微处理机控制的多功能显微图象测量仪

本文介绍以微处理机为核心的多功能显微图象测量仪的工作原理。该仪器可对微观或非微观结构实时地进行一维和二维参数测量。采用双微处理机工作方式和光标跟踪技术,使控制、测量、计算和显示并行进行,并能测量和记录图象线径的动态变化。     

Clinical outcome of lumbar spinal stenosis based on new classification according to hypertrophied ligamentum flavum

Background

The ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is considered to be one of the important causes of development of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Several histologic and biologic mechanisms in hypertrophied flavum have proposed. However, no study that investigated the relationship between clinical outcome and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy has been published. The purpose of this study was to identify a new classification of LSS, in ligamentous and nonligamentous stenosis, according to the cutoff value of the area proportion of the ligamentum flavum in the spinal canal, and to assess the value of surgical and conservative treatments for LSS based on the classification of the ligamentous stenosis.

P16基因甲基化和P53抗体在非小细胞肺癌血清中的表达

目的 探讨P16基因甲基化和P53抗体在人非小细胞肺癌血清中的表达.方法 选择98例NSCLC患者为试验组(NSCLC组),60例健康者血清作对照(对照组),分别采用巢式甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应法及用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测其血清P16基因甲基化和P53抗体表达情况.结果 NSCLC组患者血清中P16甲基化和P53抗体与对照组分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);有吸烟史的P16基因甲基化表达率和P53抗体水平高于无吸烟史患者(P<0.01);病理为鳞癌的患者的P16甲基化的危险度是病理为腺癌或其他的2.724(1.087~6.826)倍(P<0.01);P16基因甲基化与P53抗体在NSCLC血清中的表达具有相关性.结论 P16基因甲基化和P53抗体的表达与NSCLC发生密切相关,且吸烟有协同作用;P16基因甲基化与P53抗体在NSCLC的表达有相关性.     

Antibody profiles to wheat germ cell-free system synthesized Plasmodium falciparum proteins correlate with protection from symptomatic malaria in Uganda

The key targets of protective antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum remain largely unknown. In this study, we determined immunoreactivity to 1827 recombinant proteins derived from 1565 genes representing ∼30% of the entire P. falciparum genome, for identification of novel malaria vaccine candidates. The recombinant proteins were expressed by wheat germ cell-free system, a platform that can synthesize quality plasmodial proteins that elicit biologically active antibodies in animals. Sera were obtained from indigenous residents of a malaria endemic region in Northern Uganda who were enrolled at the start of a rainy season and prospectively monitored for symptomatic malaria episodes for a year. Immunoreactivity to sera was determined by AlphaScreen; a homogeneous high-throughput system that detects protein interactions. Our analysis revealed antibody responses to 128 proteins that significantly associated with protection from symptomatic malaria. From 128 proteins, 53 were down-selected as the most plausible targets of host protective immune response by virtue of having a predicted signal peptide and/or transmembrane domain(s), or confirmed localization on the parasite surface. The 53 proteins comprised of not only previously characterized vaccine candidates but also uncharacterized proteins. Proteins involved in erythrocyte invasion; RON4, RON2 and CLAG3.1 and pre-erythrocytic proteins; SIAP-2, TRAP and CelTOS, were recommended for prioritization for further evaluation as vaccine candidates. The findings clearly demonstrate that generation of the protein library using the wheat germ cell-free system coupled with high throughput immunoscreening with AlphaScreen offers new options for rational discovery and selection of potential malaria vaccine candidates.     

Ultrastructural localization of glucocerebrosidase in cultured Gaucher's disease fibroblasts by immunocytochemistry

Summary The subcellular localization of glucocerebrosidase was studied in cultured skin fibroblasts from eight patients with Gaucher's disease. The enzyme, in situ, was visualized under the electron microscope by incubating ultrathin frozen sections of fibroblasts with antibodies against glucocerebrosidase, followed by a second incubation with goat anti- (rabbit IgG) coupled to colloidal gold. In control cells, most of the gold label was found in lysosomes, associated with the membrane. Labelling of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and Golgi complex was also observed. In fibroblasts from three Gaucher's disease patients without neurological symptoms (type 1 disease), a near normal amount of cross-reactive material (CRM) was detected in lysosomes, but in a fourth such patient, the lysosomal CRM was reduced. Little lysosomal glucocerebrosidase was detected in cells from patients with the acute neuronopathic form (type 2) or the subacute neuronopathic form (type 3) of Gaucher's disease. CRM in lysosomes correlates with amount of mature, 59 kDA glucocerebrosidase which is undetectable in type 2 and type 3 Gaucher's disease cell lines. These findings demonstrate that different mutations in the gene for glucocerebrosidase result in mutant proteins that have different intracellular localizations. They also suggest that there is a relationship between the amount of cross-reactive material in the lysosomes and the phenotypic expression of the disease.     

