脊柱外科术后感染的影响因素分析

目的分析脊柱外科手术后发生感染的独立危险因素。方法分析脊柱外科接受手术治疗的病例资料,40例术后30 d内发生感染的患者作为病例组,同时匹配同期40例未发生感染的患者作为对照组。收集可能影响术后感染的相关因素,采用单因素条件多因素条件Logistic回归分析对纳入的单因素进行逐步筛选,之后采用多因素条件Logistic回归分析进一步明确可造成脊柱外科术后感染的独立危险因素。结果单因素Logistic回归分析初步筛选出术后感染与年龄、营养状况、糖尿病、既往手术史、手术范围、术后转入ICU和预防性抗生素使用不当因素相关性较高(P0.05)。进一步采用多因素Logistic回归分析发现营养状况、糖尿病、术后转入ICU和预防性抗生素使用不当是影响脊柱外科术后感染的独立危险因素。结论营养状况、糖尿病、术后转入ICU和预防性抗生素使用不当是导致脊柱外科术后感染的独立危险因素,临床上应密切关注,以防感染。     

仡佬族0～1岁婴儿生长发育状况及影响因素分析

目的 分析贵州省数个仡佬族村寨0～1岁新生儿的生长发育水平及影响因素,为仡佬族婴儿健康生长提供科学参考。方法 选取贵州省务川县7个乡镇的少数民族村寨进行调查,对2012年11月1日-2013年11月1日出生的306名仡佬族婴儿及其产妇进行为期1年的体格检查和随访,运用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。结果 务川县产后24 h内的母乳喂养率为92.4%,到6月龄时下降为27.5%;仡佬族男婴体重、身长指标均值高于女婴,而6月龄起男婴头围均值低于女婴(P＜0.05);3月龄后婴儿体重、身长值均低于WHO标准(P＜0.05),产妇的妇幼保健知识平均得分为(4.10±1.36)分;各月龄组男女婴儿中重度低体重和生长迟缓的发生率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中3～8月龄男婴中重度生长迟缓的发生率高于女婴,而男女婴儿中重度低头围和胸围的发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);经Logistic回归分析,发现婴儿的生长发育状况受其性别、家庭年收入、父亲教育程度、母亲妇幼知识得分及辅食添加的影响(P＜0.05)。结论 仡佬族婴儿生长发育状况与WHO标准存在一定差异,应及时提出相应的干预意见,改善该群体的生长发育状况。     

Computer aided classification system for breast ultrasound based on Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS)

Clinically, the ultrasound findings are evaluated by its sonographic characteristics and then assigned to assessment categories according to the definitions of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) developed by the American College of Radiology. In this study, a computer-aided classification (CAC) system was proposed to classify the masses into assessment categories 3, 4 and 5, which simulated the clinical diagnosis of radiologists. Compared with current computer-aided diagnosis systems, the proposed CAC system classifies the indeterminate cases into BI-RADS category 4 for further diagnosis. Six hundred twenty-six cases were collected from three ultrasound systems and confirmed by pathology and retrospectively classified into categories 3, 4 and 5 by radiologists. The multinomial logistic regression model was trained as the CAC system for predicting the assessment category from the computerized BI-RADS features and from a set of machine-dependent factors. By using the machine-dependent factors to indicate the adopted ultrasound systems, the same regression model could be applied for the cases acquired from different ultrasound systems. A basic CAC system was trained by using the classification result of radiologists. A weighted CAC system, to improve the capacity of the basic CAC system in differentiating benign from malignant lesions, was trained by adding the pathologic result. Between the radiologists and the basic CAC system, a substantial agreement was indicated by Cohen's kappa statistic and the differences in either the performance indices or the A(Z) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were not statistically significant. For the weighted CAC system, the performance indices accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 73.00% (457 of 626), 98.17% (215 of 219), 59.46% (242 of 407), 56.58% (215 of 380) and 98.37% (242 of 246), respectively; the A(Z) was 0.94; and the correlation with the radiologists was also substantial agreement. The indices accuracy and specificity of weighted CAC system, compared with those of the radiologists, were improved by 5.91% and 8.85%, respectively and the indices of sensitivity and NPV, compared with those of a conventional CAD system, were improved by 10.5% and 5.21%, respectively; all improvements were statistically significant. To classify the mass into BI-RADS assessment categories by the CAC system is feasible. Moreover, the proposed CAC system is flexible because it can be used to diagnose the cases acquired from different ultrasound systems.     

