硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖与中枢神经系统可塑性

硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖(chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan,CSPG)是在发育和成熟的中枢神经系统(central nervous syste,CNS)中广泛表达的一组细胞外基质分子,在胚胎CNS发育和成年期CNS可塑性中发挥着重要作用.CSPG作为一种主要的细胞外抑制性成分,可影响CNS损伤后轴突再生和神经功能恢复.     

Fabrication and characterization of Mg-doped chitosan–gelatin nanocompound coatings for titanium surface functionalization

Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in clinic and achieved great success. Due to the bio-inertness of titanium surface, challenges still exit in some compromised conditions. The present study aimed to functionalize titanium surface with magnesium (Mg)-doped chitosan/gelatin (CS/G) nanocompound coatings via electrophoretic deposition (EPD). CS/G coatings loaded with different amount of magnesium were successfully prepared on titanium substrate via EPD. Physicochemical characterization of the coatings confirmed that magnesium ions were loaded into the coatings in a dose-dependent manner. XRD results demonstrated that co-deposition of magnesium influenced the crystallinity of the coatings, and a new crystalline substance presented, namely hydrated basic magnesium carbonate. Mechanical tests showed improved tensile and shear bond strength of the magnesium-doped coatings, while the excessively high magnesium concentration could eventually decrease the bonding strength. Sustained release of magnesium ion was detected by ICP-OES within 28 days. TEM images also displayed that nanoparticles could be released from the coatings. In vitro cellular response assays demonstrated that the Mg-doped nanocompound coatings could enhance the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells compared to CS/G coatings. Therefore, it could be concluded that Mg-doped CS/G nanocompound coatings were successfully fabricated on titanium substrates via EPD. It would be a promising candidate to functionalize titanium surface with such organic–inorganic nanocompound coatings.     

拉贝洛尔联合硫酸镁对妊娠期高血压患者妊娠结局的影响

目的：探讨在妊娠期高血压患者中采用拉贝洛尔与硫酸镁联合进行治疗对妊娠结局的影响。方法选取2014年4月-2016年4月我院收治的58例妊娠期高血压患者,根据住院顺序随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各29例患者。对照组患者通过硫酸镁进行治疗,实验组患者通过拉贝洛尔与硫酸镁联合进行治疗,对比两组患者血压情况、分娩方式以及新生儿结局。结果两组患者在治疗后血压均有明显的下降,但是实验组患者治疗后的血压值低于对照组,两组患者间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。实验组患者的自然分娩率明显高于对照组患者,两组患者自然分娩率间的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。实验组早产率、宫内窘迫率以及新生儿窒息率均明显低于对照组,两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论在妊娠期高血压患者中采用拉贝洛尔与硫酸镁联合进行治疗,有效地降低了患者的血压,提高了自然分娩率,也改善了新生儿结局情况,值得在临床上进行推广应用。     

Cellular magnesium acquisition: an anomaly in embryonic cation homeostasis

The intracellular dominance of magnesium ion makes clinical assessment difficult despite the critical role of Mg(++) in many key functions of cells and enzymes. There is general consensus that serum Mg(++) levels are not representative of the growing number of conditions for which magnesium is known to be important. There is no consensus method or sample source for testing for clinical purposes. High intracellular Mg(++) in vertebrate embryos results in part from interactions of cations which influence cell membrane transport systems. These are functionally competent from the earliest stages, at least transiently held over from the unfertilized ovum. Kinetic studies with radiotracer cations, osmolar variations, media lacking one or more of the four biological cations, Na(+), Mg(++), K(+), and Ca(++), and metabolic poison 0.05 mEq/L NaF, demonstrated that: (1) all four cations influence the behavior of the others, and (2) energy is required for uptake and efflux on different time scales, some against gradient. Na(+) uptake is energy dependent against an efflux gradient. The rate of K(+) loss is equal with or without fluoride, suggesting a lack of an energy requirement at these stages. Ca(++) efflux took twice as long in the presence of fluoride, likely due in part to intracellular binding. Mg(++) is anomalous in that early teleost vertebrate embryos have an intracellular content exceeding the surrounding sea water, an isolated unaffected yolk compartment, and a clear requirement for energy for both uptake and efflux. The physiological, pathological, and therapeutic roles of magnesium are poorly understood. This will change: (1) when (28)Mg is once again generally available at a reasonable cost for both basic research and clinical assessment, and (2) when serum or plasma levels are determined simultaneously with intracellular values, preferably as part of complete four cation profiles. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry, energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy on sublingual mucosal and peripheral blood samples are potential methods of value for coordinated assessments.     

Particle agglomeration of chitosan–magnesium aluminum silicate nanocomposites for direct compression tablets

Exfoliated nanocomposites of chitosan-magnesium aluminum silicate (CS-MAS) particles are characterized by good compressibility but poor flowability. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate agglomerates of CS-MAS nanocomposites prepared using the agglomerating agents water, ethanol, or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) for flowability enhancement and to evaluate the agglomerates obtained as direct compression fillers for tablets. The results showed that the addition of agglomerating agents did not affect crystallinity, but slightly influenced thermal behavior of the CS-MAS nanocomposites. The agglomerates prepared using water were larger than those prepared using 95% ethanol because high swelling of the layer of chitosonium acetate occurred, allowing formation of solid bridges and capillary force between particles, leading to higher flowability and particle strength. Incorporation of PVP resulted in larger agglomerates with good flowability and high strength due to the binder hardening mechanism. The tablets prepared from agglomerates using water showed lower hardness, shorter disintegration times and faster drug release than those using 95% ethanol. In contrast, greater hardness and more prolonged drug release were obtained from the tablets prepared from agglomerates using PVP. Additionally, the agglomerates of CS-MAS nanocomposites showed good carrying capacity and provided desirable characteristics of direct compression tablets.     

