基于"肾络癥瘕"理论探讨王耀献教授治疗慢性肾衰竭的用药规律

目的：总结基于“肾络癥瘕”理论探讨王耀献教授治疗慢性肾衰竭的用药规律及其学术经验。方法：选取2013年12月至2017年12月王耀献教授于北京中医药大学东直门医院门诊诊治慢性肾衰竭患者共270例,选取其首诊处方共270首。通过关联规则及复杂熵聚类等方法分析其用药规律及组方特点。结果：本研究共纳入处方270首,涉及药物184种;通过关联规则挖掘方法,将支持度设置为“81”,置信度为“0.8”,共得到常用药物组合114个。选择相关系数为8,惩罚系数为2,通过无监督的熵层次聚类算法,通过演化及进一步聚类,获得10个新处方。寒性药、温性药、平性药应用最多,热性药最少。应用味甘者次数最多,味苦、味辛、味咸、味酸者次之,味涩者最少。归肝经者最多,归脾经、肾经次之,其次分别为归胃、肺、心、胆、大肠、小肠、膀胱、心包、三焦等经者。结论：通过数据挖掘方法客观总结了王耀献教授以“肾络癥瘕理论”为核心,治疗多样化、个体化的用药特点。     

基于网络平台的PBL在神经病学教学中的应用

以问题为基础的学习（Problem—based learning,PBL）可有效培养学生主动学习、分析和解决问题的能力。基于网络平台的PBL将网络教育和PBL教学结合起来,在信息获取、交流和传输方面有明显优势,还可解决教学资源相对不足的问题。把该教学方式应用于神经病学的教学中,探索教案编写、网络平台建立和教学过程等环节实施的最佳方案和形式,并进行教学效果评价和总结,以提高神经病学的教学质量,推进基于网络平台的PBL教学改革。     

Enhanced zinc consumption causes memory deficits and increased brain levels of zinc

Zinc deficiency has been shown to impair cognitive functioning, but little work has been done on the effects of elevated zinc. This research examined the effect on memory of raising Sprague-Dawley rats on enhanced levels of zinc (10 ppm ZnCO3; 0.153 mM) in the drinking water for periods of 3 or 9 months, both pre- and postnatally. Controls were raised on lab water. Memory was tested in a series of Morris Water Maze (MWM) experiments, and zinc-treated rats were found to have impairments in both reference and working memory. They were significantly slower to find a stationary platform and showed greater thigmotaxicity, a measure of anxiety. On a working memory task, where the platform was moved each day, zinc-treated animals had longer latencies over both trials and days, swam further from the platform, and showed greater thigmotaxicity. On trials using an Atlantis platform, which remained in one place but was lowered on probe trials, the zinc-treated animals had significantly fewer platform crossings, spent less time in the target quadrant, and did not swim as close to the platform position. They had significantly greater latency on nonprobe trials. Microprobe synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (microSXRF) confirmed that brain zinc levels were increased by adding ZnCO3 to the drinking water. These data show that long-term dietary administration of zinc can lead to impairments in cognitive function.     

计算机辅助结合3D打印技术在复杂胫骨平台骨折手术中的应用研究

目的 研究计算机辅助结合3D打印技术在复杂胫骨平台骨折手术中的应用价值,为此类患者提供更好的手术方式选择.方法 采用临床前瞻性随机病例对照分析方法,选取2018年12月至2020年5月在河南大学第一附属医院收住院确诊为胫骨平台骨折并进行手术治疗的患者65例.所有入院患者根据影像学检查结果,依据胫骨平台骨折分型采用临床常...     

Acute viral respiratory infections among children in MERS‐endemic Riyadh,Saudi Arabia, 2012–2013

The emergence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Saudi Arabia has intensified focus on Acute Respiratory Infections [ARIs]. This study sought to identify respiratory viruses (RVs) associated with ARIs in children presenting at a tertiary hospital. Children (aged ≤13) presenting with ARI between January 2012 and December 2013 tested for 15 RVs using the Seeplex^R RV15 kit were retrospectively included. Epidemiological data was retrieved from patient records. Of the 2235 children tested, 61.5% were ≤1 year with a male: female ratio of 3:2. Viruses were detected in 1364 (61.02%) children, 233 (10.4%) having dual infections: these viruses include respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (24%), human rhinovirus (hRV) (19.7%), adenovirus (5.7%), influenza virus (5.3%), and parainfluenzavirus‐3 (4.6%). Children, aged 9–11 months, were most infected (60.9%). Lower respiratory tract infections (55.4%) were significantly more than upper respiratory tract infection (45.3%) (P < 0.001). Seasonal variation of RV was directly and inversely proportional to relative humidity and temperature, respectively, for non MERS coronaviruses (NL63, 229E, and OC43). The study confirms community‐acquired RV associated with ARI in children and suggests modulating roles for abiotic factors in RV epidemiology. However, community‐based studies are needed to elucidate how these factors locally influence RV epidemiology. J. Med. Virol. 89:195–201, 2017 . © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

