大鼠行为学特征的可比性，更为客观的反映SHR大鼠的行为学特征。     

成都市某三甲医院孕妇孕期膳食习惯及行为调查

目的:调查成都市某三甲医院孕妇孕期膳食习惯及行为的变化情况。方法:以理性行为理论为基础,自行设计问卷对在成都市某三甲医院门诊就诊的600例孕妇进行调查。结果:孕妇普遍存在孕期膳食结构不合理,孕期营养知识缺乏的问题,不同年龄段孕前BMI之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.003);孕前、孕早期、孕中晚期在吸烟、喝酒、喝咖啡等方面差异具有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论:孕妇孕期膳食行为及营养知识有待改善,应加强孕期膳食行为监督及营养知识健康教育指导。     

CORRELATIONS AMONG BEHAVIORAL MEASURES OF ORBITOFRONTAL FUNCTION

Orbitofrontal cortex plays an important role in guiding behavior based on emotional input and rewards. It receives multimodal higher order sensory information and mediates reinforcement for primary as well as secondary or conditioned forms of reinforcement (e.g., monetary rewards). Several behavioral measures have demonstrated putative sensitivity to orbitofrontal function: smell identification, delayed alternation, and response inhibition (go/no-go and antisaccades). A correlational study of performances on these tasks by healthy controls demonstrated some interrelationships: go/no-go correlated with antisaccades, left nostril smell correlated with go/no-go, and right nostril smell correlated with delayed alternation. Further analysis showed that certain smells correlated with tasks more strongly than others. Given the diversity of these tasks, it is suggested that these intercorrelations result from at least the partial overlap of the neural substrates for olfactory identification and tasks requiring response modification based on reinforcement contingencies.     

The Effect of Health Behavior Modification Program for Liver Fluke Prevention among the Risk Group in Rural Communities,Thailand

This quasi-experimental research aimed to study the effect of health behavior modification program in relation toknowledge, self-efficacy, expectation, and practice for liver fluke prevention among the risk group from Bueng Samrongsub-district, Kaeng Sanam Nang district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Northeast Thailand. The total of 66 participantswas assigned to experimental and comparison group, 33 participants in each group, 12-weeks intervene period. Theexperimental group was received health behavioral modification programs based on health education, self-efficacy,motivation, social support and networking. Pre-and-post-tests were measured using predesigned questionnaires. Thecomparative analysis was analyzed by paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test at the 0.05 level of significance.The results revealed that the experimental group had significantly greater knowledge, self-efficacy, expectation, andpractice for liver fluke prevention than those in the comparison group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this was a successfulhealth education program for liver fluke avoidance. Participants were gained the correct knowledge and had the higherself-efficacy, expectation, and practice regrading liver fluke prevention. Therefore, it may useful for further behaviormodification in the other epidemic areas.     

HOSTILITY AS A MODERATOR OF PHYSICAL REACTIVITY AND RECOVERY TO STRESS

This experiment was designed to assess differences in physiological reactivity and recovery to stress among low- and high-hostile men. Specifically, 25 low- and 25 high-hostile undergraduates were identified using the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (Cook & Medley, 1954). To ensure homogeneity, all subjects were right-handed and had a general right hemibody preference, as indicated by a score of +7 or higher on the Coren, Porac, and Duncan Laterality Test (Corer, Porac, & Duncan, 1979). All subjects underwent a traditional cold-pressor stressor test. Physiological measures heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were recorded before the stressor (Prestress), after the stressor (Poststress), and then again 9 min later (Recovery). Increased physiological arousal between pre- and poststress measurements was used as an indicator of reactivity. Subsequent decreases in physiological arousal were used as recover measures. Given the current models of negative emotion and hostility, it was expected that high-hostiles, relative to low-hostiles, would evidence increased physio logical arousal and decreased recovery to stress. Interestingly, high-hostiles experienced significantly greater reactivity to stress in heart rate only, and no group differences were found with regard to recovery. Results are discussed in terms of previous research and current models of emotion.     

护理干预方法对糖尿病足患者的作用及效果评价

目的评价护理干预方法对糖尿病足患者的作用及效果。方法经患者知情同意，将108例糖尿病足患者分为干预组和对照组，每组54例。对照组治疗术后采用常规护理处理，干预组采用自行设计的护理干预方法进行相关指导，随访3个月，对2组各项指标进行评价。结果经过3个月的干预后，干预组患者吸烟、疾病相关知识、知晓率、参加锻炼、血糖控制、体质量达标及胰岛素使用情况与干预前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论自行设计的护理干预方法具有一定针对性，能增强患者自我保健意识和依从性，改善不良的生活方式，减少罹患疾病的诱发因素。     

Behavior Patterns of Coronary Heart Disease Patients and Healthy Controls in China

Abstract

Studies of the behavior patterns in coronary heart disease (CHD) have begun in China. A survey of 714 CHD patients, 424 controls, and 220 relatives of the CHD patients was conducted in 18 provinces and municipalities. It showed that scores on Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) tests were much higher for CHD patients than for controls. Scores for mental workers were higher than for physical workers, but there were no significant differences when scores were broken down by age and sex.