放射治疗高能光子束吸收剂量不同测定规程的比较

目的 :介绍美国医学物理学家协会 (AAPM)最新颁布的高能光子束吸收剂量的测定规程。　方法 :以我院实际使用的剂量仪和电离室按照第 3代规程中推荐的方法测定医用直线加速器 6 MV高能光子束的吸收剂量。　结果 :新规程与第 1代规程比较的差异在 3%左右 ,与第 2代规程相比 ,差异 <1%。　结论 :新一代规程理论严谨 ,表达简明 ,具有更好的精度和最大程度上的应用方便性     

Change in granulation tissue coverage and bacteriological load using Low Cost Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in acute musculoskeletal wounds

BackgroundLow cost Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) dressings have been considered as an alternative to traditional daily dressings. There is scanty literature evaluating the change in the percentage area of wound covered by granulation tissue following application of low-cost NPWT. The change in the bacteriological flora following application of low-cost NPWT devices has also not been evaluated.MethodsPatients above the age of 18 years with acute musculoskeletal injuries of <3 weeks duration which underwent a surgical debridement and required subsequent wound coverage were included in the study. Area of the wound and the area covered by the granulation tissue as well as the bacteriological count were measured before and after application of NPWT. A low cost NPWT using wall mounted vacuum device was put on the patient giving a constant negative pressure of 125 mm of Hg for 2 days. The findings before and after application of NPWT were compared and analyzed using Wilcoxin Signed-rank test.Results21 patients with mean age of 35.52±15.075 were included. The pre-NPWT granulation tissue area ranged from 122 mm² to 8483 mm² with a mean of 1648.38 mm² (SD = 1933.866). The post-NPWT granulation tissue area ranged from 234 mm² to 7847 mm² with a mean of 2364.48 mm² (SD = 1857.716). The mean increase in granulation tissue was 716.1 mm².The pre-NPWT wound area ranged from 422 mm² to 10847 mm² with a mean of 4009.62 mm² (SD = 3026.209). The post-NPWT wound area ranged from 326 mm² to 9143 mm² with a mean of 3410.33 mm² (SD = 2636.206). The mean reduction in wound size was 599.29 mm².The pre-NPWT bacteriological count ranged from 3000/ml to 130000000/ml with a mean of 12616761.90/ml (SD = 29664589.37). The post-NPWT bacteriological count ranged from 1000/ml to 380000000/ml with a mean of 26401523.81/ml. The mean increase in bacteriological count was 13784761.91/ml.ConclusionThere was a statistically significant decrease in wound size (p = 0.001) and statistically significant increase in percentage area of granulation tissue coverage (p = 0.000) following low cost NPWT application. However there was no statistically significant increase in bacteriological clearance in these patients.     

电针结合有氧运动对自然衰老大鼠骨骼肌IGF-I/Akt通路的作用

目的:探索低频电针结合有氧运动对增龄性骨骼肌萎缩的效应,以及IGF-I/Akt及其下游蛋白质合成相关通路信号蛋白的影响。方法:以自然衰老SD大鼠为研究对象,将6月龄雄性SD大鼠32只,体重400～450 g,饲养至大鼠12月龄,根据体重随机分为4组。对照组(YC,只抓取、固定、放回,不做其他干预),电针组(YA,电针干预),运动组(YE,运动干预),电针+运动组(YEA,电针结合运动干预),自SD大鼠12月龄开始持续干预至18月龄,实验结束时观察各组自然衰老大鼠:骨骼肌湿重/体重比;光学显微镜下比目鱼肌HE染色形态;Real-time qPCR法检测骨骼肌中IGF-I mRNA的表达水平;Western印迹法测定的大鼠腓肠肌中AKT、mTOR、p70S6K和p-p70S6K相关蛋白表达情况。结果:与YC组相比,YA组、YEA组皆明显增加18月龄大鼠腓肠肌湿重/体重比(P0.05);YEA组能明显增加比目鱼肌湿重/体重比,高于YC组和YA组(P0.05)。与YC组相比,各个干预组大鼠的腓肠肌IGF-I mRNA表达水平皆有上升趋势,其中YEA组IGF-I mRNA表达增加更为明显(P=0.051)。与YC组相比,电针组(YA)p-Akt,p-mTOR表达升高(P0.05),电针+运动组(YEA)p-Akt,p-mTOR,p-p70S6K表达也显示出升高趋势(P0.05)。结论:电针结合有氧运动可延缓18月龄自然衰老大鼠增龄性骨骼肌萎缩,其分子机制可能与通过激活IGF-I/Akt通路,促进蛋白合成有关。     

Bloqueo del plano del músculo erector de la columna para analgesia de dolor lumbar crónico: serie de casos