     

基于卫生信息平台的电子病历信息共享研究和实现

研究信息共享的关键技术,通过电子病历的标准化和结构化处理、传输和交换,实现电子病历信息的共享。在卫生部电子病历数据标准的基础上,结合采用情景分析法和层次分析法,通过Delphi法专家咨询确定电子病历可以结构化的数据项,实现电子病历的标准化和结构化处理;然后运用SWOT分析法,结合应用可扩展标记语言（XML）和临床文档结构标准（CDA）两项技术,实现电子病历的标准化传输和交换,使得电子病历信息在传输和交换过程中能够被机器自动识别,实现数据的自动化传输和交换;最后,研发电子病历完整性测试系统,实现电子病历完整性的自动测试。完成电子病历信息标准化和结构化处理、传输和交换全流程的技术研究,形成技术规范。有123家医院实现电子病历标准化上传省级卫生信息平台,有16家电子病历提供商具备了电子病历标准化和结构化处理、传输和交换能力。初步实现了电子病历的信息共享,电子病历数据传输技术规范作为浙江省地方标准正式颁布实施。     

基于CUDA的医学图像处理算法平台的设计与初步实现

目的:本文介绍了所开发的医学图像处理算法平台(cudaGIL),设计平台主要是为医学图像处理算法的开发和测试提供一个简洁的框架。方法:该平台封装了cudpp,cufft,thrust等第三方库,并提供简洁的算法接口,使得并行算法能在该平台上高效执行;采用了优化的迭代器模式和数据分页方法,用以降低数据索引的时间消耗;组件管理模式被用于该平台中,用户可以新建组件扩展自定义算法;使用建立在OpenGL与CUDA基础上的异步操作实时显示图像。结果:通过与已有平台的比较,结果显示该平台在算法效率和显示速度上有了较大的提升。结论:本文设计的医学图像处理算法平台可作为医学图像算法的开发工具。     

LYSO闪烁晶体PET探测器设计及位置映射算法研究

目的分析LYSO闪烁晶体内光子的输运特性及正电子发射计算机断层扫描装置（positron emission tomography,PET）位置映射表的建立方法。方法在Linux fedora操作系统之上成功构建了GATE（geant4 application for tomographic emission）核医学仿真平台,模拟了LYSO闪烁晶体PET探测器内光子输运过程。并且基于仿真数据,分析了位置映射表。结果成功研制了8×8探测器模块,得到位置映射对照表。结论基于GATE进行探测器模块设计切实可行,得到的位置映射表对后期实际散点图的建立过程具有重要指导作用。     

Set-up and routine use of a database of 10 555 genotyped blood donors to facilitate the screening of compatible blood components for alloimmunized patients

Background and Objectives  Large-scale genotyping of blood donors for red blood cell and platelet antigens has been predicted to replace phenotyping assays in the screening of compatible blood components for alloimmunized patients. Although several genotyping platforms have been described, novel procedures and processes are needed to perform genotyping efficiently and to maximize its benefits for blood banks.
Materials and Methods  Here we describe the processes and procedures developed to introduce large-scale genotyping in our routine operations.
Results  Preliminary cost–benefit analysis indicated that genotyping must target frequent blood donors (> 3 donations/year) to be efficiently used. A custom-designed computer application was developed to manage the whole project. It selects frequent donors among recent donations, prints coded labels to identify blood samples sent to the external genotyping laboratory, and stores genotyping results. It can search for donors compatible for any combination of the 22 genotyped antigens as well as consult the current inventory for the presence of the corresponding blood components. The phenotype of recovered components is confirmed by standard serology techniques prior to shipment to hospitals.
Conclusion  Since October 2007, 10 555 blood donors have been genotyped. The database is used on a regular basis to find compatible blood components with a genotype–phenotype concordance of 99·6%.     

医疗数据集成平台总体架构设计

随着现代医院数字化建设的进一步发展，各种信息系统将越来越多的被投入使用。不同信息系统的构架设计、实现手段和开发环境都有差异，一般而言这些系统之间无法直接进行数据交互。医院需要建立一个提供各个子系统之间高效数据交互的集成平台，结合业务流程实现业务的跨系统整合。文章从医院数据集成平台的设想和构建实际出发，提出了数据集成平台设计理念、构架模块方面的理论设想，并将在实际建设中加以进一步验证和落实。