Hysterectomy in a male? A rare case report

INTRODUCTION

Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome is a rare form of male pseudo-hermaphroditism characterized by the presence of Mullerian duct structures in an otherwise phenotypically, as well as genotypically, normal man; only a few cases have been reported in the worldwide literature. A great variety of organs have been found in indirect inguinal hernial sacs.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

We report a case of 70 year old man, father of 4 children with unilateral cryptorchidism on the right side and left-sided obstructed inguinal hernia containing uterus and fallopian tube (that is, hernia uteri inguinalis; type I male form of persistent Mullerian duct syndrome) coincidentally detected during an operation for an obstructed left inguinal hernia.

DISCUSSION

PMDS is usually coincidently detected during surgical operation, as was in our case. However pre-operative ultrasonography, computerized tomography and MRI allow possible pre-operative diagnosis.³

CONCLUSION

In cases of unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism associated with hernia, as in our patient''s case, the possibility of PMDS should be kept in mind.     

Clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancer in BRCA-carriers and non-carriers in women 35 years of age or less

PurposeBreast cancer diagnosed in women 35 years of age or less accounts for <2% of all breast cancer cases. Clinical and pathologic characteristics of early onset breast cancer are not well defined in BRCA mutation carriers and non-carriers.Methods194 women diagnosed with breast cancer at 35 years of age or less who had BRCA1/2 mutation testing were included in the study. Logistic regression models were fit to determine the associations between clinical variables and BRCA status.ResultsThirty-two (17%) and 12 (6%) patients had BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, respectively. BRCA1-carriers had a higher likelihood of a positive family history (FH) of breast and/or ovarian cancer (P = 0.001), or first-degree relatives diagnosed with breast cancer at <50 years old (P = 0.001) compared to non-carriers. BRCA2-carriers were more likely to have a FH of male breast cancer compared to noncarriers (P = 0.02). Among BRCA2-carriers, the age at first full-term pregnancy was younger in ER-negative cases compared with ERpositive cases (19.5 vs. 28.5 years old; P = 0.01). BRCA1-carriers with a later age at menarche were more likely to have a later stage at diagnosis (P = 0.04). Non-carriers with a lower BMI were more likely to have lymph node involvement (P = 0.03).ConclusionsSeveral associations were identified between reproductive risk factors or BMI and disease characteristics. Further characterization may result in a better understanding of the trends in young onset breast cancer in BRCA-carriers and non-carriers.     

病毒感染与男性不育相关性研究进展

目前研究将病毒感染视为可能影响男性生育力的破坏性因素。男性生殖系统的炎症与不育相关。本文概述了影响男性生殖系统的主要病毒及其对生育力的有害影响。仍需进行大量研究以阐明不同类型的病毒在男性生殖系统中作用的机制,从而开发出更适宜的治疗方案。     

不育男性生殖道沙眼衣原体感染对精子核DNA碎片化指数的影响

目的探讨不育男性生殖道沙眼衣原体感染对精子核DNA碎片化指数的影响。方法选择2017年1月至2017年5月在成都市锦江区妇幼保健院生殖医学中心(成都西囡妇科医院)门诊初诊的117例生殖道沙眼衣原体感染的不育男性(感染组)和92例体检正常的男性(对照组),对两组的精液常规参数及精子核DNA完整性(以精子核DNA碎片化指数DFI表示)检测结果进行回顾性分析。结果⑴感染组的精子浓度低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.50);感染组的前向运动精子百分比低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.20);⑵与对照组相比,感染组的精子DFI值显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论生殖道感染沙眼衣原体的男性不育患者的精子核DNA损伤程度明显高于未感染者。精子核DNA碎片化指数可能是评估男性精液质量的独立指标。     

中药调控氧化应激治疗男性不育症实验研究进展

氧化应激(OS)是指机体遭受各种有害刺激时产生过多的活性氧自由基而无法及时清除,导致氧化系统和抗氧化系统平衡失调,引起组织或细胞功能紊乱和损伤的一种状态。OS与男性不育症(MI)关系密切,OS通过影响精子发生,损伤精子膜、脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)、线粒体,降低精子运动能力,加速细胞凋等途径使精子质量下降,导致MI。研究发现,单味中药的有效成分多糖类化合物(黄芪多糖、党参多糖、枸杞多糖、黄精多糖、山茱萸多糖、当归多糖、女贞子多糖、石斛多糖),黄酮类化合物(菟丝子总黄酮、槲皮素、紫云英苷、羊藿苷、金丝桃苷),皂苷类化合物(人参皂苷、蒺藜皂苷、薯蓣皂苷元),苯丙素类化合物(五味子甲素、姜黄素、白藜芦醇),环烯醚萜苷类化合物(桃叶珊瑚苷),氮苷类化合物(红景天苷),低聚糖类化合物(巴戟甲素),苯乙醇苷类化合物(肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷)多肽类化合物(牡蛎肽)具有抗氧化作用,可提升雄性动物MI模型的生殖功能。     

广西地区男性不育患者解脲支原体感染状况及治疗

目的了解广西地区男性不育患者解脲支原体（UU）的感染情况及其对精液质量的影响,并探讨有效的治疗方法.方法检测1 018例男性不育患者UU感染情况并行精液常规检测、分析;对UU阳性者分别应用克拉霉素、阿奇霉素、强力霉素治疗,对治疗效果及治疗前后精液质量进行对比分析.结果男性不育患者UU的感染率为35.4%,对照组为13.6%,两组比较差异有显著性（P＜0.05）;男性不育组UU阳性者精液液化时间延长,精子密度、活动率、活动力较UU阴性者下降,两组比较差异有显著性（P＜0.01）;UU阳性者用克拉霉素、阿奇霉素和强力霉素治疗的转阴率分别为89.2%、87.1%、56.8%;治疗后精液质量有一定程度改善.结论UU感染是造成男性不育的原因之一,合理用药可以有效控制UU感染,可提高精液质量.     

