Effects of potassium chloride on sexual behavior and the cortical EEG in the ovariectomized rat

The facilitation of lordosis behavior by the cortical application of KCl has been confirmed. Ovariectomized female rats were injected with estradiol benzoate (EB) for 3 days and then a 15% KCl solution was put into permanent cannulae resting on the cortical dura. Sexual behavior tests were performed 15, 30, 60 and 90 min and 24 hr after KCl application and a lordosis quotient (LQ) was obtained from each 10-mount test. There was a significant increase in the LQ 15 min after KCl application to levels which approached those seen after priming with both EB and progesterone. Although lordosis behavior was facilitated, no EEG changes were found following KCl application in 7 of 9 rats, but there was marked depression of the amplitude of the cortical EEG in the remaining 2. It is concluded that KCl application, a treatment which produces functional decortication by inducing spreading depression, suppresses a cortical inhibitory system for lordosis behavior.     

Development of behavioral audition in the kitten

The present study reports the maturation of behavioral responses to several classes of auditory stimulation and defines both natural and artificial stimuli to which kittens respond. This development is discussed relative to the physical maturation of the external auditory canal and the pinna and the extant electrophysiological and neuroanatomical literature. The external auditory canal did not reach its maximum depth until 12 ± 3 days of age and this was followed by a gradual deepening of the external concavity resulting in the complex adult pinna being formed at around 31 days of age. All but two of the animals showed diffuse pinna movements to tactile, visual and olfactory stimulation on the first post-natal day. The kittens showed a definite response to auditory stimuli by 5 ± 1.5 days. In all cases, the early responses consisted of a general arousal, bouts of pinna movements and facial squints. In general the earliest responses were seen to the tape recorded natural stimuli. Seventy-five percent of the animals responded to all stimulus presentations by 7 days of age, but showed adult latencies only at 14 days. Some degree of spatial localization appeared as early as 10 days, but 75% of the subjects showed this at 16 days with adult latencies coming in at 26 days. It was within this latter period that the animals began to show habituation to the non-animal sounds. These results demonstrate, by using a battery of both natural and artificial auditory stimuli, a diffuse reactivity in the neonatal kitten which suggests that the immature auditory system is quite capable of mediating simple behaviors before central connections are either electrophysiologically or anatomically mature.     

自我角色认同护理在躁狂症护理中的应用效果分析

目的探讨自我角色认同护理在躁狂症中的应用效果。方法选取2017-2019年沈阳市铁西区精神卫生中心收治的成人躁狂症发作期患者50例,随机分为对照组和干预组各25例。对照组给予常规护理,干预组给予自我角色认同护理。分别采用激越行为量表和社交技能量表对两组的干预效果进行评价。结果干预后两组激越行为量表和社交技能评定目录量表各维度评分及总分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论自我角色认同护理能进一步改善躁狂症患者的激越行为和社交技能,值得临床推广应用。     

影响10—12岁学龄儿童行为的家庭因素分析

目的 探讨学龄儿童行为问题及影响因素。方法 采用Rutter儿童行为问卷（父母问卷）评价儿童行为,采用Moss家庭环境量表（FES）和自拟的儿童行为问题影响因素调查,调查10－12岁城市学龄儿童325名。结果 学龄儿童行为问题检出率为9．7％;儿童行为与家庭成员的情感表达程度、家庭人员间亲密度呈显著负相关（P＜0．05）;经多因素分析,儿童行为问题的影响因素主要有家庭成员情感表达、家庭道德观。结论 儿童行为与家庭环境有密切关系,和谐的家庭气氛、良好的家庭道德观念是促进儿童行为发育的有利条件。     

Success Habits of Long-Term Gastric Bypass Patients

Background: By identifying common habits of the most successful long-term gastric bypass patients, one is able to establish more specific guidelines for new patients to follow. The first postoperative year is a critical time that must be dedicated to changing old behavior and forming new, lifelong habits. Methods: 100 gastric bypass patients from 1979 to 1995 participated in a comprehensive survey. Surveys were completed in person, by phone, or in writing. Participants were asked to answer questions regarding their eating, drinking, sleeping, exercise, and personal habits. Results: The survey revealed that specific habits are common in gastric bypass patients who have maintained their weight loss for many years. Conclusion: Identifying and defining the common habits of patients who are successful with long-term weight loss enabled specific guidelines to be established for new patients to implement during the initial weight loss phase, which will contribute to life-long success.     

c-Fos expression in the auditory pathways related to the significance of acoustic signals in rats performing a sensory-motor task

