孟鲁斯特对哮喘模型IL-5mRNA和IL-5蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨白三烯受体拮抗剂孟鲁斯特(MK)对哮喘小鼠IL-5mRNA、IL-5蛋白表达的影响。方法 采用原位杂交、免疫组化LSAB法,检测哮喘小鼠及孟鲁斯特治疗后哮喘小鼠骨髓细胞IL-5mRNA的表达及肺、骨髓、脾IL-5蛋白的表达情况。 结果 孟鲁斯特可显著减轻哮喘小鼠肺组织炎症细胞浸润、细支气管痉挛、粘液分泌等;亦可减少骨髓IL-5mRNA阳性细胞数(P<0.02),并使骨髓、肺、脾IL-5蛋白表达下降。 结论 白三烯受体拮抗剂孟鲁斯特不仅使肺部炎症显著减轻,也抑制骨髓细胞表达IL-5mRNA、IL-5蛋白,提示白三烯可能通过调节炎症细胞、细胞因子合成来应答过敏原反应。     

Strategies for understanding. A case study of occupational therapists' communication behaviour

This study focuses on the communication strategies of occupational therapists. Many recent studies in occupational therapy emphasize the importance of having a client-oriented perspective; the needs and wishes of the patient should form the basis for treatment. Such a perspective brings to the fore the capacity of the therapist to enter into the life-world of the patient. Communication, dialogue between patient and therapist, is the basic source of such knowledge. In this paper, understanding verbal acts is seen as fundamentally problematic. The purpose is to analyse what strategies and tactics occupational therapists use to create a basis for their interpretation of patients' messages. What kinds of questions and other forms of verbal behaviour are utilized to check and verify these interpretations? A case-study of communication behaviour during five meetings between patients and therapists in the homes of the patients was undertaken. Seven types of tactics were observed and categorized as belonging to two different strategic dimensions: active-passive and abstract-concrete. Although active strategies were predominant, only one therapist consistently used a combination of ‘asking open questions’ and ‘verifying’ interpretations, the two most active tactics. Most therapists also asked the patients to concretely ‘show in action’ what they meant, but to a varying degree. A consistent use of active-concrete strategies is arguably an ideal way of seeking knowledge and understanding. Empirically, therapists differ in how closely they fit this ideal. This may be a result of training and experience, but also of degree of empathy. This study points to the importance of carefully developing communication strategies in order to fully understand the problems of the patients. Copyright © 1997 Whurr Publishers Ltd.     

两种检测血清结合胆红素方法的结果比较

[目的]比较2，4-二氯苯胺重氮法（DCA）和钒酸盐氧化法检测血清结合胆红素的结果。[方法]根据NCCLS（EP6-P）评价方案，评估两种方法的相关性和偏倚。[结果]两种方法的检测结果相关性良好（r=0．9985），Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组检测结果无差异，Ⅳ组结果有差异。[结论]应建立与方法学相对应的血清结合胆红素参考值范围。     

Inhibition and superactivation of the calcium-stimulated isoforms of adenylyl cyclase

It was shown previously that chronic exposure to opiate agonists increases adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity, a phenomenon termed AC superactivation (or supersensitization). More recently, we showed that acute G_i/o-coupled receptor activation inhibits the activity of several AC isozymes, including Ca²⁺/calmodulin-stimulated AC-I and -VIII, whereas chronic receptor activation induces their superactivation. Here, we report that both acute μ-opioid receptor-induced inhibition and chronic induced superactivation of AC-I and -VIII are pertussis toxin sensitive. In addition, we show that proteins that interfere with the activity of {ie195-2} subunits ({ie195-3} scavengers) strongly attenuate the acute inhibition of AC-I and -VIII and the superactivation of AC-I, and abolish the superactivation of AC-VIII. Based on these results, we suggest that {ie195-4} is involved in the acute inhibition and chronic agonist-induced superactivation of AC types I and VIII.     