BackgroundChronic low back pain (CLBP) is a frequent condition, poorly managed with conventional treatments. The ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block has increasingly been used in the management of acute and chronic pain. We aimed to determine this technique's analgesic efficacy in patients with moderate to severe CLBP.MethodsTen consecutively selected patients: adults, regularly followed in our Pain Clinic with moderate/severe long-term CLBP refractory to pharmacological treatment, VAS > 4. Prospective data collection: before the intervention –demographical data, past medical history, current pain therapies, VAS pain level, Brief Pain Inventory– Short Form and Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire; 30 minutes after – VAS and satisfaction level; 24 and 72 hours, 7 days and 1 month after - complications and pain level.ResultsMajority of females (90%), mean age of 70.3 years-old. All had primary musculoskeletal CLBP. 90% experienced severe pain (VAS > = 7) in the last 24 hours. Half presented neuropathic characteristics. Patients were very satisfied with the technique (mean: 8.75) with immediate pain relief (VAS mean: 2.3). 24 and 72 hours, 7 days and 1 month after the treatment VAS means were 3.2, 3.1, 3.8 and 6.2. We report a 20.8 days duration mean. No short or long-term complications.Discussion and conclusionsUltrasound-guided erector spinae plane block has preliminary advantages in CLBP: easily performed with low complications risk, immediate discharge home with absence of motor block, 100% efficacy at short and medium-terms. Even though pain's relief was shorter than a month, it is a useful tool allowing patients’ well-being, physical rehabilitation and exercise during this period.     

Isolierte Fraktur des Sustentaculum tali: ein Fallbericht

Case reportA 32 years old male patient slipped while going downhill and injured his right foot. The next day X-rays were taken in which no bony injury was seen. Because of persistent complaints additional diagnostic by MRI and CT were performed. These showed a displaced fracture of the sustentaculum tali. The sustentaculum tali was fixed with screws. The fracture healed with a congruent articular surface and good functional outcome.ConclusionFractures of the sustentaculum tali are rare and are overseen frequently because of overlapping structures on X-rays. Even low energy trauma can cause these fractures in young patients. In patients with persistent complaints of the foot an additional cross-sectional diagnostic is strongly recommended.     

不同年龄非特异性腰痛患者腰椎曲度相关因素分析

目的 分析不同年龄段非特异性腰痛患者人口学因素、临床特征及竖脊肌形态与腰椎曲度的相关性.方法 选取2016年1月—2019年12月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院和国家电网北京电力医院收治的临床影像学资料完整的非特异性腰痛患者99例,记录患者年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)、腰痛持续时间、腰痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分.于腰椎侧位X线片测量腰椎前凸角,于腰椎横断面MRI测量L4,5节段去除脂肪信号后的双侧竖脊肌横截面积(CSA)及L4 CSA.依据患者年龄分为≥65岁组(16例)和<65岁组(83例),比较2组人口学因素、腰痛持续时间、VAS评分、竖脊肌参数和腰椎前凸角的差异,并分析腰椎前凸角与其他指标的相关性.结果 <65岁组L4,5节段竖脊肌CSA/L4 CSA高于≥65组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).2组性别、BMI、VAS评分、腰痛持续时间及腰椎前凸角差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).在<65岁组中,相关性检验显示性别和L4,5节段竖脊肌CSA/L4 CSA与腰椎前凸角存在相关性,多元线性回归分析显示腰椎前凸角与L4,5节段竖脊肌CSA/L4 CSA呈正线性相关.在≥65岁组中,相关性检验显示腰椎前凸角与年龄和L4,5节段竖脊肌CSA/L4 CSA存在相关性,多元线性回归分析显示年龄与腰椎前凸角呈负线性相关、与L4,5节段竖脊肌CSA/L4 CSA呈正线性相关.结论 非特异性腰痛患者性别、年龄、L4,5节段竖脊肌CSA/L4 CSA与腰椎曲度均存在相关性,<65岁的患者腰椎曲度与性别相关,≥65岁的患者腰椎曲度与年龄相关,而腰椎曲度与L4,5节段竖脊肌CSA/L4 CSA的相关性不依赖于年龄.     

Colon perforation caused by transanal decompression tube after laparoscopic low anterior resection: A case report

IntroductionThe effectiveness of transanal decompression tube (TDT) to prevent anastomotic leakage after rectal surgery has been widely accepted in recent years. However, a rare complication of intestinal perforation due to TDT has been also reported.Presentation of caseA 88-year-old woman underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer. An abdominal drainage tube adjacent to the colorectal anastomosis and a TDT were placed. The patient experienced abdominal pain, nausea and elevated inflammatory markers on postoperative day 6. Enema and computed tomography demonstrated colonic perforation due to the TDT, and emergency laparotomy was performed. Perforation of the anterior sigmoid colon located at the proximal side of the colorectal anastomosis was seen, and the TDT was exposed to the abdominal cavity. Therefore, primary closure of the perforation site, peritoneal lavage, drainage tube placement and transverse colostomy was performed.DiscussionIn our case, TDT seemed to compress the anterior wall of the colon and lead to perforation. The looseness of the remaining oral intestinal tract depressed in the pelvis was compressed by the TDT.ConclusionTDTs should be very carefully placed to avoid complication. The length and looseness of the oral intestine and the relationship between the TDT to be inserted might be important.