The Management of Violence

ABSTRACT

This paper is a study of everyday violence by individuals and of how this can be managed in a residential place. Extreme violence-murder or a murderous attack-is not considered: it is rare, and when it takes place, makes certain steps necessary (for example, the instant removal of the violent person to somewhere totally containing and secure). I have not considered group violence in this paper either, because this subject needs to be thought about in its own right. Violence, together with the problems of aggressive children, is such a vast subject that I judged it best to select a particular sphere: management.     

无纸化电子病历管理制度研究

论述开展无纸化电子病历（electronic medical record,EMR）管理制度研究的意义,指出在建设无纸化EMR管理过程中面临的病历真实性、法律效力、雷同性、安全性以及缺漏错误等问题。针对问题进行解决方案的分析,提出制定安全管理制度、对病历质量进行全程监控、加强归档后的管理、制定备份和恢复机制、完善保密和授权制度、健全借阅管理、执行复印制度、加强对电子签名管理、实行惟一编号管理、强化人员综合素质培养等措施。     

“劲润”牙本质保护膜的牙本质粘结性能探讨

目的：探讨“劲润”牙本质保护膜（Hybrid Coat,HyC）的牙本质粘结性能。方法：选取A组（HyC）和其他3组不同类型的牙本质粘结剂：B组（G-Bond）、C组（MegaBond）和D组（single Bond）,比较其对牛牙牙本质的剪切粘结强度,并用实体显微镜观察粘结界面断裂模式。各组试料数分别为n=10,结果通过Tukey-Kramer（P〈0．05）进行统计学分析。结果：B、C、D组均显示了较大的粘结强度,3组之间无统计学差异。A组（HyC）显示了较低的粘结强度,约10．08MPa,与其他3组之间存在显著性差异。断裂模式显示,A组（HyC）以界面破坏为主,而其他3组以凝集破坏和混合破坏为主。结论：本研究结果提示,“劲润”牙本质保护膜（HyC）的粘结强度弱于其他3组牙本质粘结剂。为了保证HyC长期稳定的防过敏效果及粘结性能,在今后的研究中有必要进一步探讨如何提高HyC的牙本质粘结性能。     

全方向M型超声检测左室局部舒张功能——一种新的检测方法和指标的研究

目的 :研究全方向M型超声心动图检测心脏局部舒张功能。材料和方法 :高血压伴舒张功能减退 17例和正常对照 17例。用国产LEJ -1全方向M型心动图系统测定胸骨旁左室短轴乳头肌平面 6个室壁节段心内膜运动曲线的收缩期最大运动速度 (VS)和舒张早期运动速度 (VD)并计算二者的比值 (VD/VS)。结果 :两组间VS无明显差异 (p >0 .0 5 ) ,病变组VD、VD/VS较正常组低 (p <0 .0 1)。VD和VD/VS与左室整体舒张功能指标呈中度相关。以VD/VS≤ 1.2作为诊断舒张功能正常和异常的界限 ,特异性为 87% ,敏感性为 83 %。结论 :全方向M型超声心动图检测Vd/Vs可作为一种新的评估左心室局部舒张功能的简易定量指标     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术致胆管的热力损伤

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术致胆管热力损伤的原因、特点、处理及预防方法。方法回顾总结我院1992-2002年间收治的腹腔镜胆囊切除术致胆管热力损伤的8例临床资料。结果6例表现为穿孔性损伤：右肝管损伤1例，肝总管损伤4例，胆总管损伤1例，经过1次或1次以上手术治疗后痊愈；2例表现为延迟性胆管狭窄，均为肝总管损伤，再次手术后痊愈。随访1．5～9年，无胆管狭窄。结论与机械性胆管损伤相比，腹腔镜胆囊切除术致胆管热力损伤具有一定的特点，且其病情复杂、处理困难、处理方法灵活多样；娴熟的腹腔镜技术、正确掌握中转开腹指征以及丰富的胆道外科经验是预防和处理胆道热力损伤的关键。     

Enhanced default mode network connectivity with ventral striatum in subthreshold depression individuals