硫酸核糖霉素分子式中硫酸数目的确定及控制方法的比较

目的：为了确定硫酸核糖霉素分子式中硫酸的数目,并选择适合的方法控制其硫酸盐的含量。方法：建立了高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射法（HPLC-ELSD）对硫酸核糖霉素的硫酸盐（SO4）含量进行测定,并开发出了同样适用的离子色谱电导法（HPIC-CD）进行结果比对。同时采用《中国药典》方法测定硫酸核糖霉素的酸碱度。结果：HPLC-ELSD法,硫酸盐（SO4）在15～250 μg·mL-1范围内线性良好,检测限和定量限分别为0.16 μg和0.25 μg,回收率为101.1%;HPIC-CD法,硫酸盐（SO4）在20～180 μg·mL-1范围内线性良好,检测限和定量限分别为0.17 ng和0.50 ng,回收率为99.8%。结论：两种硫酸盐测定方法,专属性强,灵敏度高,重复性好,测定结果无显著性差异,分子式中硫酸的数目约为1.5,进一步发现,硫酸盐含量和溶液pH值呈显著负相关,并具有一定的线性关系,酸碱度检查可以控制硫酸盐的含量。     

川芎清脑颗粒联合硫酸软骨素治疗偏头痛的临床研究

目的探讨川芎清脑颗粒联合硫酸软骨素治疗偏头痛的临床疗效。方法选取2017年3月—2018年3月在陕西省核工业二一五医院治疗的偏头痛患者76例,根据用药的差别分为对照组(38例)和治疗组(38例)。对照组口服硫酸软骨素钠片,0.6 g/次,3次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上口服川芎清脑颗粒,10 g/次,3次/d。两组患者均治疗4周。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者临床症状评分、血清学指标和脑血流情况。结果治疗后,对照组临床有效率为81.58%,显著低于治疗组的97.37%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组头痛发作次数、头痛发作持续时间和头痛发作程度评分均明显降低(P0.05),且治疗组患者临床症状评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和溶血磷脂酸(LPA)水平均显著降低(P0.05),且治疗后治疗组这些血清学指标明显低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者大脑前动脉(ACA)、大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑后动脉(PCA)、基底动脉(BA)、椎动脉(VA)的平均血流速度(Vm)均显著降低(P0.05),且治疗后治疗组脑血流情况明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论川芎清脑颗粒联合硫酸软骨素治疗偏头痛可有效改善患者临床症状,降低血清hs-CRP、MMP-9、VEGF、LPA水平,有利于脑血流速度改善。     

异甘草酸镁注射液与 5%葡萄糖注射液、10%果糖注射液配伍的稳定性

目的：考察异甘草酸镁注射液与5％葡萄糖注射液、10％果糖注射液2种输液配伍的稳定性.方法：将异甘草酸镁注射液与5％葡萄糖注射液、10％果糖注射液按临床常用的浓度配伍,室温下放置8h,分别于0、2、4、6、8h取样,用高效液相色谱法测定异甘草酸镁的含量,用酸度计测定pH值,用光阻法测定其不溶性微粒.结果：异甘草酸镁注射液与上述2种注射液配伍后,8h内的pH值、含量两项指标的变化在《中华人民共和国药典》（2010年版）规定的范围之内,但不溶性微粒指标较大,不符合相关规定.结论：异甘草酸镁注射液与5％葡萄糖注射液、10％果糖注射液配伍后,含量与pH值符合《中华人民共和国药典》（2010年版）规定,但不溶性微粒指标不符合规定,建议临床不配伍使用.     

依托咪酯配伍硫酸镁在临床麻醉中的应用研究进展

依托咪酯是非巴比妥类的静脉麻醉药,对呼吸和循环影响轻微,但是依托咪酯有注射痛、肌阵挛、术后恶心呕吐、抑制肾上腺皮质功能等不良反应,尤其肌阵挛的发生率较高.临床上有许多药物可用于抑制依托咪酯引起的肌阵挛,例如阿片类、苯二氮艹卓类,但易引起术后呼吸抑制和苏醒延迟.与以上药物相比,硫酸镁既不会引起呼吸抑制,也不会产生镇静作用,更不会引起苏醒延迟.硫酸镁是否能够降低依托咪酯引起肌阵挛的发生率以及合适剂量,值得临床进一步研究与探讨.本研究就依托咪酯和硫酸镁各自的药理作用特点和临床应用进行综述,探讨依托咪酯配伍硫酸镁在临床麻醉中应用的可能性.     

盐酸利托君与硫酸镁治疗先兆早产的疗效比较及对胎儿纤维连接蛋白的影响

目的：探讨盐酸利托君与硫酸镁治疗先兆早产的疗效及对胎儿纤维连接蛋白（ fFN）的影响。方法选择368例先兆早产产妇,按照随机-平行对照法分为盐酸利托君治疗组（简称观察组）以及硫酸镁治疗组（简称对照组）,观察两组疗效、胎儿纤维连接蛋白阳性率并评价其安全性。结果与对照组比较,观察组药物起效时间、缩短明显,妊娠延长天数、治疗成功比例增加明显,差异均有统计学意义（ t＝103．4、9．6,χ2＝12．0,均P＜0．05）。治疗前,两组fFN阳性率差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0．4,P＞0.05）,治疗后观察组fFN阳性率为28．26％,对照组为42．39％,两组差异有统计学意义（χ2＝8．0,P＜0.05）。观察组不良反应发生率（19.57％）显著低于对照组（29．35％）（χ2＝4．8,P＜0．05）。结论盐酸利托君治疗先兆早产疗效较佳,可缩短药物起效时间,延长妊娠天数,而且可显著降低fFN阳性率,具有较好的安全性。