Morphometric analysis of nasal shapes and angles in young adults

IntroductionThe size, angle, shape and type of nose are a signature indicating race, age and sex.ObjectiveDescribe and compare nasal angles, nose types, nostril models, and nasal profiles in young Turkish males and females.MethodsThe study group consisted of university students, 56 males and 59 females. Nasal measurements were obtained from all subjects, using anthropometric methods.ResultsThe nose types of females and males were 78% and 70% narrow nose, respectively. The means of females’ nasofrontal, nasal tip, nasolabial, and alar slope angles were 133.16° ± 8.88°; 77.91° ± 9.80°; 98.91° ± 10.01°, and 80.89° ± 8.33°, respectively. The means of males’ nasofrontal, nasal tip, nasolabial, and alar slope angles were 123.85° ± 13.23°; 82.16° ± 9.98°; 97.91° ± 8.78° and 85.98° ± 8.72°, respectively.ConclusionThe average values of the nose in this population may be used as a guide to plan corrective esthetic–cosmetic surgery and for burn scars of the nose.     

北京万寿路地区319例男性AR基因(CAG)n重复序列多态的研究

目的研究自然人群中老年男性雄激素受体(AR)基因CAG重复序列多态。方法使用DNA测序方法对319例老年男性AR基因外显子1 NH2端转录调节区内CAG重复序列长度进行测定。结果男性雄激素受体基因CAG重复数最短为8,最长为35。CAG重复数平均值为(22．70 ±3．66)。CAG重复数分布频率最多的为21(13．8％),22(15．7％),23(13．5％)和24(10．3％),共占 53．3％。结论自然人群中老年男性雄激素受体基因CAG重复序列呈现多态性,多数集中在21- 24,为进一步研究AR基因变异与疾病的关系提供依据。     

十一酸睾酮对雄性家兔髂动脉内膜损伤后的修复作用

目的观察十一酸睾酮对雄兔髂动脉内膜损伤后的修复作用。方法成熟雄性日本大耳白兔25只,随机分成5组,每组5只:假手术组(不切除睾丸和附睾)、模型组、小剂量组(手术后补充睾酮3mg/kg)、中剂量组(手术后补充睾酮6mg/kg)和大剂量组(手术后补充睾酮12mg/kg),后4组均切除双侧睾丸和附睾。所有动物手术后第14d行右侧髂动脉内皮剥脱术。手术后第7、14和第21d肌肉注射十一酸睾酮,假手术组和模型组肌注生理盐水。于不同时间测定血清总睾酮。第28d处死动物,取损伤血管段,应用扫描电镜和HE染色观察髂动脉内膜的修复情况。结果光镜下观察发现,模型组、小剂量组和中剂量组动脉内膜增生严重,大剂量组内膜增厚程度明显减低,接近假手术组。模型组、小剂量组和中剂量组的髂动脉内膜/中膜面积比值分别是1.25±0.10、0.90±0.10和0.74±0.11,明显高于假手术组(0.22±0.05;P<0.01)。大剂量组的髂动脉内膜/中膜面积比值为0.26±0.07,接近于假手术组(P>0.05)。扫描电镜观察发现,假手术组动物髂动脉内皮光滑,整齐连续,模型组几乎未见到有内皮细胞再生,小剂量组内皮有散在覆盖,中剂量组片状覆盖,大剂量组内皮细胞修复明显,排列趋于正常,偶有缺失。在手术后第28d大剂量组血清总睾酮水平接近假手术组,其它组在不同时间点均低于假手术组。结论生理水平的睾酮具有保护雄性家兔血管内皮,抑制动脉损伤后内膜增生的作用。     

Men’s health: time for a new approach

Background: Many men’s health outcomes are poor at the global level. Men have lower life and healthy life expectancies than women. They are more likely to die from cancer, cardiovascular disease, suicide, road traffic accidents and other major causes of death. They are more likely to smoke, drink alcohol excessively and eat a poor diet. In many countries and for many diseases, men use primary care services less effectively than women.

Objectives: The purpose of this article was to review the key data on men's health at the global level and explore explanations for men's outcomes, including health practices, use of services and health literacy and masculinities. The response of health organisations, the evidence of the impact of gender-sensitive interventions and the case for action on men's health were also considered.

Major findings: Despite the problems with men’s health, it has been largely overlooked by national and global health organisations. When organisations do focus on gender, action is usually targeted at women and girls rather than both sexes. There is an increasing body of evidence that sex-specific initiatives can also be effective.

Conclusions: If population health is to be improved, and if good health is a universal right, steps must be taken to improve men’s health as well as women’s. There is a role for male-targeted health policies (building on the lessons of national men’s health policies in Ireland, Brazil and Australia) as well as changes to service delivery. There is not a choice to be made between men’s health and women’s health: this need not be a zero sum game. Action is needed for both sexes and improving the health of men will also improve the health of women.     

