Prevalence of vibration-induced white finger and assessment of vibration exposure among travertine workers in Italy

Summary Among 76 stonedrillers and stonecutters/chippers working in the Rapolano travertine quarries (Tuscany, Italy), 27 subjects (35.5%) were affected with vibration-induced white finger (VWF). The median latent period for VWF was ten years (range 0.1–26 years). A VWF prevalence of 8% was found among 60 comparable controls (P < 0.0001). Vibration measurements showed that the frequency-weighted accelerations for two rock-drills and two small chipping hammers ranged from 19.7 to 36.4 m/s². Weighted accelerations between 2.4 and 4.1 m/s². were measured on the handles of a vertical grinder and a hand cutter. Vibration data, daily exposure time and total duration of exposure period were used to calculate two indicators of vibration dose such as the four-hour, energy-equivalent, frequency-weighted acceleration (m/s²) and the vibration exposure level (dB). A significant association between the vibration exposure level and the severity of VWF stages was observed among the travertine operators. The dose-effect relationship proposed by ISO 5349 was not suitable for the data of the present study because it overestimates the risk due to hand-transmitted vibration in the travertine workers. Finally, the results of a cold test indicated that the rewarming time of fingertips to room temperature was more prolonged in the operators with VAT than in those without VWF and in the controls.     

强化输血管理保障安全用血

目的　探讨强化输血管理 ,保障安全用血的有效措施。方法　①强化法制观念 ;②完善管理制度 ;③提高技术水平 ;④协调供需矛盾 ;⑤健全组织完善设施 ;⑥加强宣教合理用血。结果　完善了科室的管理 ,杜绝了输血工作的隐患 ,减少了医患矛盾 ,提高了输血的诊治水平。结论　保障了输血安全 ,使输血工作走上科学、规范的轨道 ,收到良好的社会效益     

医疗器械造成医疗事故原因分析

造成医疗事故的原因多,其中间分原因是由于医疗器械方面的原因。从医疗器械的设计注册,生产制造,使用管理等几方面分析造成医疗事故,并应注意事项。     

论公费医疗大额死亡病例的资源消耗与医学目的

从北京市公费医疗大额消耗的９２例死亡病例的费用结构及住院城数的统计，提示由住院日地长，贵重卫生资源的盲目过量投入等而致。这与中国国情不符。因此，医学目的概念应更新，以及应如何正确对待死亡病例的医疗服务值得进行讨论。     

将素质教育理念贯穿在生化课教学中的探索

为适应知识经济时代对医学人才培养的要求,应将素质教育引入生化教学中。本文从提高教师综合素质,生化课堂教学、第二课堂教育,多媒体应用等方面入手,探索在生化课教学中提高学生素质的有效途径,以全面提高教学质量,实现对医学人才的培养目标。     

Max Brödel (1870–1941): his life and his role in the development of surgery

Summary. Max Br?del (1870–1941), from Leipzig, Germany, is often referred to in the USA as the father of modern medical illustration and mentioned in the same breath as Leonardo da Vinci or Andreas Vesal. After a classical formal art education in Leipzig he worked in Carl Ludwig's laboratory of physiology and anatomy, where he came in contact with American physicians. In 1894, the anatomist F. P. Mall convinced him to work for the recently inaugurated Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, where he collaborated with world-famous surgeons such as H. A. Kelly, W. S. Halsted, and H. Cushing. His illustrations were characterized by meticulous observation, both realistic and explanatory intention, technical superiority, and artistic merit. In 1911 he established the first “Department of Art as applied to Medicine”. Here, he proved to be an innovative artist, a creative scientist, and an inspiring and skillful instructor. By the time of Br?del's retirement in 1939, 160 students had graduated as medical illustrators. His pupils spread his principles and style throughout the USA and Canada, and several similar academic programs for medical illustration have been founded in these countries.      

某化工厂1987～2000年164例工伤事故调查分析

目的调查分析某化工厂工伤事故的分布规律及其危险因素,以便采取相应的预防干预措施。方法对1987～2000年该化工厂发生的工伤事故进行回顾性调查分析,建立数据库,并统计分析。结果 ①事故以轻伤为主,约占80.0％。②事故类别主要是灼烫烧伤和机械伤害,分别为工伤事故总数的35.8％、28.5％。③工伤伤害性质以骨折多见,约为总数的56.1％。④受伤工人的年龄分布以30～40岁段为主,约为总数的31.1％。⑤工伤事故原因中注意力不集中和违反操作规程分别为总数的43.0％,38.3％。结论12根据上述流行病学特点,采取相应的措施来减少工伤事故的发生。     

如何做好主任查房

主任查房是医疗质量的重要保证。主任要做好查房工作，必须：１．思想重视。２．做好查房准备，其中包括选好病人，做到“三看”。３。认真组织，包括查房按时开始，注重三个目的和三个程序，即病历报告，看病人，讨论严格的查房纪律．４查房后要严格检查，包括检查病历，医嘱，病人，了解查房中的意见的记录，执行的情况以及新出现的问题，从而保证主任查房的效果。