大学生D型人格与孤独感的相关性

目的:了解大学生D型人格与孤独感的相关性,为关注其心理健康提供实证依据。方法:分层随机抽取397名大学生使用D型人格量表和UCLA孤独量表进行施测,以SPSS 17.0进行统计分析。结果:1大学生D型人格检出率为32.74%,其中男大学生D型人格检出率为16.62%,女大学生D型人格检出率为16.12%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。大三学生D型人格检出率最高为10.08%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=21.528,P0.001);2大学生D型人格的高孤独感比率明显高于非D型人格,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=53.425,P0.001);3相关分析显示,大学生D型人格的负性情感因子(NA)与孤独感呈正相关(r=0.449,P0.01),社交抑制因子(SI)与孤独感呈正相关(r=0.499,P0.01)。结论:D型人格的大学生更易表现出高孤独感倾向。     

The impact of loneliness and social isolation on the development of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, observed at a higher incidence in women compared with men. Treatments aimed at improving pathology in AD remain ineffective to stop disease progression. This makes the detection of the early intervention strategies to reduce future disease risk extremely important. Isolation and loneliness have been identified among the major risk factors for AD. The increasing prevalence of both loneliness and AD emphasizes the urgent need to understand this association to inform treatment. Here we present a comprehensive review of both clinical and preclinical studies that investigated loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for AD. We discuss that understanding the mechanisms of how loneliness exacerbates cognitive impairment and AD with a focus on sex differences will shed the light for the underlying mechanisms regarding loneliness as a risk factor for AD and to develop effective prevention or treatment strategies.     

Investigation of physiological and psychological effects of robotic cat and betta fish therapies in hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled study

AimsThis randomized controlled study was conducted to investigate the physiological and psychological effects of pet therapy in hemodialysis patients.BackgroundPet therapy has both physiological and psychological effects on individuals with chronic diseases. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have examined the physiological and psychological effects of pet treatment in hemodialysis patients worldwide.DesignA randomized controlled study.MethodsThe study was completed with 18 robotic cats, 18 Betta fish, and 18 control group patients. The data were collected at XXX State Hospital between May and September 2021 using data collection tools. Robotic pet treatment was applied to the robotic cat group for 20 min a week for two months during hemodialysis. The Betta fish group was allowed to keep Betta fish at home for two months, and they were followed for another two months. The data were evaluated in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 23.0 package program. The study was registered on Clinical Trials (NCT05339711).ResultsDuring robotic cat therapy, patients' loneliness and dialysis symptoms decreased, and happiness and treatment adherence to the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) increased; In the post-test follow-up, in the first measurement, the treatment adherence to the ESRD decreased, the loneliness and dialysis symptoms increased, the happiness did not change; In the second measurement of the post-test, happiness, and treatment adherence to ESRD decreased, loneliness and dialysis symptoms increased. During Betta fish therapy, patients' body mass index, happiness, and treatment adherence to ESRD increased, loneliness and dialysis symptoms decreased; in the first measurement, and loneliness, dialysis symptoms, body mass index, and treatment adherence to the ESRD increased; In the second measurement, loneliness, dialysis symptoms increased, body mass index and happiness decreased.ConclusionsThe study revealed that Robotic cat and Betta fish therapies had positive physiological and psychological effects in hemodialysis patients, and these effects were different from each other.     

Parents as a resource: Communication quality affects the relationship between adolescents' internet use and loneliness

The authors examined the influence of parent–adolescent communication quality, as perceived by the adolescents, on the link between adolescents' Internet use and loneliness, controlling for perceived family support in general terms. Adolescents (N = 216, M_age = 15.80 years) provided data on Internet use, loneliness, Internet-related parent–adolescent communication, and perceived family support. Moderated regression analyses showed that Internet-related communication quality determined whether more extensive Internet use was associated with more loneliness. This moderation effect remained significant when perceived family support in general terms was controlled for. Gender and age of the participants did not influence the findings. Implications for successful Internet-related parenting strategies are discussed.     

Loneliness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic—are unpartnered and childless older adults at higher risk?

COVID-19 mitigation efforts had the potential to exacerbate loneliness among older adults, particularly for the unpartnered or childless, yet specific studies on loneliness among these groups during the COVID-19 pandemic are lacking. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) collected before (October 2019–March 2020) and during the pandemic (June–August 2020), we examine two loneliness outcomes: (1) “have you felt lonely recently?” (both datasets) and (2) “have you felt lonelier than before the pandemic?” (2020), and examine differences by partnership and parenthood status. Before COVID-19, those who lacked one tie but had the other (unpartnered parents or partnered childless) were at highest loneliness risk. During COVID-19, unpartnered and childless—especially unpartnered—remain at higher risk for loneliness, entering loneliness, and not “exiting” loneliness. We discuss these findings in light of family norms and needs in pandemic and non-pandemic times and provide recommendations for future research.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10433-022-00718-x.     

