机械通气相关性肺炎相关因素logistic回归分析

目的 探讨机械通气相关性肺炎相关因素及预防对策.方法 选择机械通气治疗的290例患者作为研究对象,对机械通气相关性肺炎相关因素进行单因素及logistic多因素回归分析.结果 290例患者发生机械通气相关性肺炎80例,占27.6％,单因素检验显示10个变量,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示,胃内容物反流(OR=3.86)、机械通气应用时间长(OR=3.50)、应用抗酸剂(OR=2.97)、APACHEⅡ评分高(OR=2.85)是机械通气相关性肺炎独立危险因素.结论 机械通气相关性肺炎发生率较高,与多种因素有关,通过预防胃内容物反流、缩短机械通气时间、避免使用抑酸剂、提高机体免疫功能,可减少机械通气相关性肺炎的发生率.     

学龄前儿童口腔中挥发性硫化物的检出情况及其相关因素

目的:了解学龄前儿童口腔中挥发性硫化物的检出情况,分析引起学龄前儿童口臭的主要相关因素,为儿童口臭和相关疾病的预防和治疗提供依据. 方法:对北京市某幼儿园170名4~6岁学龄前儿童口腔中挥发性硫化物( volatile sulfur compounds,VSC)含量和口腔健康状况进行检查,对儿童家长进行问卷调查,挥发性硫化物的检测使用便携式气相色谱仪OralChromaTM. 使用SPSS 13. 0软件包,进行VSC与口腔健康状况和行为等的单因素和多因素分析. 结果:单因素分析结果显示,检出口臭的儿童占全部受检人数的34. 4%. 女童口腔中硫化氢( hydro-gen sulfide,H2S)[(1.59 ±2.41) ng/10 mL]和VSC总量[(2.14 ±4.42) ng/10 mL]高于男童(P<0.05). 舌苔指数高的儿童的H2S[舌苔面积(1.68 ±2.48) ng/10 mL,舌苔厚度(2.18 ±2.69) ng/10 mL)和VSC总量[舌苔面积(2. 26 ± 4. 31) ng/10 mL,舌苔厚度(2. 41 ± 3. 02) ng/10 mL]高于舌苔指数低的儿童(P<0. 01). 简化软垢指数记分值≥2的位点数值与甲硫醇(methyl mercaptan,CH3SH)和二甲基硫[dimethyl sulfide,(CH3)2S]浓度呈正相关(P<0.01);母亲受教育程度在本科及以上的儿童口腔中H2S值[(1.19 ±1.62)ng/10 mL]显著低于母亲教育程度在本科以下的儿童(P<0. 01);甜食进食频率高的儿童H2S浓度[(1. 04 ± 1. 55) ng/10 mL]低于频率低的儿童(P<0. 01);有张口呼吸习惯的儿童CH3SH和(CH3)2S浓度[(0. 29 ± 1. 92) ng/10 mL,(0. 37 ± 2. 06) ng/10 mL]显著高于没有张口呼吸习惯的儿童(P<0. 05). Logistic多因素分析结果显示,舌苔指数高、母亲教育程度低的儿童VSC高于舌苔指数低和母亲教育程度高的儿童. 结论:学龄前儿童口臭检出率高,性别、舌苔指数、软垢指数、母亲教育程度、甜食进食频率、张口呼吸等因素是儿童口臭的相关影响因素,不同影响因素导致不同VSC成分的改变.     

决策树模型与Logistic回归模型在伤害发生影响因素分析中的作用

目的 通过应用决策树卡方自动交互检测法(chi-squared automatic interaction detector,CHAID)和Logistic回归分析法分析伤害发生的影响因素,比较两种方法分析结果的差别,为伤害资料分析方法提供一种新手段.方法 根据农村女性伤害发生专题调查资料及其相关因素,分别建立决策树CHAID模型和Logistic回归模型,比较两种方法分析结果的差异.结果 决策树CHAID法分析结果显示,受教育程度、婚姻状况和职业是伤害发生的影响因素,受教育程度是最主要的因素,未接受教育的农村女性伤害发生的风险最高.Logistic回归结果显示,职业、受教育程度是伤害发生的影响因素.职业为农民的女性是伤害发生的危险因素,OR=2.233,95％ CI:1.255 ～3.975.结论 CHAID决策树模型在农村女性伤害发生影响因素风险评估方面有较高的应用价值,其与Logistic回归相结合应用,可互为补充,从不同方面描述影响伤害发生的因素及其作用,为进一步制定预防与控制伤害的措施提供依据和参考.     