Development and application of a multiplex TaqMan® real-time qPCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata and molecular characterization of Anaplasma marginale from cattle in Western Cuba.

Anaplasmosis and theileriosis are considered the most important tick-borne diseases for livestock production worldwide, causing significant economic losses in tropical and subtropical regions. The present study was aimed to develop a multiplex TaqMan® qPCR assay to simultaneously detect Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata and to applied it to investigate naturally infected cattle in Cuba. The assay was highly specific, sensible, and efficient; it was more sensitive than a well-established nested PCR and detected 1 DNA copy of each target. Consistent repeatability and reproducibility within and between multiplex qPCR runs was shown. A total of 223 blood samples collected in western Cuba were analyzed for haemoparasites infection in cattle. The multiplex qPCR assay detected A. marginale in 213 samples (95.5%; CI: 95%; 91.9%–97.5%), but all samples were negative for T. annulata. Additionally, the genetic diversity of A. marginale was assessed using 16S rRNA, MSP1a and MSP4 nucleotide and protein sequences. The MSP1a tandem repeats ranged from three to five, and twelve different MSP1a tandem repeats of A. marginale were found, which presented genotypes C, E, and G in the 5ʹUTR microsatellite region. Phylogenetic analysis using the msp4 gene showed that Cuban strains were closely related to others previously reported in Mexico, Brazil and Asian countries. The multiplex qPCR described here proved to be a rapid, specific and cost-effective mean for the simultaneous detection of A. marginale and T. annulata. Further epidemiological studies using this assay will improve the surveillance of the associated diseases in regions where they are endemic.     

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOSCOPIC SPHINCTEROTOMY‐INDUCED BLEEDING

Bleeding is one of the most common and potentially serious complications of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) and the overall frequency ranges from 2% to 5%. Patients with coagulopathy and anticoagulant therapy should be excluded from ES. ES using microprocessor‐controlled electrosurgical generator setting for Endocut mode, and a step‐wise manner of controlled incision may reduce the frequency of bleeding. Once ES‐induced bleeding occurs, diluted epinephrine irrigation, coagulation using papillotome, and balloon tamponade may be effective. If the bleeding continues, vessel ligation with a hemoclip should be performed to achieve a permanent hemostasis. Diluted epinephrine injection is an alternative technique when the point of bleeding is not identified. All endoscopists who perform ES should have suitable knowledge of management of bleeding and be experts in hemostasis.     

高效抗逆转录病毒治疗对AIDS患者MCP-1和MSP水平的影响

目的:研究高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)对AIDS患者血清中MCP-1、MSP水平的影响。方法:采用ELISA法检测40例经HAART3个月的国内AIDS患者及84例经HAART3至6年的德国患者血清MCP-1、MSP的水平,荧光定量PCR测定HIV-RNA滴度,流式细胞术检测CD4 T细胞计数。结果:HIV-1感染者血清MCP-1的水平显著高于正常人群(P<0.01),MSP则显著低于正常人群(P<0.01);经短期HAART(3月)后,MCP-1水平下降(P<0.01),MSP无明显改变;长期HAART(3至6年)后MCP-1水平显著升高(P<0.01),而MSP显著下降(P<0.01),MCP-1和MSP水平的变化呈负相关(r=-0.99,P=0.029)。结论:MCP-1、MSP与AIDS病程进展有密切关系,HAART对AIDS患者MCP-1、MSP水平有显著的改变,进而改善患者病程进展。     

基于MSP430的液晶控制器S1D13700接口设计及应用

目的：利用液晶控制芯片S1D13700，设计一种基于MSP430单片机的液晶显示系统。方法：MSP430单片机控制总线采用模拟MSC-51系列单片机通讯方式，通过8位数据总线与S1D13700相连，地址总线分别采用间接寻址和直接寻址方式连接。结果：该设计已成功应用于心电监护仪中心电波形及相关参数的显示。结论：S1D13700的驱动程序采用C语言编程．通用性强，特别适用于便携式仪器的设计。