Neuronal activity was established in the auditory pathways in relation to behavioural response and cognitive information processing during a sensory-motor acoustic learning. Rats were trained in three consecutive phases. The first phase was an association between an auditory stimulus and a food reward; the second phase a simple discrimination between two sounds of different frequency components, and the third phase a more complex discrimination involving both spectral and spatial sound dimensions. Auditory stimuli were bursts of complex sounds lasting 500 ms. Neuronal activity related to the behaviourally relevant stimuli was established in 20 "learning" rats undergoing this protocol, which were progressively sacrificed at the beginning, middle and end of each phase. For comparison, activity was also established in four "control" rats exposed to the same stimuli delivered pseudo-randomly, thus carrying no behavioural meaning. Neuronal activity was assessed immunocytochemically using the functional marker Fos. To establish a baseline, two rats were unexposed to controlled acoustic stimulation ("unstimulated" rats). In the superior olivary complex (SOC), inferior colliculus (IC) and medial geniculate body (MGB), the number of Fos-like immunopositive cells was comparable in "learning" and "control" animals, but higher than in the "unstimulated" rats. In the auditory cortex (AC), most prominently in the secondary area Te2, the number of Fos-like positive cells differed between "learning" and "control" rats, suggesting that the auditory cortical areas may be involved in the encoding of the behavioural significance of the acoustic stimuli.     

肥胖儿童社会适应能力与行为问题的配对研究

目的：研究肥胖儿童在社会适应及行为方面是否校非肥胖儿童存在更多的问题。方法：应用儿童行为量表（CBCL）对104名9～11岁的肥胖儿童及1：1配对的104名一般儿童进行测试。结果：肥胖儿童的社会适应能力差,其行为问题的发生率（24.0％）显著高于对照组儿童（8.7％）（P＜0.01）。行为问题的表现存在性别差异,肥胖男孩以抑郁和社交退缩为主,肥胖女孩以体诉和违纪为主。结论：肥胖在一定程度上对儿童的心理行为的发育产生了不良影响,应引起足够的重视。     

反复心理应激对大鼠儿茶酚胺和酪氨酸代谢的影响

采用ＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎＢｏｘ大鼠模型研究了反复心理应激对大鼠儿茶酚胺（ＣＡ）和酪氨酸（Ｔｙｒ）代谢的影响,及补充Ｔｙｒ的作用。实验发现：反复心理应激使心理应激组（Ｓ组）和心理应激补充Ｔｙｒ组（ＳＴ组）第１、３、７ｄ２４ｈ尿ＣＡ排出量高于对照组（Ｃ组）（Ｐ＜００５）;而第１４ｄＳＴ组血浆和脑匀浆Ｔｙｒ含量分别高于Ｓ组和Ｃ组（Ｐ＜００１）。反复心理应激７ｄ时,Ｓ组大鼠旷场试验得分低于Ｃ组（Ｐ＜００５）,产生行为缺陷,而补充Ｔｙｒ使ＳＴ组大鼠旷场试验得分降低有所减轻。     

健康教育行为干预对降低小学生肠道寄生虫感染率的研究

为研究健康教育行为干预对降低小学生肠道寄生虫感染率的效果,探讨小学生肠道寄生虫病的防治方法,在苍山县随机选取860名小学生进行为期2年的研究.单纯健康教育行为干预组、行为干预加驱虫组、单纯驱虫组及对照组,肠道寄生虫感染率实验前分别为64.13%、61.23%、63.12%和60.70%,实验后分别为41.67%、26.52%、53.57%和60.61%.结果表明:健康教育行为干预对降低小学生肠道寄生虫感染率具有重要作用;健康教育行为干预加针对性驱虫是控制小学生肠道寄生虫感染的最佳模式.     

Effects of drugs of abuse on acquisition of behavioral chains in squirrel monkeys

The acute effects of various drugs of abuse on the acquisition of chains of behavior were assessed in squirrel monkeys trained to respond on three keys for food. Each new session the monkeys acquired a different four-response chain by responding sequentially on three keys in the presence of four different stimuli. Incorrect responses inactivated the keys and darkened the chamber for 10 s (time-out). Dose-effect curves were obtained by administering the drugs intramuscularly before the session and recording their effects on the rate and accuracy of responding. Cocaine,d-amphetamine, and ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol all decreased the accuracy and rate of responding within the dose range of 0.56–3 mg/kg. The highest dose of morphine tested (3 mg/kg) produced parallel decreases in the accuracy and rate of responding in some monkeys but had no effect at lower doses. These drugs decreased within-session accuracy though clearly acquisition did occur, but high doses of caffeine (30 and 56 mg/kg) prevented acquisition and recovery of performance and, furthermore, at 30 mg/kg these effects were observed in the absence of decreases in the rate of responding. The drugs of abuse tested all produced dose-related decreases in both the accuracy and rate of responding, and the decreases in accuracy were primarily observed only at doses that also decreased response rates. Therefore, based on these results from nonhuman primates each of these drugs has the potential to alter learning particularly when doses that disrupt other behaviors are administered.