深圳市隐性手足口病感染情况

目的分析深圳市隐性手足口病流行特征和感染高危因素,为隐性手足口病感染的预防和控制措施的制定提供参考依据。方法采集2011—2013年深圳市某区未患手足口病儿童肛拭子4 352份样本,采用RT-PCR方法对所有样本进行核酸检测;同时对所有儿童进行了问卷调查,并对结果进行单因素和多因素回归分析。结果 4 352份样本的核酸检测结果为:隐性手足口携带率为4.34%(189例),其中肠道病毒71型(EV71)159例,阳性率为3.65%;柯萨奇病毒A16(Cox A16)30例,阳性率为0.69%。多因素条件logistics回归分析发现,年龄(OR=1.907、性别(OR=1.959)、职业(OR=4.366)、家庭或班级拥挤程度(OR=2.759)、家庭儿童个数(OR=1.710)等为手足口病感染独立危险因素。结论该地区隐性手足口病以EV71病毒感染为主;年龄、性别、职业、家庭或班级拥挤程度、家庭儿童个数等是手足口病隐性感染的高危因素。     

Epigenetic age estimation in saliva and in buccal cells

Age estimation based on epigenetic markers is a DNA intelligence tool with the potential to provide relevant information for criminal investigations, as well as to improve the inference of age-dependent physical characteristics such as male pattern baldness or hair color. Age prediction models have been developed based on different tissues, including saliva and buccal cells, which show different methylation patterns as they are composed of different cell populations. On many occasions in a criminal investigation, the origin of a sample or the proportion of tissues is not known with certainty, for example the provenance of cigarette butts, so use of combined models can provide lower prediction errors.In the present study, two tissue-specific and seven age-correlated CpG sites were selected from publicly available data from the Illumina HumanMethylation 450 BeadChip and bibliographic searches, to help build a tissue-dependent, and an age-prediction model, respectively. For the development of both models, a total of 184 samples (N = 91 saliva and N = 93 buccal cells) ranging from 21 to 86 years old were used. Validation of the models was performed using either k-fold cross-validation and an additional set of 184 samples (N = 93 saliva and N = 91 buccal cells, 21–86 years old).The tissue prediction model was developed using two CpG sites (HUNK and RUNX1) based on logistic regression that produced a correct classification rate for saliva and buccal swab samples of 88.59 % for the training set, and 83.69 % for the testing set. Despite these high success rates, a combined age prediction model was developed covering both saliva and buccal cells, using seven CpG sites (cg10501210, LHFPL4, ELOVL2, PDE4C, HOXC4, OTUD7A and EDARADD) based on multivariate quantile regression giving a median absolute error (MAE): ± 3.54 years and a correct classification rate ( %CP±PI) of 76.08 % for the training set, and an MAE of ± 3.66 years and a %CP±PI of 71.19 % for the testing set. The addition of tissue-of origin as a co-variate to the model was assessed, but no improvement was detected in age predictions. Finally, considering the limitations usually faced by forensic DNA analyses, the robustness of the model and the minimum recommended amount of input DNA for bisulfite conversion were evaluated, considering up to 10 ng of genomic DNA for reproducible results. The final multivariate quantile regression age predictor based on the models we developed has been placed in the open-access Snipper forensic classification website.     

