Development of a Questionnaire Method to Discriminate Between Typical and Atypical Genotypes of Low Km Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in a Japanese Population

Nearly half of all Orientals exhibit aversive symptoms, such as "Oriental flushing" or palpitation, during alcohol consumption. This high alcohol sensitivity among Orientals has been attributed to a highly prevalent polymorphism in low K_m aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2). In the present study, we attempted to develop a reliable questionnaire method to probe the frequency of alcohol drinking-related symptoms to estimate the ALDH2 genotype. Four-hundred twenty-four male and 100 female workers provided blood samples for polymerase chain reaction analysis and completed the questionnaire. We performed a stepwise logistic regression analysis to discriminate between the typical homozygote ( ALDH2*1/*1 ) and the atypical heterozygote ( ALDH2*1/*2 ) in male subjects. Because of the limitation in the sample size for ALDH2*2/*2 , this genotype was not included in the analysis. Results revealed that only three symptoms (facial flushing, flushing elsewhere, and palpitation) were enough to correctly predict the ALDH2 genotypes in ∼89% of all subjects. The present questionnaire method ( AL cohol Sensitivity screening Test; ALST) takes a little time and effort for the genotype determination, and may be especially useful in epidemiological studies with a large sample size or with subjects from whom DNA samples are not available.     

深圳市女性性罪错人群梅毒发病有关因素分析

目的　探讨女性性罪错人群梅毒流行的影响因素。方法　对深圳市妇教所近 5年来 3877例女性性罪错人群的常规体检资料进行t检验、χ2 检验和Loglstic回归分析等。结果　深圳市女性性罪错人群不同年份梅毒阳性检出率差异有非常显著的统计学意义 ( χ2 =30 388,P =0 0 0 1) ,以 1997年阳性检出率最高 ( 15 38% ) ;不同年龄的阳性检出率差异有非常显著的统计学意义 ( χ2 =4 1 6 2 9,P =0 0 0 1) ,以 2 5岁以上者最高 ( 15 71% ) ;不同来源地区的阳性检出率差异有显著的统计学意义 ( χ2 =9 80 3,P =0 0 4 4 ) ,以西部地区 ( 11 87% )最高 ;不同原职业的阳性检出率差异无显著的统计学意义 ( χ2 =6 5 0 3,P =0 4 82 ) ;不同现职业的阳性检出率差异有显著的统计学意义( χ2 =7 90 3,P =0 0 4 8) ,以卖淫者最高 ( 11 70 % ) ;不同文化程度的阳性检出率差异有显著的统计学意义 ( χ2 =2 1 6 2 6 ,P =0 0 0 2 ) ,以文盲最高 ( 2 0 0 0 % ) ;不同婚姻状况阳性检出率差异有非常显著的统计学意义 ( χ2 =15 918,P =0 0 0 1) ,以已婚者检出率最高 ( 13 4 2 % )。多因素Loglistic回归分析中 ,年份、年龄、文化程度及籍贯被引入模型 ,说明它们是女性性罪错人群梅毒发病的有关因素 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　年     

超声特征评价周围型肺结核的Logistic回归模型的建立

目的探讨灰阶超声（GSU）、超声造影（CEUS）及超声引导下经皮肺穿刺在周围型肺结核诊断中的应用价值,建立周围型肺结核的Logistic回归诊断模型。 方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年12月在浙江大学医学院附属杭州市胸科医院就诊并经病理及Gene X-pert MTB/RIF检查证实的周围型肺结节患者61例,共61个结节。将患者分为结核病组43例,非结核病组18例。所有患者均行GSU、CEUS、超声引导经皮肺穿刺术,记录病灶形态、内部回声、支气管征、造影到达时间（AT）、造影剂到达病灶与邻近肺组织时间差、灌注模式、增强程度等超声特征及活检组织完整性,并进行单因素分析。然后将各项参数纳入Logistic多因素回归分析,建立周围型肺结核的Logistic回归诊断模型,并绘制ROC曲线,计算该模型预测周围型肺结核的诊断效能。 结果结核病组与非结核病组的病灶形态、造影剂AT、造影剂到达时间差、灌注模式参数比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=6.811、5.770、5.960、5.728,P均＜0.05）。二分类Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、结节形态、造影剂到达时间差、灌注模式4个变量进入Logistic回归模型,回归方程式为：Logit（P）=-3.565+1.868X₂+2.469X₃+1.734X₇+2.650X₈。回归模型预测周围型肺结核的ROC曲线下面积为0.911,以Logit（P）≥0.50为截断值,其预测准确性为87.3%,敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为94.6%、72.2%、87.5%、86.7%。 结论以周围型肺结节患者年龄、病灶形态、造影剂到达病灶与邻近肺组织时间差、灌注模式为纳入因素的Logistic回归模型有助于诊断周围型肺结核。     

