孕妇广泛焦虑障碍和血浆DA、NE、5-HT的相关研究

目的 :探讨分娩前孕妇广泛性焦虑障碍与血浆 5 - HT、DA、NE的关系。方法 :首先用心理卫生量表 (SAS、SDS、HAMA、HAMD)筛查孕妇中存在广泛性焦虑和抑郁共病共 4 6例。研究组血浆中五羟色胺 (5 - HT4 6例 )、去甲肾上腺素 (NE4 6例 )、多巴胺 (DA4 5例 )和正常对照组 (5 - HT、DA、NE各 2 0例 )由苏州大学生化工程研究所采用高效液相色谱仪、电化学检测器进行测定。结果 :分娩前孕妇广泛性焦虑障碍血浆 5 - HT、DA、NE和对照组未见明显差异。讨论 :我们在产前经 SAS、HAMA检测发现产前孕妇广泛性焦虑障碍有 74例。我们选择了资料完整诊断明确的产前广泛性焦虑进行了血浆 5 - HT、NE、DA测定结果发现与对照组没有明显差异 ,这说明孕妇在临床上焦虑症状明显 ,但体内血浆神经介质极不稳定 ,神经介质变化在人体内较为复杂 ,使两者没有变化 ,提示孕妇广泛性焦虑障碍患者存在外周交感神经兴奋性增高 ,血浆 5 - HT、NE、DA浓度不能鉴别焦虑症。以上观点还需进一步研究。在妇产科广泛焦虑障碍这一疾病 ,应引起产科医师注意。     

Three Year Health Outcomes Among Older Women at Risk of Elder Abuse: Women's Health Australia

BACKGROUND: Older women are at increasing risk of various forms of familial violence, yet detection is poor and very little is known of the long-term health effects of this psychosocial problem. The effectiveness of the 'Vulnerability to Abuse' Screening Scale (VASS) in predicting three year health outcomes was investigated among women enrolled in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, now known as Women's Health Australia. METHODS: The sample comprised a cohort of 10,421 women aged 73-78 who completed the 1996 and 1999 postal surveys (attrition rate 19.5%). The Time 2 sample had a small bias towards lower risk for elder abuse at Time 1 and better health on SF-36 and self-rated health. The VASS is a 12-item self-report measure with 4 factors: vulnerability, coercion, dependence and dejection. RESULTS: Overall, physical health (PCS) declined while mental health (MCS) increased over the three year period. Decline in physical health was predicted by only the dejection factor, but not by factors which seem to more directly measure abuse. The predictive validity of the VASS for three year mental health outcomes was given partial support. Three of the four VASS factors (dejection, vulnerability, and coercion) predicted decline in mental health at the univariate level, however, after adjusting for confounders, only one VASS factor (dejection) independently predicted decline in mental health. CONCLUSIONS: While the VASS shows some promise as a marker of health risk in older women, only the dejection factor proved consistently predictive of declining health status. Further research is needed to determine longer term predictive validity of the scale and to gain a clearer picture of how abusive experiences impact on older women's health.     

New‐Concept Part‐Time Employment as a Work‐Family Adaptive Strategy for Women Professionals with Small Children*

This study investigates how the option for new‐concept part‐time (NPT) employment influences the ability of mothers of preschool children working in professional occupations to successfully integrate work and family responsibilities. Female NPT professionals (n = 279) and female full‐time (FT) professionals (n = 250) were compared. The NPT group reported 20 fewer weekly work hours and about $18,000 less estimated annual household income than the FT group. They allocated this additional time primarily to caring for and nurturing their dependent children. They also reported less job‐related travel, unnecessary work, and work‐to‐family conflict, as well as greater work‐family success, childcare satisfaction, and family success. However, NPT mothers reported a more traditional division of labor in household responsibilities and less career opportunity and work success. Implications are presented and discussed.     

Antimicrobial mesh versus vaginal wall sling: a comparative outcomes analysis

PURPOSE: We prospectively compared transvaginal antimicrobial mesh (MycroMesh*) and anterior vaginal wall slings using an outcomes analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between August 1997 and November 1998 we implanted transvaginal slings in 40 consecutive women randomized to a synthetic mesh (20) or vaginal wall (20) group. All patients had documented stress urinary incontinence on preoperative urodynamics. We prospectively compared postoperative outcomes data obtained from pelvic examinations, cough stress test, cotton swab test and validated patient questionnaires using a visual analog scale. RESULTS: Complete followup was available in all patients. Mean followup was 22 months (range 12 to 27). Stress incontinence was cured in 95% of the mesh and 70% of the vaginal wall group, and pelvic prolapse was cured in 100% and 95%, respectively. Transient de novo urge incontinence was noted in 12.5% of the mesh and 14.3% of the vaginal wall group. Mean postoperative cotton swab angle during Valsalva's maneuver was 20 and 45 degrees for the mesh and vaginal wall groups, respectively. The incidence of urinary retention and tissue erosion was 0% for both groups. The satisfaction rate was 100% and 80% for the mesh and vaginal wall groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The antimicrobial MycroMesh sling was superior to the vaginal wall sling for correction of stress incontinence and pelvic prolapse with comparatively low morbidity.     