顽固性口腔溃疡复发的危险因素分析

【摘要】 目的 回顾性分析顽固性口腔溃疡复发的相关危险因素。方法 选取 2019 年 1 月至 2020 年 10 月沈阳七三九医院收治的 125 例顽固性口腔溃疡患者作为研究对象, 收集患者年龄、性别、是否饮酒、是否吸烟?是否喝茶、饮食类型、是否使用药物牙膏、牙刷毛硬度、刷牙次数、是否熬夜失眠、疲劳状态、心理状态、是否合并消化系统疾病等资料, 根据口腔溃疡治愈后3个月是否再发口腔溃疡将患者分为复发组和未复发组,多因素Logistic 回归分析顽固性口腔溃疡复发的相关危险因素。结果 125 例顽固性口腔溃疡患者愈后 3 个月再发口腔溃疡者 32 例,设为复发组;未再发口腔溃疡者93例,设为未复发组。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥60岁、吸烟、饮食偏荤、使用药物牙膏、刷牙次数≤1 次/天、熬夜失眠、疲劳、心理异常、合并消化系统疾病是顽固性口腔溃疡患者复发的独立危险因素 (95% CI为1.016 ~ 1.134、1.003 ~ 1.164、1.001 ~ 1.397、1.024 ~1.364、1.029 ~ 1.413、1.019 ~ 1.433、1.027 ~ 1.389、1.041 ~ 1.397、1.024 ~ 1.369, P = 0.011、0.046、0.048?0.022、0.021、0.030、0.021、0.013、0.022)。结论 顽固性口腔溃疡的复发与患者的年龄、生活习惯、心理状态等多种因素密切相关。     

Development of a Questionnaire Method to Discriminate Between Typical and Atypical Genotypes of Low Km Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in a Japanese Population

Nearly half of all Orientals exhibit aversive symptoms, such as "Oriental flushing" or palpitation, during alcohol consumption. This high alcohol sensitivity among Orientals has been attributed to a highly prevalent polymorphism in low K_m aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2). In the present study, we attempted to develop a reliable questionnaire method to probe the frequency of alcohol drinking-related symptoms to estimate the ALDH2 genotype. Four-hundred twenty-four male and 100 female workers provided blood samples for polymerase chain reaction analysis and completed the questionnaire. We performed a stepwise logistic regression analysis to discriminate between the typical homozygote ( ALDH2*1/*1 ) and the atypical heterozygote ( ALDH2*1/*2 ) in male subjects. Because of the limitation in the sample size for ALDH2*2/*2 , this genotype was not included in the analysis. Results revealed that only three symptoms (facial flushing, flushing elsewhere, and palpitation) were enough to correctly predict the ALDH2 genotypes in ∼89% of all subjects. The present questionnaire method ( AL cohol Sensitivity screening Test; ALST) takes a little time and effort for the genotype determination, and may be especially useful in epidemiological studies with a large sample size or with subjects from whom DNA samples are not available.     

深圳市女性性罪错人群梅毒发病有关因素分析

目的　探讨女性性罪错人群梅毒流行的影响因素。方法　对深圳市妇教所近 5年来 3877例女性性罪错人群的常规体检资料进行t检验、χ2 检验和Loglstic回归分析等。结果　深圳市女性性罪错人群不同年份梅毒阳性检出率差异有非常显著的统计学意义 ( χ2 =30 388,P =0 0 0 1) ,以 1997年阳性检出率最高 ( 15 38% ) ;不同年龄的阳性检出率差异有非常显著的统计学意义 ( χ2 =4 1 6 2 9,P =0 0 0 1) ,以 2 5岁以上者最高 ( 15 71% ) ;不同来源地区的阳性检出率差异有显著的统计学意义 ( χ2 =9 80 3,P =0 0 4 4 ) ,以西部地区 ( 11 87% )最高 ;不同原职业的阳性检出率差异无显著的统计学意义 ( χ2 =6 5 0 3,P =0 4 82 ) ;不同现职业的阳性检出率差异有显著的统计学意义( χ2 =7 90 3,P =0 0 4 8) ,以卖淫者最高 ( 11 70 % ) ;不同文化程度的阳性检出率差异有显著的统计学意义 ( χ2 =2 1 6 2 6 ,P =0 0 0 2 ) ,以文盲最高 ( 2 0 0 0 % ) ;不同婚姻状况阳性检出率差异有非常显著的统计学意义 ( χ2 =15 918,P =0 0 0 1) ,以已婚者检出率最高 ( 13 4 2 % )。多因素Loglistic回归分析中 ,年份、年龄、文化程度及籍贯被引入模型 ,说明它们是女性性罪错人群梅毒发病的有关因素 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　年     