Subthreshold depression (StD) is a highly prevalent condition associated with increased service utilization and social morbidity. Nevertheless, due to limitations in current diagnostic systems that set the boundary for major depressive disorder (MDD), very few brain imaging studies on the neurobiology of StD have been carried out, and its underlying neurobiological mechanism remains unclear. In recent years, accumulating evidence suggests that the disruption of the default mode network (DMN), a network involved in self-referential processing, affective cognition, and emotion regulation, is involved in major depressive disorder. Using independent component analysis, we investigated resting-state default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity (FC) changes in two cohorts of StD patients with different age ranges (young and middle-aged, n = 57) as well as matched controls (n = 79). We found significant FC increase between the DMN and ventral striatum (key region in the reward network), in both cohorts of StD patients in comparison with controls. In addition, we also found the FC between the DMN and ventral striatum was positively and significantly associated with scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), a measurement of depressive symptomatology. We speculate that this enhanced FC between the DMN and the ventral striatum may reflect a self-compensation to ameliorate the lowered reward function.     

Proximal femoral fractures: Principles of management and review of literature

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to review the principles involved in the management of proximal femoral fractures as reported in the literature. Methods: A medical literature search in the MEDLINE (PubMed) and Cochrane database was undertaken to review strategies and principles in proximal femoral fracture treatment. Randomized control trials and meta analysis were given preference while case reports/small series were rejected. Results and conclusions: Early anatomical reduction and surgical fixation remains the best option to reduce the risk of complications like non-union and avascular necrosis in treating fracture neck femurs. Cancellous screws continue to be the preferred treatment for fixation of neck femur fractures in younger population until the benefit of using sliding hip screws is validated by large multicentric studies. In the geriatric age group, early prosthetic replacement brings down the mortality and morbidity associated with neck femur fractures. Sliding hip screw (DHS) is the best available option for stable inter trochanteric fractures. The use of intramedullary nails e.g. PFN is beneficial in treating inter trochanteric fractures with comminution and loss of lateral buttress. Intramedullary implants have been proven to have increased success rates in subtrochanteric fractures and should be preferred over extramedullary plate fixation systems.     

胰腺囊性肿瘤认知误区及应对策略——2018版《欧洲胰腺囊性肿瘤循证指南》解读

胰腺囊性肿瘤（PCN）是病理特征差异较大的一类疾病,分为良性、恶性及交界恶性,国内外各项指南就如何规范管理提出了相应的专家共识并不断更新完善。本文对2018版《欧洲胰腺囊性肿瘤循证指南》要点进行了解读,该指南是第一部以循证依据为基础制定的胰腺囊性肿瘤诊治、随访的策略,本文将对其核心内容进行总结及分析,旨在提供借鉴,改善我国PCN的诊断和管理。     

对接应用型护理人才培养的融通式教学模式下教育环境评估

目的比较和分析对接应用型护理人才培养的融通式教学模式和“以学科为中心”传统教学模式下的教育环境的差异。方法选择2017级护理本科生57人为实验组,实施融通式教学模式;选择2016级护理本科生44人为对照组,开展“以学科为中心”的传统教学模式。采用教育环境评估量表(dundee ready education environment measure,DREEM)评估两种教学模式下护理教育环境。结果两组教育环境评价总分都达到较好的标准:实验组教育环境评价总分(144.67±23.16)高于对照组(135.30±16.12),且差异具有统计学意义(P=0.019);在教育环境的5个维度中,实验组学习知觉、环境知觉和社交知觉维度得分均高于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对接应用型护理人才培养的融通式教学改革可有效改善教育环境,增强学生自主学习能力,显著提高教学效果。     

新形势下医疗机构临床医学工程师KAQ人才培养模式探索

目的面对大量先进的医疗器械的应用以及临床医学工程师的传统培养模式不适应于医学发展的情况,为适应医学发展,提出KAQ人才培养创新模式。方法根据分析医工人员的现状及在医院中的作用地位,提出KAQ人才创新模式培养的必要性,并分别从建立组织管理机构、培训体系的构建和绩效考核评审等多方面考虑,具体对临床医学工程师的培养模式提出创新性建议。结果临床医学工程师在知识、能力、素质和创新方面齐头并进,有利于发挥自身作用和能力,解决医疗器械设备的实际问题,保障医疗质量安全、效率和效益,打造服务于医院医学装备的优秀医工人员。结论新形势下,将KAQ人才培养模式创造性的应用于临床工程师的培养,并加以创新运用,从而使临床工程师能全面提高自身价值,支持临床工作。