高血压性脑出血患者发病24h内血肿扩大的危险因素分析:一项单中心256例回顾性研究

目的研究发病24h内的急性高血压性脑出血(AHCH)患者发生血肿扩大的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2008年3月-2013年3月广东省中医院符合纳入排除标准的AHCH患者256例的病例资料。收集患者的一般情况、既往病史、个人史、临床特点、CT检查结果、实验室检查指标、活血化瘀类中药使用情况。根据血肿扩大与否分为血肿扩大组与非血肿扩大组。首先对各项指标进行单因素分析,然后将经过单因素分析有统计学意义的因素作为自变量,血肿扩大结果作为因变量,采用多因素logistic回归分析法分析脑出血患者早期血肿扩大的独立相关因素。将各危险因素和血肿扩大作为自变量,3个月随访时以m RS(modified Rankin Scale)量表作为因变量,采用logistic回归分析急性期血肿扩大是否影响患者3个月的预后。m RS 0~2级为恢复良好,3~6级为严重致残或死亡。检验水准取α=0.05。结果 256例患者中,有43例发生了血肿扩大,血肿扩大发生率为16.80%。单因素分析结果显示,男性、入院GCS评分、入院NIHSS评分、病程、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)是导致血肿扩大的危险因素,而多因素分析则显示,仅男性、病程是导致血肿扩大的独立危险因素。此外,logistic回归分析结果显示血肿扩大是影响患者结局的独立危险因素,入院时血肿体积、病程、NIHSS评分也是影响患者3个月随访结局的独立危险因素。结论男性、发病到入院时间较短(2h内)的患者应警惕血肿扩大的风险,而出血量大、血肿再次扩大、高NIHSS评分、发病时间短则提示患者预后不良。     

The current state of chronic dialysis treatment in Japan (as of December 31, 2000)

The annual statistical survey conducted at the end of 2000 by the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy collected responses from 3358 (99.94%) of 3360 institutions. Japan's total dialysis patient population at the end of the year 2000, as identified by this survey, was 206,134, an increase of 8921 (4.5%) over 1999. This translates to 1624.1 patients per million population. The annual crude mortality rate was 9.4% for the period starting at the end of the year 1999 and ending at the end of the year 2000. The mean patient age at the initiation of dialysis treatment was 63.8 (+/- 13.9; +/- SD) years; the mean age of the overall dialysis patient population was 61.2 years (+/- 13.3). Both these mean ages, which had been increasing since 1983, again continued to increase. Among the primary diagnosis, the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy had continued to increase again since 1999, to 36.6%, whereas that of chronic glomerulonephritis had continued to decline, down to 32.5%, during the same one-year period since the 1999 survey. The 2000 years-end survey incorporated the following additional variables for the first time: usage of oral antihypertensives, pre- and post-dialysis systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum HDL cholesterol level, types and dosage of oral Vitamin D analogs administered, dosage of oral calcium carbonate administered, history of intervention for peripheral vascular disease (bypass surgery, synthetic graft replacement, stenting), history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), history of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), whether stenting had been previously performed for the treatment of ischemic heart disease, number of cigarettes smoked, the type of vascular access used at the initiation of dialysis, and the year and month the vascular access was created. The survey results indicate that 60.9% of the total dialysis patient population was using oral antihypertensives. The patients' mean serum HDL cholesterol level was 47.65 +/- 18.47 mg/dL, showing positive correlation with serum albumin level and reverse correlation with body mass index. 1.6% of all dialysis patients had previously undergone amputation, and 0.7% had a history of bypass surgery for peripheral vascular disorder. 4.5% of hemodialysis patients had a history of cardiac infarction, 1.6% had previously undergone CABG, and 2.8%, PTCA. At the time the survey was conducted, 2.0% of all dialysis patients were undergoing oral Vitamin D analog pulse therapy, and 6% were undergoing intravenous Vitamin D analog pulse therapy. A history of amputation, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, and cerebral bleeding were identified as high-risk factors of vital prognosis. Additionally, high mortality risk was associated with the following: glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels exceeding 20 IU/L; positive HCV antibody status; comorbid conditions such as hepatic cell carcinoma and liver cirrhosis; platelet counts below 100,000/mL or equal to or greater than 200,000/mL; C-reactive protein levels of 0.2 mg/dL and higher, leukocyte counts of less than 3000/mL or equal to or greater than 8000/mL; and body mass index of below 22 kg/m2, as well as total serum cholesterol levels of below 160 mg/dL or equal to or greater than 260 mg/dL.     

