细脚拟青霉多糖对抗四氯化碳诱导的急性肝损伤

目的：观察细脚拟青霉粗多糖（cPtPs）及其纯化多糖（PtPs）对四氯化碳（CCl4）诱导大鼠急性肝坏死的影响。方法：将Wistar大鼠分为4组（对照组、CCl4组、cPtPs +CCl4组和PtPs +CCl4组），分别用生理盐水、cPtPs和PtPs灌胃15 d，最后2 d，腹腔注射CCl4，16 h后全自动生化分析仪检测血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、总胆红素（TBIL）、直接胆红素（DBIL）和间接胆红素（IBIL）；肝组织苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察病变程度；黄嘌呤氧化酶法和硫代巴比妥酸法分别检测肝匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）；甲基百里香酚蓝比色法测定肝细胞线粒体中Ca2+ 浓度；免疫组织化学法检测肝组织中α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）的表达。结果：与对照组比较，CCl4组血清中ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL和IBIL的含量显著增加（P＜0.05），HE染色肝组织变性坏死累及全小叶。与CCl4组比较，PtPs+CCl4组血清中ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL和IBIL的含量显著下降（P＜0.05）；PtPs +CCl4组HE染色病变程度较轻，变性坏死局限于肝小叶的Ⅲ区；PtPs +CCl4组胞浆中SOD活性提高， MDA水平降低（P＜0.05）；PtPs +CCl4组和cPtPs +CCl4组线粒体中Ca2+ 浓度均下降（分别为P＜0.05，P＜0.01）；PtPs +CCl4组α-SMA在肝组织的坏死区几乎无表达。结论：PtPs能显著减轻CCl4诱导的肝损伤，可能与PtPs抗脂质过氧化作用相关，效果优于cPtPs。     

Screening assays for immunologic infertility: a comparison study.

Because the immunobead antisperm antibody test (IBT) is difficult to learn and results are heavily operator-dependent, we compared findings on IBT with those of SpermMAR and SpermCheck in 58 patients to determine whether the latter two tests could demonstrate improved screening ability. Assays performed on both sperm and serum (i.e., direct and indirect) yielded 100% positive predictive values when IBT was used as the standard. Both SpermCheck and SpermMAR are easier to perform, and, as the former has a slightly greater sensitivity, we recommend SpermCheck for the detection of immunologic infertility.     

The effects of environmental constraints upon licking patterns

Rats licked water under three degrees of environmental constraint. As restriction decreased, lick duration increased. Interlick interval changed independently of duration. Lickometer-measured drinking tube contact was longer than fluid contact unless access was highly restricted. The use of controlled access to measure minimal necessary taste input is discussed.     

大鼠脑缺血再灌注后脑皮质电图及海马电图功率值的动态变化及中药9602的影响

目的:观察选择性易损脑区缺血后皮层电图(ECoG)和海马电图(EHG)相对功率随时间的动态变化及中药9602的影响。方法:采用慢性埋植皮层及海马电极的方法,研究大鼠脑缺血再灌注后ECoG与EHG的变化过程。结果:大鼠ECoG额区各频段及总功率8h时普遍低于假手术组,24h时回升,72h后逐渐降低;枕区在72h时θ频段开始下降;7d时各频段及总功率均明显低于假手术组。EHG的θ、α及总功率在脑缺血后8h、24h、72h均已明显低于假手术组;7d时各频段及总功率与假手术组差异非常显著。9602及阳性药组脑缺血后ECoG和EHG功率值均明显高于模型组。结论:脑缺血再灌注后ECoG、EHG功率逐渐下降,可能与脑缺血后DND的发生关系密切。9602明显阻止脑缺血后ECoG和EHG功率的下降,可能与其神经保护作用有关。     