老年腹股沟疝患者行疝修补术后并发症的多因素Logistic回归分析

目的探讨老年腹股沟疝患者行疝修补术后并发症的危险因素,为预防并发症的发生提供依据。 方法选取2017年1至12月安徽医科大学附属六安医院收治的行疝修补术的老年腹股沟疝患者122例作为研究对象,搜集患者的基本临床资料,并随访术后1年的并发症发生情况,采用单因素分析与多因素Logistic回归分析术后并发症发生的危险因素。 结果随访1年,失访患者9例,随访成功的113例患者中有21例存在相关并发症,总发生率为18.58%：其中手术部位感染6例（切口浅表感染4例,皮下脓胀1例,补片感染1例）,术后疼痛4例,尿潴留3例,血清肿3例,股静脉血管损伤2例,术后复发2例,膀胱损伤1例。单因素分析结果显示,并发症发生与年龄、粘连程度、内环口大小、术前合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病、麻醉ASA分级与疝内容物是否完全回纳相关（P<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：年龄、粘连程度、内环口大小与疝内容物是否完全回纳是术后并发症发生的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。 结论老年患者腹股沟疝进行手术治疗后一年内的并发症发生率不低,其中高龄、疝环重度粘连、内环口较大与疝内容物无法完全回纳的患者术后并发症的风险更高,需要重点关注这类术后并发症高危患者以采取相应预防措施。     

Differentiation between benign and malignant ovarian masses using multiparametric MRI

PurposeTo investigate the capabilities of multiparametric MRI including dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) perfusion and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to discriminate between benign and malignant ovarian masses.MethodsA total of 43 women with a total of 43 ovarian masses were retrospectively included. They had a mean age of 51.26 ± 18.05 (SD) years (range: 20–88 years). Twenty women had benign and 23 had malignant ovarian tumors. All women had multiparametric MRI examinations including DWI (b50-b800) and DCE perfusion imaging at 1–5 T. Results of DWI (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], b-800) and DCE imaging (volume transfer coefficient [K^trans], rate constant [K_ep], interstitial volume [V_e], initial area under the curve [iAUC]) were compared between benign and malignant ovarian masses.ResultsMean ADC was significantly lowed in malignant tumors (0.92 ± 0.25 [SD] ×10⁻³ mm²/s (range: 0.6–1.6 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) than in benign tumors (1.37 ± 0.69 [SD] × 10⁻³ mm²/s; range: 0.4–2.9 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) (P = 0.011). B-800 was significantly greater in malignant tumors (80.61 ± 24.73 [SD] s/mm²; range: 24–110 s/mm²) than in benign ones (61.15 ± 22.17 [SD] s/mm²; range: 38–155 s/mm²) (P = 0.010).  K^trans was lower in benign tumors (0.13 ± 0.06 [SD] min⁻¹; range: 0–0.2 min⁻¹) than in malignant ones (0.25 ± 0.16 [SD] min⁻¹; range: 0.1–0.8 min⁻¹) (P = 0.002).  K_ep was significantly greater in malignant tumors (0.55 ± 0.19 [SD] min⁻¹; range: 0.1–1.9 min⁻¹) than in benign ones (0.44 ± 0.38 [SD] min⁻¹; range: 0.2–1.1 min⁻¹) (P = 0.003). iAUC was greater in malignant tumors (15.59 ± 7.98 [SD] mM/min; range: 6.6–42.1 mM/min) than in benign ones (7.98 ± 5.06 [SD] mM/min; range: 0.2–17.7 mM/min) (P = 0.001). No differences in V_e were found between benign and malignant masses (P = 0.084). The area under the ROC curve was significant for all parameters but V_e. Logistic regression analysis revealed 5.590 and 11.637 times higher malignancy risk for an ADC ≤ 0.93 × 10⁻³ mm²/s and an iAUC ≥ 13.88 mM/min, respectively.ConclusionMultiparametric MRI has high accuracy in discrimination between benign and malignant ovarian masses. Therefore, adding these methods to the more common MRI protocol can help select the best treatment option in women with ovarian mass.     

Impact of type of procedure and surgeon on EuroSCORE operative risk validation

Objective

EuroSCORE has been used in cardiac surgery operative risk assessment, despite important variables were not included. The objective of this study was to validate EuroSCORE on mortality prediction in a Brazilian cardiovascular surgery center, defining the influence of type of procedure and surgical team.

Methods

Between January 2006 and June 2011, 2320 consecutive adult patients were studied. According to additive EuroSCORE, patients were divided into low risk (score<2), medium risk (3 - 5), high risk (6 - 11) and very high risk (>12). The relation between observed mortality (O) and expected mortality (E) according to logistic EuroSCORE was calculated for each of the groups, types of procedures and surgeons with > 150 operations, and analyzed by logistic regression.