影响2型糖尿病患者自主神经功能的相关因素

目的探讨影响2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者自主神经功能的相关因素。方法将T2DM患者按心率变异性（HRV）分为HRV正常组和降低组,并调查检测和收集了患者的年龄、糖尿病病程、冠心病病程、高血压病程、脑血管病病程、血脂和血糖等资料。结果用单因素非条件Logistic回归分析发现HRV降低与年龄、DM病程、冠心病、收缩压、脉压、三酰甘油、尿素氮、肌酐、尿微量白蛋白及DM视网膜病变有关（P<0.05,P<0.01）。用多因素非条件logistic回归筛选分析,年龄、三酰甘油、尿素氮、DM视网膜病变是影响DM患者自主神经功能的相关因素。结论T2DM患者自主神经功能与患者年龄、三酰甘油、尿素氮和DM视网膜病变有关联。     

癫痫持续状态相关危险因素分析

目的：探讨癫痫持续状态( SE)的相关危险因素情况。方法选取亳州市人民医院收治的129例癫痫患者,将79例SE患者作为SE组,未发生SE 的50例患者作为对照组。回顾分析两组患者一般资料,同时分析两组患者颅脑损伤、病毒性脑炎急性期、脑血管病等情况,对SE的影响因素进行统计分析。结果两组患者颅脑损伤、病毒性脑炎急性期、脑血管病、不规则服药差异有统计学意义(P<0．05),两组患者家族史、脑皮质发育异常、CO中毒或者酒精中毒、颅内占位病变、发热、脑血管畸形差异无统计学意义( P>0．05)。通过logistic 回归分析,颅脑损伤、病毒性脑炎急性期、脑血管病、不规则服药为SE的独立危险因素( P<0．05)。结论颅脑损伤、病毒性脑炎急性期、脑血管病、不规则服药是SE发生的危险因素,及时规避SE的相关危险因素,对于临床治疗和提高预后均有重要意义。     

Association of Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol with Stroke Risk,Severity and Prognosis

Aim: To investigate the association of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in terms of risk, severity, and outcomes. Prediction models were established to screen high-risk patients and predict prognosis of AIS patients.Methods: We enrolled in this study 355 AIS patients and 171 non-AIS controls. AIS was subtyped according to TOAST criteria, and the severity and outcomes of AIS were measured. Blood glucose and lipid profiles including total cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoproteins were measured in all patients using automatic measure. Lipoprotein subfractions were detected by the Lipoprint LDL system.Results: As compared with the non-AIS control group, the AIS group had higher sdLDL-C levels. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the sdLDL-C level and risk of AIS, especially non-cardioembolic stroke, were positively correlated. The area under the curve of sdLDL-C for AIS risk was 0.665, better than that of other lipids. Additionally, the sdLDL-C level was significantly correlated with AIS severity and bad outcomes. A logistic regression model for assessing the probability of AIS occurrence and a prognostic prediction model were established based on sdLDL-C and other variables.Conclusions: Elevated levels of sdLDL-C were associated with a higher prevalence of AIS, especially in non-cardioembolic stroke subtypes. After adjustment for other risk factors, sdLDL-C was found to be an independent risk factor for AIS. Also, sdLDL-C level was strongly associated with AIS severity and poor functional outcomes. Logistic regression models for AIS risk and prognosis prediction were established to help clinicians provide better prevention for high-risk subjects and monitor their prognosis.     

