A randomised trial of bilateral erector spinae plane block vs. no block for thoracolumbar decompressive spinal surgery

Major spinal surgery causes significant postoperative pain. We tested the efficacy and safety of bilateral erector spinae block on quality of recovery and pain after thoracolumbar decompression. We randomly allocated 60 adults to standard care or erector spinae block. Erector spinae block improved the mean (SD) quality of recovery-15 score at 24 postoperative hours, from 119 (20) to 132 (14), an increase (95%CI) of 13 (4–22), p = 0.0044. Median (IQR [range]) comprehensive complication index was 1 (0–3 [0–5]) in the control group vs. 1 (0–1 [0–4]) after block, p = 0.4. Erector spinae block reduced mean (SD) area under the curve pain during the first 24 postoperative hours: at rest, from 78 (49) to 50 (39), p = 0.018; and on sitting, from 125 (51) to 91 (50), p = 0.009. The cumulative mean (SD) oxycodone consumption to 24 h was 27 (18) mg in the control group and 19 (26) mg after block, p = 0.20. In conclusion, erector spinae block improved recovery and reduced pain for 24 h after thoracolumbar decompression surgery.     

Covid-19 Pandemic: Resumption of Orthopedic Care and Medical Education

Covid-19 is a respiratory disease caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first identified in Wuhan, China (December 2019). The disease rapidly crossed the barrier of countries, continents and spread globally. Non-pharmaceutical measures such as social distancing, face mask, frequent hand washing and use of sanitizer remained the best available option to prevent the spread of disease. OPD, IPD admissions, elective O. Ts were curtailed. Orthopedic care was only limited to emergency and semi-urgent procedures like necrotizing fasciitis, open fracture, and compartment syndrome. These measures were taken to preserve infrastructure and manpower to manage covid-19 pandemic. The children were thought to have a low susceptibility to covid-19 as compared to an adult. Deferring the patient during pandemic has led to high orthopedic disease burden, morbidity and disease-related sequelae, hence elective care must be resumed with modified hospital infrastructure. Resumption of elective/emergent orthopedic care should be slow, phasic and strategic, much similar to unlocking. Cases must be stratified depending on covid status and severity. Dedicated O.Ts with neutral/negative pressure and HEPA filter for covid positive and suspected patients are to be used. All symptomatic and suspected patients should be investigated for covid-19 by RT-PCR, blood counts and CT scan. Regional anaesthesia should be preferred to General anaesthesia. Power drill/saw/burr/pulse lavage should be minimized to avoid aerosol generation. Postoperatively continuous surveillance and monitoring to be done for covid related symptoms. Medical institutes rapidly shifted to the online mode of education. Blended learning (virtual & physical) and imparting skills have to be continued in post covid phase with equitable distribution of teaching hours to students of different years.     

A Cross-Sectional Study on Novel-Risk Factors Associated with Supraspinatus Tendon Tear

Background and AimSeveral patient-related factors have been identified which are responsible for the development of rotator cuff tears. The purpose of the study was to assess various parameters which can be risk factors for the development of supraspinatus tendon tear.MethodsA total of 100 patients with symptomatic rotator cuff tear, aged > 18 years, of either gender, presenting to the outpatient department were included in this cross-sectional study. Magnetic resonance imaging was done and based on its results; patients were identified for the type of tear. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical factors affecting the tears were assessed using logistic regression analysis.ResultsFactors such as age, gender, pain radiation, night pain, and analgesic intake had significant association with supraspinatus tendon tears.Conclusion“Pain radiation” and “Analgesic intake” were two new parameters found associated with the supraspinatus tendon tears. New parameters that have been assessed as risk factors will help in better understanding of supraspinatus tendon tears.     

紫菀的研究进展及质量标志物预测分析

紫菀是临床常用的化痰止咳要药,始载于《神农本草经》。紫菀化学成分丰富,主要包括萜类及其苷、肽类、黄酮、蒽醌、香豆素、有机酸、酚类、甾醇、挥发油及苯丙素类等。现代药理学研究表明,紫菀在抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗氧化等方面也具有显著的药理活性。对紫菀的资源分布、化学成分、药理活性研究进展进行综述,并依据质量标志物的概念及确定原则对紫菀的质量标志物进行预测分析,以期为紫菀质量标准的深入研究提供参考。     

基于UPLC对龙血通络胶囊特征图谱及5个成分含量的测定

目的 建立龙血通络胶囊超高效液相色谱法（UPLC）特征图谱,并测定7,4′-二羟基黄酮、4,4′-二羟基-2,6-二甲氧基二氢查耳酮、龙血素A、龙血素B、紫檀芪5个成分的含量。方法 采用Agilent Infinity Lab Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈色谱柱（150 mm×3.0 mm,2.7 μm）,以乙腈（A）-0.1%磷酸水溶液（B）为流动相梯度洗脱,柱温为35 ℃,流速为0.5 mL·min^–1,进样体积为2 μL,检测波长为280 nm。结果 建立了龙血通络胶囊UPLC特征图谱,标定了13批样品中的11个共有特征峰,相似度均大于0.95。5个成分在相应质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系（r>0.999 5）,加样回收率为97.93%~107.33%,RSD均小于3.0%。结论 建立的UPLC操作简便、高效准确,可为龙血通络胶囊的质量控制提供参考。     