The current state of chronic dialysis treatment in Japan (as of December 31, 2000)

The annual statistical survey conducted at the end of 2000 by the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy collected responses from 3358 (99.94%) of 3360 institutions. Japan's total dialysis patient population at the end of the year 2000, as identified by this survey, was 206,134, an increase of 8921 (4.5%) over 1999. This translates to 1624.1 patients per million population. The annual crude mortality rate was 9.4% for the period starting at the end of the year 1999 and ending at the end of the year 2000. The mean patient age at the initiation of dialysis treatment was 63.8 (+/- 13.9; +/- SD) years; the mean age of the overall dialysis patient population was 61.2 years (+/- 13.3). Both these mean ages, which had been increasing since 1983, again continued to increase. Among the primary diagnosis, the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy had continued to increase again since 1999, to 36.6%, whereas that of chronic glomerulonephritis had continued to decline, down to 32.5%, during the same one-year period since the 1999 survey. The 2000 years-end survey incorporated the following additional variables for the first time: usage of oral antihypertensives, pre- and post-dialysis systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum HDL cholesterol level, types and dosage of oral Vitamin D analogs administered, dosage of oral calcium carbonate administered, history of intervention for peripheral vascular disease (bypass surgery, synthetic graft replacement, stenting), history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), history of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), whether stenting had been previously performed for the treatment of ischemic heart disease, number of cigarettes smoked, the type of vascular access used at the initiation of dialysis, and the year and month the vascular access was created. The survey results indicate that 60.9% of the total dialysis patient population was using oral antihypertensives. The patients' mean serum HDL cholesterol level was 47.65 +/- 18.47 mg/dL, showing positive correlation with serum albumin level and reverse correlation with body mass index. 1.6% of all dialysis patients had previously undergone amputation, and 0.7% had a history of bypass surgery for peripheral vascular disorder. 4.5% of hemodialysis patients had a history of cardiac infarction, 1.6% had previously undergone CABG, and 2.8%, PTCA. At the time the survey was conducted, 2.0% of all dialysis patients were undergoing oral Vitamin D analog pulse therapy, and 6% were undergoing intravenous Vitamin D analog pulse therapy. A history of amputation, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, and cerebral bleeding were identified as high-risk factors of vital prognosis. Additionally, high mortality risk was associated with the following: glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels exceeding 20 IU/L; positive HCV antibody status; comorbid conditions such as hepatic cell carcinoma and liver cirrhosis; platelet counts below 100,000/mL or equal to or greater than 200,000/mL; C-reactive protein levels of 0.2 mg/dL and higher, leukocyte counts of less than 3000/mL or equal to or greater than 8000/mL; and body mass index of below 22 kg/m2, as well as total serum cholesterol levels of below 160 mg/dL or equal to or greater than 260 mg/dL.     

影响2型糖尿病患者自主神经功能的相关因素

目的探讨影响2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者自主神经功能的相关因素。方法将T2DM患者按心率变异性（HRV）分为HRV正常组和降低组,并调查检测和收集了患者的年龄、糖尿病病程、冠心病病程、高血压病程、脑血管病病程、血脂和血糖等资料。结果用单因素非条件Logistic回归分析发现HRV降低与年龄、DM病程、冠心病、收缩压、脉压、三酰甘油、尿素氮、肌酐、尿微量白蛋白及DM视网膜病变有关（P<0.05,P<0.01）。用多因素非条件logistic回归筛选分析,年龄、三酰甘油、尿素氮、DM视网膜病变是影响DM患者自主神经功能的相关因素。结论T2DM患者自主神经功能与患者年龄、三酰甘油、尿素氮和DM视网膜病变有关联。