缺血预适应对大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及bcl-2、bax蛋白表达的影响

目的：探讨缺血预适应对大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及bcl-2、bax蛋白表达的影响。方法：以DNA电泳和TUNEL分析检测大鼠心肌组织的细胞凋亡情况，免疫组织化学方法检测bcl-2、bax蛋白的表达。结果：缺血再灌注组缺血区心肌DNA电泳呈现典型的DNA梯形，而缺血预适应组和假手术对照组未见梯形。缺血预适应组心肌细胞凋亡指数显著低于缺血再灌注组（P<0.01）。Bcl-2在各组均无阳性表达，bax在各组表达无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论：缺血预适应显著减少了缺血再灌注诱导的心肌细胞凋亡程度。     

抗巨噬细胞移动抑制因子抗体在油酸致急性肺损伤发病中的干预作用

目的:探讨抗巨噬细胞移动抑制因子单克隆抗体(anti-MIFMAb)在油酸诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)中的干预作用,及其对巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)和细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)表达的影响。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠静脉注射油酸复制ALI为油酸组,静脉注射生理盐水为对照组,大鼠先给予抗-MIF单抗腹腔注射后再给予油酸静脉注射为抗-MIF单抗干预组。静注后4h,3组大鼠分别测定动脉血氧分压(PaO₂),肺泡通透指数等肺损伤指标;用ELISA法测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1(sICAM-1)水平;用原位杂交检测MIF和ICAM-1mRNA表达水平;用免疫组化双重套染方法检测巨噬细胞浸润程度与MIF表达的关系。结果:油酸组PaO₂低于对照组和干预组,肺通透性指数高于对照组和干预组(P<0.01),BALF中sICAM-1水平显著高于对照组和干预组(P<0.01)。油酸组肺组织MIF和ICAM-1表达明显高于对照组和干预组(P<0.01),经抗-MIF单抗干预ICAM-1表达变化不明显,但MIF表达显著下调,巨噬细胞浸润减少且肺损伤指标改善。结论:MIF和ICAM-1在介导巨噬细胞对组织的粘附、浸润和ALI的发生发展中起重要作用,抗-MIF单抗主要通过阻断MIF表达,减少巨噬细胞浸润而起肺保护作用。     

A new animal model of binge eating: key synergistic role of past caloric restriction and stress

Dieting and stress are important in the etiology and maintenance of eating disorders, and dieting strongly predicts stress-induced overeating in humans. We hypothesized that caloric restriction and stress interact in a unique manner to promote binge eating. To test this hypothesis, a group of young female rats were cycled through a restriction period (4 days of 66% of control food intake) followed by 6 days of free feeding prior to being stressed by acute foot shock. After three of these cycles, the food intake of rats exposed only to restriction (R), or only to stress (S), did not differ from controls. However, R+S rats that were restricted and refed, despite normal body weight and food intake after free feeding, engaged in a powerful bout of hyperphagia when stressed (Experiment 1). The R + S effect was replicated in an older group of rats (Experiment 2). The hyperphagia was characteristically binge-like, it constituted a 40% selective increase in highly palatable (HP) food (P < .001) over a discrete period of time (within 24 h post-stress), and reflected feeding for reward (higher HP:chow ratio) over metabolic need as occurred after restriction (higher chow:HP ratio). Subsequent experiments revealed that binge eating did not occur if only chow was available (Experiment 3) or if restriction-refeeding (R-R) did not proximally precede stress (Experiment 4). Experiment 5 revealed that a history of R-R cycles followed by only one stress episode was sufficient to increase intake to 53% above controls as early as 2 h after stress (P < .001). This animal model of binge eating should facilitate investigations into the neurochemical changes induced by dieting and environmental stress to produce disordered eating and provide a preclinical tool to test preventive strategies and treatments more relevant to bulimia nervosa, multiple cases of binge eating disorder (BED) and binge-purge type anorexia nervosa.     