和胃安神方对失眠模型大鼠5-羟色胺、多巴胺及去甲肾上腺素水平的影响

目的：探讨和胃安神方对失眠模型大鼠下丘脑5-羟色胺（5-HT）、多巴胺（DA）和去甲肾上腺素（NE）水平的影响。方法：将60只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为6组,即正常对照组、失眠模型组、地西泮组、和胃安神方低剂量组、和胃安神方中剂量组、和胃安神方高剂量组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测各组大鼠下丘脑组织5-HT、DA、NE的水平。结果：与正常对照组比较,失眠模型组大鼠5-HT水平显著下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05),DA、NE水平较正常对照组显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05);与失眠模型组比较,地西泮组、和胃安神方低剂量组5-HT、DA、NE水平差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);和胃安神方中剂量组、和胃安神方高剂量组5-HT水平均较失眠模型组显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),DA、NE水平较失眠模型组显著下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05)。结论：和胃安神方治疗失眠症的疗效机制可能与调节脑内5-HT、DA、NE水平有关。     

HPLC analysis of 16 compounds from Artemisia ordosica

Objective: To establish a high-performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) for the simultaneous determination of sixteen compounds from Artemisia ordosica. Methods: HPLC was used to analyze 16 quality indicators of A. ordosica. The HPLC conditions were as follows: Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile (A)-water (B) as mobile phase, gradient elution: 0?10 min, 75%?65% B; 10?30 min, 65%?35 % B; and finally 30?40 min, 35%?15% B. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was 40 °C, the injection volume was 10 μL, and monitored by absorbance at 285 nm for compounds 1?10, 12 and 225 nm for compounds 11, 13?16. Results: Under the selected experimental chromatographic conditions, compounds 1?16 showed good linearity (r > 0.9993) in a wide concentration range. Their average recoveries were 99.50%, 95.38%, 97.75%, 96.00%, 98.20%, 97.50%, 95.50%, 99.33%, 96.75%, 96.50%, 98.50%, 97.83%, 99.20%, 95.33%, 97.33% and 96.30%, respectively, and the RSD were 1.99%, 1.81%, 1.63%, 1.98%, 1.67%, 1.92%, 1.74%, 1.67%, 1.90%, 1.72%, 1.88%, 1.83%, 1.79%, 1.76%, 1.81% and 1.96%, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of the HPLC analysis, it was concluded that p-hydroxycinnamic acid (1), O-hydroxycinnamic acid (2), coniferyl alcohol (5), 5,4''-dihydroxy-7,3''-dimethoxyflavanone (8), 5,4''-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (9), 5-hydroxy-7,4''-dimethoxyflavanone (12), dehydrofalcarindiol (13), arteordoyn A (14), dehydrofalcarinol (15) and capillarin (16) are best suited for the role of quality indicators of A. ordosica grown in different ecological environments.     

基于熵权法评价干燥方法对经典名方华盖散基准样品质量属性的影响

目的 优选经典名方华盖散基准样品的干燥方法。方法 采用真空干燥、真空带式干燥、喷雾干燥、冷冻干燥方法制备华盖散基准样品,应用扫描电子显微镜、差式扫描量热分析、HPLC等方法测定基准样品的质量属性,以得粉率、玻璃化转变温度及成分含量转移率等为评价指标,运用熵权法对各指标赋予权重进行综合评价。结果 喷雾干燥基准样品粒子呈类球形、粒径最小,冷冻干燥基准样品不规则、蓬松、溶化性好。指标成分盐酸麻黄总碱、苦杏仁苷、橙皮苷、甘草苷、甘草酸转移率分别为85.66%～104.78%、90.81%～104.16%、91.42%～94.86%、83.98%～94.69%、87.85%～94.45%,指纹图谱相似度均大于0.9。结论 经综合评价得出冷冻干燥方法最佳,3批验证工艺重复性、可行性较好,为经典名方基准样品质量属性研究提供了理论依据和实践价值。     

2-异丁基苹果酸葡萄糖氧基苄酯类对照提取物在白及质量控制中的应用研究

目的 建立以2-异丁基苹果酸葡萄糖氧基苄酯类对照提取物为对照的白及质量控制方法。方法 采用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C₁₈(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,流动相为0.05%磷酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B),梯度洗脱,柱温35℃,体积流量0.15 mL/min,进样体积为2μL,检测波长为220 nm。分别采用对照品法和对照提取物法测定17批白及饮片中1,4-二[4-(葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸酯-2-葡萄糖苷(2-O-葡萄糖基白及苷)、1-[4-(葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸酯(手参苷Ⅰ)、1,4-二[4-(葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸-2-(6-O-乙酰基)葡萄糖苷(手参苷Ⅲ)、1,4-二[4-(葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸酯(白及苷)4个成分的含量,并进行比较。结果 2-异丁基苹果酸葡萄糖氧基苄酯类对照提取物中2-O-葡萄糖基白及苷、手参苷Ⅰ、手参苷Ⅲ、白及苷线性关系良好(r≥0.999 9),进样精密度RSD值在0.001%～0.58%,重复性RSD值在0.27%～0.53%,4种成分的加样回收率在98....