Results

EuroSCORE correlated to the observed mortality (O/E=0.94; P<0.0001; area under the curve 0.78). However, it overestimated the mortality in very high risk patients (O/E=0.74; P=0.001). EuroSCORE tended to overestimate isolated myocardial revascularization mortality (O/E=0.81; P=0.0001) and valve surgery mortality (O/E=0.89; P=0.007) and it tended to underestimate combined procedures mortality (O/E=1.09; P<0.0001). EuroSCORE overestimated surgeon A mortality (O/E=0.46; P<0.0001) and underestimated surgeon B mortality (O/E=1.3; P<0.0001), in every risk category.

Conclusion

In the present population, EuroSCORE overestimates mortality in very high risk patients, being influenced by type of procedure and surgical team. The most appropriate surgical team may minimize risks imposed by preoperative profiles.     

江苏省淮安市常住居民健康素养影响因素分析

目的 了解江苏省淮安市常住居民健康素养水平分布状况,并探索其影响因素,为制定健康教育干预策略和措施提供依据.方法 采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,于2012年9至12月对淮安市15～ 69岁3 480名常住居民进行问卷调查,调查内容分为基本知识和理念、健康生活方式和行为、基本技能等三个维度;按健康问题分为科学健康观、传染病预防、慢性病预防、安全与急救、基本医疗和其他等6类.对健康素养水平影响因素进行x2检验和Logistic回归分析.结果 3 480名调查对象具备健康素养水平的人数为424名,健康素养水平为12.2％.单因素分析显示,城乡、性别、不同年龄组、不同文化程度、不同职业人群、家庭年收入高低,健康素养水平差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,相对于农村,城市对健康素养影响的OR （95％ CI）值为1.558（1.234～ 1.966）;相对于不识字或识字很少,小学、初中、高中/职高/中专、大专/本科及以上对健康素养影响的OR（95％CI）值分别为4.651 （2.327～9.295）、9.833 （5.121～ 18.880）、15.451 （7.798～ 30.615）和22.937（10.766～ 48.870）;相对于公务员,医务人员对健康素养影响的OR（95％CI）值为3.789（1.292～11.114）;相对于家庭年收入＜30 000元,≥30 000元对健康素养影响的OR（95％CI）值为1.478（1.149～1.901）,是健康素养的促进（危险）因素.结论 淮安市15～ 69岁常住居民健康素养水平为12.2％,健康素养水平较低,应加强健康素养干预和监测研究,制定有效的对策和措施,促进健康素养水平的全面提高.     

新生儿神经行为评分的围产期影响因素研究

目的 探讨新生儿神经行为能力及其相关围产期影响因素.方法 应用鲍秀兰等建立的新生儿神经行为评定法（neonatal behavioral neurological assessment,NBNA）对298例足月儿进行新生儿神经行为能力评定,使用自编的“基本资料调查问卷”收集新生儿及其家庭资料.以NBNA总分为因变量,19项围产期影响因素为自变量,采用Logistic回归分析筛选影响因素.结果 新生儿NBNA评分的合格率为99.33％,孕周及孕期情绪为新生儿NBNA得分的有利因素,偏回归系数分别为-0.41和-0.33,而孕妇年龄则为新生儿NBNA得分的不利因素.结论 孕周长和孕期情绪好可促进新生儿神经行为发育,而孕妇年龄大则对其神经行为发育造成影响.     

抗结核治疗致药物性肝损伤的危险因素分析

目的分析抗结核治疗致药物性肝损伤的危险因素。方法回顾性分析南京市胸科医院2013年诊断为结核病的451例病例,并对可能影响抗结核治疗致药物性肝损伤的危险因素进行多因素Logistic分析。结果年龄(≤45岁)和脂肪肝为危险因素。结论对青壮年(≤45岁)人群、脂肪肝患者,应采取勤监测、早发现、早治疗的措施,以减少抗结核治疗药物性肝损伤的不良反应,改善患者临床症状,减轻患者负担。     

肝细胞癌发病危险因素Logistic回归分析*

目的 探讨肝细胞癌发病的危险因素。方法 2019年1月～2021年1月青海省第四人民医院消化科和青海大学附属医院介入科确诊为肝细胞癌(HCC)患者150例,收集患者临床资料,采用Logistic回归分析法行单因素和多因素分析。结果 单因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、肝癌家族史、饮酒史、血小板计数、HBsAg阳性、血清HBV DNA和肝硬化等7个因素具有显著性意义,多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄(P=0.001,OR=1.077)、肝癌家族史(P=0.008,OR=4.351)、血小板计数异常(P=0.004,OR=9.071)、HBsAg阳性(P＜0.001,OR=16.418)、HBV DNA(P=0.004,OR=6.345)和肝硬化(P＜0.001,OR=9.315)为HCC发生的独立危险因素。结论 了解HCC发生的危险因素有助于预防,及时抗病毒和预防肝硬化的发生可能非常有意义。