影响农村产妇住院分娩因素的调查与分析

目的 :摸清农村产妇住院分娩的影响因素。方法 :对 1380人农村产妇采用统一自制调查表入户调查。结果 :居住平原者与居住山区或丘陵者比较 ,前者住院分娩率明显高于后两者 (P<0 .0 1) ;家庭经济收入≥ 4 0 0元者与≤ 4 0 0元者比较 ,前者住院分娩率明显高于后者 (P<0 .0 1) ;文化程度初中及以上者与小学文化程度者比较 ,前者住院分娩率明显高于后者 (P<0 .0 1) ;孕期接受健康教育者与未接受教育者比较 ,前者住院分娩率明显高于后者 (P<0 .0 1) ;产前检查≥ 5次者与产前检查 <5次或未产前检查者比较 ,前者住院分娩率明显高于后者 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :影响农村产妇住院分娩首要原因是地处山区导致的交通不便 ,其次是经济收入和分娩费用制约 ;旧的生育观 ,孕产妇的健康教育和孕期系统管理也是不可忽视的影响因素     

湖北麻城2000～2002年农村妇女自杀死亡流行病学分析

目的 分析农村妇女自杀死亡的流行病学特点及其自杀原因，为制定预防对策提供科学依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法分析湖北麻城2000年～2002年15a以上妇女自杀死亡病例249例，并与八年前该地区农村妇女自杀情况进行比较。结果 该地区农村妇女自杀年龄分布呈“马鞍”现象，人际冲突、患病自感难愈、经济困难为自杀的前三位原因。与丈夫冲突导致自杀的比例比八年前该地研究结果显著增高，且是20～39a组自杀死亡的首位原因；15～29a组自杀比例显著下降，而50～69a组自杀比例显著上升。结论 农村妇女自杀死亡是由多种因素造成的，应引起高度重视并制定有效的综合干预措施。     

血清CA125结合B超对绝经后妇女卵巢恶性病变的预测价值

目的 通过了解绝经后妇女卵巢肿物的临床特点，探讨早期发现绝经后妇女卵巢恶性肿瘤的可行方法。方法 回顾分析302例经手术后病理证实为卵巢肿物的自然绝经后妇女的临床特点，采用B超结合血CA125的定量测定。结果 71．2％的绝经后卵巢肿物患者无自觉症状，38．7％为卵巢恶性肿瘤，BUS结合血CA125对卵巢恶性病变预测的敏感性为98．4％，特异性为57．9％，阳性预测值62．6％，阴性预测值98．1％。结论 对绝经后妇女实施妇科检查及B超的筛查结合血CA125的定量测定，有助于临床医生及时发现卵巢恶性肿瘤。     

腹腔镜手术在老年女性妇科疾病中的应用价值

目的探讨腹腔镜手术在老年女性妇科手术中的安全性和应用价值。方法1998年5月-2003年5月，回顾性分析124例妇科疾病患者的临床资料(老年腹腔镜手术一组41例，非老年腹腔镜手术治疗组48例，老年经腹手术治疗组35例)。结果老年患者恶性肿瘤发病率明显高于非老年组(x^2=4．750，P=0．029)，经腹手术组的卵巢，输卵管恶性肿瘤患者多于腹腔镜手术组(x^2=14．302，P=0．01)，老年组待手术日明显长于非老年组(t=49．791，P=0．001)，附件手术腹腔镜组术中出血明显少于经腹手术组(t=11．430，P=0．006)，腹腔镜组肠功能恢复短于经腹手术组(t=8．79，P=0．001)。结论腹腔镜手术治疗老年妇科疾病的患者是安全、有效的。     

农村地区已婚育龄妇女人工流产原因分析

目的:了解农村已婚育龄妇女的人工流产原因。方法:采用结构式问卷调查方法对农村已婚育龄妇女进行问卷调查,分析人工流产情况及原因。结果:农村已婚育龄妇女的人工流产率为29.98％;人工流产原因中有35.15％是由于未避孕造成的,有超过一半(52.85％)的人工流产为避孕失败情况下采取的补救措施;避孕失败的原因中有65.09％为宫内节育器失败;婚前及婚后初产前的人工流产超过70％是未采取避孕措施造成的,而产后的人工流产主要是避孕失败造成的;多次人工流产妇女的避孕措施趋向多样化;而人工流产原因中避孕失败的比例增加。结论:应加强避孕方法知识的宣传以及避孕方法使用的指导,提高农村育龄妇女的避孕使用率及正确使用率,特别是对有人工流产(一次或多次)史的对象应加强避孕使用指导;对采用宫内节育器的妇女应进行定期检查,保证官内节育器的有效性。