The behaviorally active peptide ACTH 4-10: Measurement in plasma and pharmacokinetics in man

Summary A specific radioimmunoassay for the quantitative measurement of ACTH 4-10 and a procedure for its extraction from plasma have been developed.Its pharmacokinetics was studied in eight healthy male volunteers given ACTH 4-10 125 µg/kg body weight as a bolus i.v. injection, by infusion and intranasally. Following the i.v. bolus, plasma levels rapidly declined biexponentially, with half-lives of 0.39±0.05 min for the -phase and 3.84 ± 1.5 min for the -phase (mean±SD). The constant rate i.v. infusion yielded steady-state levels between 0.74 and 5.06 ng/ml plasma. Administered as intranasal spray, absorption of intact ACTH 4-10 was low and variable (maximal bioavailability 7.6%).The results are discussed in relation to the dose-dependent effects of ACTH 4-10 on the auditory evoked potential.     

The depressing effect of tetracaine and ryanodine on the slow outward current correlated with that of contraction in voltage-clamped frog muscle fibres

The effects of tetracaine (10–50 M) and ryanodine (0.1–10 M) were tested on the slow outward K⁺ current (I _so) and the mechanical tension of isolated frog muscle fibres in a voltage-clamp device (double mannitol-gap) connected to a mechanoelectric transducer. In the concentration range tested, both drugs induced a simultaneous inhibition of tension and current. In all cases the effect on tension was twice that on current. The tetracaine-induced current and tension blocks were fully reversible and dose-dependent. In contrast the ryanodine effects on current and tension were not reversible and did not exhibit a dose dependence except for the delay before the onset of the response, which was shortened when the concentration was raised. Linear regression analysis of the time-dependent and dose-dependent effects of both drugs indicated a strong correlation between the decreases in tension and current. It is concluded that the slow outward current is partly under the control of the Ca²⁺ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum during contraction.     

Regional brain kinetics of 6-fluoro-(β-11C)-L-dopa and (β-11C)-L-dopa following COMT inhibition. A study in vivo using positron emission tomography

Summary The regional brain kinetics of (-11C)-L-dopa and 6-fluoro-(-11C)-L-dopa was measured in six Rhesus monkeys using positron emission tomography (PET). Radioactivity accumulated specifically in the striatal region and the increase in L-dopa-derived radioactivity utilization with time was calculated using surrounding brain as a reference area, this being devoid of dopaminergic activity. The rate constant for selective striatal utilization i.e. grossly decarboxylation was 0.0110 ± 0.0007 (S.D) and 0.0057 ± 0.0006 min1 for (-11C)-L-dopa and 6-fluoro-(-11C)-L-dopa, respectively. After pre-treatment of the monkeys with the peripherally and centrally active catecholamine-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor Ro 40-7592 10 mg/kg, the decarboxylation rate remained unchanged (0.0112 ± 0.0015 min-1) for (11C)-L-dopa, whereas an increase in rate was measured for 6-fluoro-(-11C)L-dopa (0.0092 ± 0.0015 min–1). Differences in the distribution of radiolabelled metabolites i.e. the corresponding O-methyl-L-dopa in the reference area is most probably the reason for the difference in calculated decarboxylation rate seen between the radiotracers. The higher decarboxylation rate measured for 6-fluoro-(-11C)-L-dopa after blockade of COMT shows that the radiolabelled metabolites i.e. 6-fluoro-O-methyl-(-11C)-L-dopa significantly contributes to background radioactivity.     

Virion-bound ICAM-1 and activated LFA-1: a combination of factors conferring resistance to neutralization by sera from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals independently of the disease status and phase

The role of the supplementary interaction between virion-bound host ICAM-1 and LFA-1 on target cells in sensitivity to neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is poorly studied. Serum samples from four long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) and sequential sera from one progressor were used to assess neutralization sensitivity of isogenic ICAM-1-negative and ICAM-1-bearing HIV-1(NL4-3), a prototype of T-cell-line-adapted viruses. We found that virus neutralization sensitivity to the studied sera is not modified by the additional interaction between virally embedded ICAM-1 and LFA-1 under an inactive state. However, expression on the target cell surface of an activated LFA-1 form renders ICAM-1-bearing virus particles, but not viruses devoid of ICAM-1, more refractory to neutralization by sera from three out of four LTNPs and all sequential sera from the person who has experienced a progression of the HIV-1-associated disease. Although no conclusive correlation could be drawn between virus susceptibility to neutralization and the disease status or stages of HIV-1 infection, these findings demonstrate that other nonspecific virus-cell interactions mediated by virion-anchored host proteins and their normal cognate ligands on target cells represent factors that can affect the mechanism of HIV-1 neutralization.