对比静心更年片和舒肝解郁胶囊对 男性更年期综合征患者的影响

目的：比较静心更年片和舒肝解郁胶囊治疗男性更年期综合征患者的临床疗效。方法：选取2017年1月至2018年12月西安市中医医院收治的男性更年期综合征患者68例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组34例,对照组予以舒肝解郁胶囊口服,观察组予以静心更年片口服。比较2组临床治疗效果、治疗前后症状评分、血清性激素、不良情绪。结果：观察组患者临床治疗有效率明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后2组患者精神心理症状、体能/血管舒缩症状、性功能症状评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分（HAMD）评分、血清总睾酮（TT）、游离睾酮（FT）、性激素结合球蛋白（SHBG）、促卵泡生成素（FSH）和促黄体生成素（LH）水平均明显优于治疗前（P<0.05）,且2组比较差异有统计学意义（P>0.05）;2组患者不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：与舒肝解郁胶囊比较,静心更年片更有助于提高男性更年期综合征患者血清性激素水平,改善患者精神心理、体能心血管状态以及性功能。     

补肾阳中药治疗促性腺激素缺乏型男性不育的网络分子机制初探

目的初探补肾阳中药治疗促性腺激素缺乏型男性不育的潜在分子机制。方法结合生物信息学方法建立补肾阳中药的成分库、表征美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)批准用于治疗促性腺激素缺乏男性不育的药物靶标库;再应用通路分析软件(ingenuity pathway analysis,IPA)将成分库投影靶标库,筛选出可作用于靶标及通路的成分,预测分子成分功能,构建“成分-靶标”分子网络。结果分别建立了补肾阳中药成分库(242个化合物)与FDA批准药物靶标库(565个靶标),成分库与靶标库投影后发现补肾阳中药成分库中的30个化学成分可直接激活或抑制药物靶标库中的60个靶标,参与缺氧诱导因子1-α(hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha,HIF1α)信号途径,血小板反应蛋白1(thrombospondin 1,TSP1)抑制血管生成途径,芳基烃受体信号途径,孕烷X受体(pregnane X receptor,PXR)/类视黄醇X受体(retinoid X receptor,RXR)激活等18条通路的直接调控。结论本研究构建了补肾阳中药治疗促性腺激素缺乏型男性不育的“成分-靶标”分子网络,分析其治疗效应机制,为补肾阳中药治疗促性腺激素缺乏型男性不育奠定理论基础和实验依据,具有一定的科学意义。     

The Association Between Pelvic Discomfort and Erectile Dysfunction in Adult Male Bicyclists

BackgroundBicycle riding's impact on erectile function remains a topic of great interest given cycling's popularity as a mode of transportation and exercise.AimWe evaluated risk factors for sexual dysfunction in male cyclists with the primary intention of determining if genital/pelvic pain and numbness are associated with erectile dysfunction (ED).MethodsWe surveyed male cyclists using an online anonymous questionnaire. Cyclists were queried on their demographics, cycling experience, and sexual function using the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM). ED was diagnosed when a completed SHIM score was <22. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk of ED in men with genital/pelvic pain or numbness after riding. The survey was designed in the United States.OutcomesQuantitative characterization of cycling habits, onset and timing of genital pain and numbness, and SHIM score.ResultsA total of 1635 participants completed the survey. A majority of men were over the age of 50 (58%, 934/1,607), Caucasian (88%, 1,437/1,635), had been active cyclists for over 10 years (63%, 1,025/1,635) and used road bikes (97%, 1,578/1,635). Overall, 22%, 30%, and 57% of men reported ED, genital pain, and genital numbness, respectively. While controlling for cohort demographics, body mass index, cycling intensity and equipment, and medical comorbidities, no saddle characteristics were associated with the risk of developing genital numbness. However, men reporting penile numbness were at higher risk of reporting ED (odds ratio [OR] = 1.453, P = .048). In addition, quicker onset of numbness and resolution of numbness within a day was associated with impaired erectile function. For example, numbness occurring less than 1 hour after cycling had greater odds of leading to ED than numbness after 5 hours (OR = 2.002, P = .032). Similarly, genital pain occurring less than 1 hour (OR = 2.466, P = .031) after cycling was associated with higher ED risk.Strengths & LimitationsStrengths include a large sample size of high-intensity cyclists and validated questionnaire use. Limitations include reliance on anonymous self-reported survey data and minimal inquiry into the riding preferences and terrain traversed by cyclists.ConclusionsPelvic pain and numbness are common complaints among male riders in the United States. Men with such complaints are more likely to also report ED especially if it occurs earlier in the ride. Although direction of causality and temporality are uncertain, alleviation of factors resulting in pelvic discomfort may reduce cycling's impact on sexual function. Such interventions are critical given that cycling for both active travel and aerobic exercise confers numerous health benefits.Balasubramanian A, Yu J, Breyer BN, et al. The Association Between Pelvic Discomfort and Erectile Dysfunction in Adult Male Bicyclists. J Sex Med 2020;17:919–929.