脑卒中患者社会疏离及影响因素研究

目的 探讨脑卒中患者社会疏离现状及影响因素,为干预性研究提供依据。方法 应用一般情况调查表、Lubben社会网络量表、孤独感量表、脑卒中病耻感量表、自我感受负担量表,于2022年9月采用整群随机取样对河南省脑卒中患者进行调查。应用t检验、单因素方差分析、多元逐步线性回归进行分析。结果 共纳入患者1 028名,其中27.7%患者存在客观社会疏离,10.6%患者存在家庭隔离,8.9%患者存在朋友隔离,41.0%存在高风险社会隔离,27.8%患者存在主观社会疏离。客观社会疏离总分为（15.61±5.37）分,主观社会疏离总分为（41.65±9.08）分,处于中等水平。自我感受负担、病耻感与主观社会疏离呈正相关。多元逐步分析结果显示,自我感受负担、病耻感、文化程度、脑卒中发作次数、TOAST分型是其主要影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 脑卒中患者客观社会疏离较常见,主观社会疏离处于中等水平。在护理工作中应重点关注文化程度低、病情重、复发、自我感受负担和病耻感高的患者,采取针对性的干预措施。     

大学生手机依赖综合征及与孤独感关系

目的 了解大学生手机依赖综合征（MPDS）的现状及其与孤独感的关系。方法 通过便利抽样方法,对复旦大学在校大学生进行一般情况、手机依赖和孤独感情况进行调查,应用累积logistic回归分析大学生MPDS与孤独感的关系。结果 共有效调查大学生915人,其中手机依赖综合征（MPDS）现患率为22.4%（205/915）;最近遭遇较大挫折（32.4%）及健康状况差（63.6%）的大学生MPDS现患率较高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;92.8%（849/915）的大学生存在不同程度的孤独感,其中高度孤独体验者占35.0%（320/915）;有手机依赖综合征的大学生发生孤独感的可能性是非手机依赖综合征患者的1.60倍（OR=1.60,95%CI=1.19~2.14）。结论 MPDS在大学生群体中现患率较高,并且是大学生孤独感的危险因素。     

精神分裂症患者缓解期孤独感与病耻感现状及相关性

目的探讨精神分裂症患者缓解期孤独感与病耻感现状及相关性。方法选择2016年6月至2019年3月我院收治的110例精神分裂症缓解期患者为研究对象,采用情绪-社交孤独问卷(ESLI)调查其孤独感情况,采用精神疾病病耻感调查表(ISMI)调查其病耻感情况,并分析两者的相关性。结果精神分裂症患者ESLI总分(30.23±4.81)分,其中情绪孤立评分最高,为(8.82±1.81)分,其次为社交孤立、情绪孤独与社交孤独;ISMI总分(10.54±2.01)分,其中社交回避评分最高,为(2.82±0.33)分,其次为歧视经历、刻板印象认可、对抗病耻感及疏远;ESLI总分与ISMI总分呈正相关。结论精神分裂症患者存在孤独感,主要表现为情绪孤立和被孤立方面,孤独感与病耻感呈正相关关系,患者的精神分裂症到达缓解期后应关注其心理健康,辅助其建立良好人际关系,以降低孤独感与病耻感。     

Reaching people with disabilities to learn about their experiences of social connection and loneliness

BackgroundPeople with disabilities experience higher rates of social isolation and loneliness than people without disabilities, but there is limited information about how these conditions are manifested in people with specific types of disabilities.ObjectivesUsing data collected as part of the second administration of the National Survey on Health and Disability (n = 2,132), our objectives were to determine if disability type and recruitment method added explanatory power to observed levels of social connectedness, after controlling for socio-demographic and environmental indicators.MethodsWe used hierarchical regression to evaluate how socio-demographic, disability, environmental, and recruitment type explained four outcome variables for different dimensions of social connectedness, including satisfaction with social activity, quantity of social connections, quality of social connections, and loneliness.ResultsAcross all models, employment status (not employed), having mental illness/psychiatric disability, lack of transportation for social needs, and recruitment type (MTurk) significantly predicted lower levels of social connectedness.ConclusionsThe study provides evidence that using alternative methods, such as MTurk, to complement conventional recruitment strategies can improve understanding of social isolation and feelings of loneliness among people with disabilities, particularly those with mental illnesses and/or psychiatric disorders who are less likely to be accessed through group affiliations, but who are at greater risk for experiencing social isolation and feelings of loneliness.