早期生理盐水复苏后脓毒症患者血清氯水平 与急性肾损伤的关系

目的 探索脓毒症患者经生理盐水复苏72 h 后血清氯离子水平与急性肾损伤（AKI）的关系。 方法 选取2015 年1 月—2019 年5 月山西医科大学第一医院重症监护室收治并用生理盐水早期复苏的200 例 脓毒症或脓毒症休克患者,按照72 h 后的血清氯,分为高氯血症组（≥ 110 mmol/L）和非高氯血症组 （<110 mmol/L）,观察其初始血清氯离子浓度及肌酐、72 h 后最高血清氯离子浓度及肌酐、基础肌酐清除率 （Ccr）、初始急性生理功能和慢性健康状况评估Ⅱ（APACHE Ⅱ）评分、机械通气、肾替代治疗等指标,并 计算72 h 后血清氯离子变化值。结果 两组患者年龄、性别、机械通气、肾替代治疗、Ccr、APACHE Ⅱ 评分、72 h 后最高血清氯离子浓度及72 h 后血清氯离子浓度变化值比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。高 氯血症组AKI 发病率较非高氯血症组高（P <0.05）。单因素Logistic 回归分析显示,72 h 后最高血清氯离子 浓度与AKI 有关（P <0.05）。72 h 后血清氯离子浓度变化值≥ 1.5 mmol/L 和72 h 后血清氯离子浓度变化 值≥ 5.5 mmol/L 与AKI 也有关（P <0.05）。多因素Logistic 回归分析显示,APACHE Ⅱ评分[Ol ^ R=2.451 （95% CI：1.961,2.880）,P =0.000]、72 h 后最高血清氯离子浓度[Ol ^ R=2.023（95% CI：1.991,3.211）,P =0.010] 和72h 后血清氯离子浓度变化值[Ol ^ R=3.211（95% CI ：2.347,3.630）,P =0.006] 是AKI 发病的危险因素。 结论 脓毒症患者经生理盐水复苏72 h 后血清高氯离子与AKI 独立相关,且72 h 后血清氯离子浓度变化值、 APACHE Ⅱ评分也与AKI 有关。     

基于支持向量机与XGboost的成年人群肿瘤患病风险预测研究

背景　肿瘤风险预测对于提高人群健康水平、降低患者经济负担意义重大。但随着医疗大数据的产生,传统的统计预测方法逐渐无法满足需求,有必要尝试开展机器学习等新方法在肿瘤预测领域的应用。目的　探讨支持向量机与XGboost和逐步Logistic回归分析在成年人群肿瘤患病风险中的预测价值。方法　本研究时间为2011-2015年,数据来源于中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）,以我国12个地区（黑龙江、辽宁、湖南、山东、贵州、江苏、广西、湖北、河南、北京、上海和重庆）城乡成年（≥18岁）常住居民为对象,经过数据清理,最终纳入19 410人为本研究对象。将研究对象按2∶1分为训练集和测试集,基于逐步Logistic回归分析的变量筛选策略,在训练集上分别建立逐步Logistic回归分析、支持向量机、XGboost肿瘤患病风险预测模型,并在测试集上进行验证。通过比较各模型受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）下面积（AUC）,分析各模型预测肿瘤患病风险的性能。结果　19 410例研究对象中,被诊断为肿瘤患者262例（1.35%）。训练集（n=12 919）中含有174例肿瘤患者,测试集（n=6 491）含有88例肿瘤患者。逐步Logistic回归分析、支持向量机、XGboost在测试集中预测成年人群患肿瘤的正确率分别为72.96%〔95%CI（71.86%,74.04%）〕、99.54%〔95%CI（99.34%,99.69%）〕、70.05%〔95%CI（68.92%,71.16%）〕,AUC分别为76.75%〔95%CI（72.35%,81.14%）〕、86.32%〔95%CI（81.64%,91.00%）〕、79.03%〔95%CI（74.96%,83.10%）〕。支持向量机、XGboost预测成年人群患肿瘤的AUC与Logistic回归模型比较,差异有统计学意义（Z值分别为-2.519、-2.138,P值分别为0.012、0.032）;XGboost预测成年人群患肿瘤的AUC低于支持向量机,差异有统计学意义（Z=2.081,P=0.037）。结论　支持向量机相较于逐步Logistic回归分析预测成年人群肿瘤患病风险的正确率、灵敏度、特异度、AUC等指标较好,而XGboost未见明显优势,但考虑到逐步Logistic回归分析操作的便捷性和可解释性优势,建议在肿瘤风险预测方面,采用支持向量机与逐步Logistic回归分析相结合的模式。