不同体重指数男性不育患者促性腺激素及性激素水平研究

目的:探讨体重指数(BMI)对于男性精液、促性腺激素、性激素的影响.方法:随机抽取男性不育患者524例,根据BMI分成三组.即正常体重组179例,超重组219例,肥胖组126例.对不育患者进行精液常规分析,采用化学发光法测定促卵泡激素、促黄体生成素、睾酮、雌二醇水平.结果:肥胖组精液量(2.30±1.05) ml与正常体重组精液量(2.73±1.02)ml相比较,低于后者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).超重组精子活动率(55.10±20.53)％与正常体重组(49.80±24.47)％相比较,高于后者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但在前向运动精子率中超重组与正常体重组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).正常体重组睾酮水平(449.70±120.07) ng/dl,超重组(394.47±178.28) ng/dl,肥胖组(323.37±137.34) ng/dl,三组相比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随着BMI增加,各组睾酮逐渐下降.雌二醇虽有增加,但各组间差异无统计学意义.BMI与促黄体生成素水平呈负相关性(r=-0.17,P＜0.05).BMI与总睾酮水平呈明显负相关性(r=-0.31,P＜0.01),BMI与促卵泡生成素和雌激素水平无相关性.结论:肥胖男性不育患者在治疗中应补充雄激素,同时加强锻炼,健康饮食,减轻体重是治疗的重要部分.     

Napping during the night shift and recovery after work among hospital nurses

OBJECTIVE:

To analyze the association between the length of napping during the night shift and the recovery after work among nurses.

METHOD:

Cross-sectional epidemiological study involving 1940 nurses from 18 public hospitals in the City of Rio de Janeiro. A multidimensional and self-applied questionnaire was used with information about health, sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, health-related behaviors and housework. Multiple logistic regression was applied to identify the association, adjusted for confounding variables.

RESULTS:

The gross analyses showed 44%, 127% and 66% higher chances of a high level of recovery after work for nurses who sleep up to two hours, between 2.1 and 3 hours and 3.1 hours or more, respectively, when compared to the nurses who do not sleep. After adjusting for confounding variables, the association only continues significant for the group that sleeps 2.1 to 3 hours during the night shift (OR=1.79; 95%CI=1.33-2.41).

CONCLUSION:

The association between the length of napping and the high level of recovery after work, confirmed in the present results, can be included in the studies that aim to support more appropriate policies aimed at improving the workers'' work, life and health conditions, not only in nursing, but night-shift workers in general.     

A model of health care provider decision making about HPV vaccination in adolescent males

IntroductionIn the U.S., HPV vaccination of adolescent males remains low, despite the recommendation for routine vaccination. Although research has highlighted that health care provider (HCP) recommendation is very influential in HPV vaccine uptake, research on this topic in the male population is lacking. Accordingly, we used a qualitative approach to identify HCP knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding adolescent male HPV vaccination, one year, after routine vaccination of adolescent males was recommended.MethodA total of 20 U.S. pediatric HCPs participated in 20–30 min interviews about knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding male HPV vaccination. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and, analyzed using inductive content analysis.ResultsThe providers had been in practice for 1–35 years, 75% were female, and 75% were White. Opinions on HPV vaccination were shaped by knowledge/perception of the risks and benefits of vaccination. Although all providers frequently offered HPV vaccine to male patients, the strength and content of the offer varied greatly. Vaccination opinions determined what issues were emphasized in the vaccine offer (e.g., stressing herd immunity, discussing prevention of genital warts), while adolescent age influenced if and how they pitched their vaccine offer (e.g., HPV as a STI). Most providers agreed with the ACIP recommendations, however, several expressed that providers’ preexisting opinions might remain unchanged despite the recommendations. Consistent with the literature on determinants of HPV vaccination, providers believed that their own recommendation was a major factor in a family's decision to vaccinate. Barriers to vaccination included the “newness” and sexual nature of the vaccine, lack of insurance coverage, and the vaccine not being mandated.ConclusionsProviders’ opinions about, and approaches to offering, HPV vaccination to males were highly variable. Interventions designed to improve male HPV vaccination should focus on helping providers to routinely recommend the vaccine to all of their eligible patients, both males and females.     

卵母细胞发育和受精中的重编程及对雄原核重编程的影响

哺乳动物发育过程中细胞的重编程是当前细胞生物学、转化医学等领域研究的热点之一,因其在体细胞核移植、诱导多能干细胞及再生医学中的应用前景引起了广泛关注。表观遗传学修饰是重编程的主要内容,包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白翻译后修饰、基因组印迹、非编码RNA调控等,这些均可通过不同的机制调控基因组的表达。如卵母细胞发育与成熟过程伴随着基因组的从头甲基化、减数分裂相关基因的去甲基化和组蛋白翻译后的修饰等。此外,受精中,卵母细胞又与进入其中的雄原核发生相互作用,为雄原核基因组的去甲基化等过程提供重编程的环境。总结近年来关于卵母细胞发育和受精过程中重编程机制的研究进展及在胚胎发育中的意义,并探讨自然生殖状况下卵母细胞环境对外源性雄原核重编程的影响。