磷脂酶A2活性与慢性常压低氧性肺动脉高压关系的研究

目的:研究磷脂酶A₂(PLA₂)活性及其相关炎症介质在大鼠慢性常压低氧性肺动脉高压形成中的作用。方法:29只健康SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、单纯低氧组和低氧加白藜芦醇苷(PD)组。右心导管法检测大鼠肺动脉压力(mPAP),观察右室/左室+室间隔比值(R/L+S)、血浆和肺匀浆中PLA₂、血栓素B₂(TXB₂)、6-酮-前列腺素F_1α(6-k-PGF_1α)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平的变化。结果:低氧3周后大鼠mPAP、R/L+S、血浆及肺匀浆中PLA₂活性、TXB₂、MDA含量显著升高;6-k-PGF_1α、SOD水平下降。用PD预处理后可减轻上述变化。结论:PLA₂通过相关炎症介质及与自由基的相互作用在慢性低氧性肺动脉高压的形成中起着重要的介导作用。     

金属硫蛋白抑制同型半胱氨酸诱导的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖

目的:研究金属硫蛋白(MT)对同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)诱导大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(vascularsmoothmusclecells,VSMCs)增殖的影响及其作用机制。方法:以[³H]-TdR掺入法测定VSMCs增殖程度,免疫沉淀法测定VSMCs内丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)活性,[¹⁰⁹Cd]-血红蛋白饱和法测定MT含量,硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量,NADH氧化法测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出量。结果:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4mmol/L)呈浓度依赖性的刺激培养大鼠VSMCs[³H]-TdR掺入,0.1mmol/LHcy刺激[³H]-TdR掺入比对照组高4.2倍(P＜0.01)。Hcy亦呈浓度依赖性地激活VSMCsMAPK活性、增加细胞MDA的生成和LDH的漏出(P均<0.01)。单独MT孵育,对VSMCs的上述指标均无明显影响(P＞0.05)。但MT(10^-6-10^-4mol/L)呈浓度依赖性抑制100μmol/LHcy的促增殖效应(r=0.98,P＜0.01)。MT显著抑制Hcy对VSMCs的MAPK活性、MDA生成和LDH漏出的激活作用(均P＜0.01)。以0.5mmol/LZnCl₂预孵育6h后,VSMCsMT含量比非诱导细胞高5.7倍(P＜0.01),这种内源性MT高表达的细胞,显著抵抗Hcy刺激的-TdR掺入和MAPK激活;抑制Hcy的促细胞MDA生成与LDH漏出效应(均P＜0.01)。结论:MT能有效抑制Hcy促大鼠VMSCs增殖作用,其机制可能与MT拮抗Hcy对MAPK的激活和其抗氧化作用有关。     

一氧化氮合酶2抑制剂对大鼠心肌梗死后左心室形态及心功能的影响

目的：观察选择性一氧化氮合酶2（NOS2）抑制剂S-甲基硫脲（SMT）对心肌梗死（MI）后左心室形态学和血流动力学指标的影响，探讨NOS2在MI后心功能障碍形成过程中的作用。方法： 于大鼠冠状动脉结扎前30 min给予SMT灌胃，6周后测定左心室形态学和血流动力学指标、心肌NOS2表达量、血浆NO2-/NO3-水平、心肌纤维化程度。结果： MI后6周，心脏非梗死区NOS2表达量、血浆NO2-/NO3-水平、中心静脉压和左室舒张末压高于对照组。使用SMT可降低血浆NO2-/NO3-水平［(26.6±6.1） μmol/L vs （50.1±10.4） μmol/L, P＜0.01］，减少心肌梗死范围（36.0%±7.2% vs 42.6%±8.6%, P＜0.05），减轻心室扩张［LVD，（6.6±0.3） mm vs （7.2±0.3） mm, P＜0.01］，减小心肌细胞直径［(15.1±1.6） μm vs （16.9±2.3） μm, P＜0.05］，减轻心肌纤维化［CVF，4.1%±1.1% vs 5.7%±1.2%, P＜0.01］，降低中心静脉压［（0.9±0.3） mmHg vs （1.5±0.5） mmHg, P＜0.01］和左室舒张末压［（8.1±2.4） mmHg vs（13.4±3.1） mmHg, P＜0.01］，提高存活率（72.4% vs 39.3%, P＜0.05）。结论： 大鼠MI后，NOS2可能起促进心功能障碍形成的作用。抑制NOS2可以减轻心室重构，改善心功能。