麻疹减毒活疫苗抗体衰减趋势的幂曲线模型拟合及抗体持久性预测研究

目的建立接种麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)后抗体水平变化趋势的幂曲线模型,预测抗体水平的持久性,缩短接种MV后抗体免疫持久性的实际观察时间。方法利用已追踪观察5年以上的资料,拟合接种MV后抗体水平变化趋势的幂曲线模型,与实测值进行比较,以验证模型的可靠性,再用所拟合的模型来预测接种MV后抗体水平的持久性。结果用幂曲线所拟合的模型为:Y^=90.95X-0.61,决定系数R2=0.997,误差E=0.003;预测接种MV后第24年时的血凝抑制(HI)抗体几何平均滴度为1∶2.87。结论所拟合的模型具有较好的适配性,预测接种MV免疫成功后的HI抗体可维持24年以上。     

微波消解平台石墨炉原子吸收法测定活性污泥中的铜和铅

建立了一种微波消解样品,平台石墨炉原子吸收法测定活性污泥中Cu、Pb含量的方法,该方法的样品加标回收率Cu为95.6%-98.3%,Pb为92.3%-97.0%,相对标准偏差RSD(%):Cu为1.0%-2.0%,Pb为2.0%-2.9%,检验限Cu为0.0052ng/g,Pb为0.0073ng/g,该方法应用于活性污泥中Cu、Pb的分析,实验所需时间短,取样量少,空白值低,实验过程中样品损失少,准确度和灵敏度高,结果令人满意。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定禽、畜肝组织中镉

目的建立禽、畜肝组织中镉（cd）的石墨炉原子吸收光谱分析的方法。方法采用混合酸体系消解样品，以NHM2PO。＋Mg（N03）：作基体改进剂，石墨炉原子吸收光谱法定量。结果本方法在0-5.0μg/L浓度范围内，相关系数r=0．9994，方法的相对标准偏差（RSD％）为2．9—6．8，对国家标准物质：猪肝（GBW08551）、大米粉（GBW10010），杨树叶（GBW08513）中cd的测定值均在标准值范围。结论本方法具有方法简便、灵敏度高、稳定性好的特点，适用于禽、畜肝组织中Cd含量的测定。     

禽类及非禽类从业人员禽流感认知状况调查

目的 了解广东省东莞市禽类从业人员和非禽类从业人员人禽流感知识、态度和行为状况,为制定人禽流感防控措施提供依据.方法 对259名禽类和129名非禽类从业人员进行人禽流感知识、态度、行为调查.结果 禽类和非禽类从业人员人禽流感相关知识总知晓率分别为34.03%和29.75%.农贸市场及批发市场销售的家禽95.83%有检疫证明,但散养家禽禽流感疫苗接种率仅为62.69%.禽类从业人员每天穿工作服、戴手套、戴口罩人数所占比例分别为19.79%,32.81%和29.17%.禽类和非禽类从业人员对病死禽能采取正确处理措施的分别占25.87%和21.71%;接触病死禽后能每次洗手的分别占81.85%和92.25%;对"家禽实行定点屠宰,禁售活禽"的赞成率分别为20.08%和31.78%;对"定期对市场进行清洗消毒、宰杀当天所有活禽"的支持率分别为33.98%和54.26%.结论 东莞市禽类从业人员存在人禽流感防治知识缺乏、个人防护不足、对病死禽处理措施欠妥、散养家禽禽流感疫苗接种率偏低等现象.应加强宣传教育和管理措施.     

Residues of tetracycline compounds in poultry products in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia

Chicken muscle, liver and egg samples were collected from 33 broiler and 5 layer farms in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia over a period of two years starting from January 1996. Antibiotic-residue positive samples were identified in the products of 23 (69.7%) broiler and 3 (60%) layer poultry farms. 87% and 100.0% of the antibiotic-residue positive broiler farms were positive for at least one tetracycline compound in raw muscle and liver respectively, while 73.9% and 95.5% were positive for 2 or more tetracyclines in these two tissues, respectively. Furthermore, 82.6% and 95.5% of the antibiotic-residue-positive farms had mean concentrations of at least one tetracycline compound in excess of the permissible maximum residue limit (MRL) in raw muscle and liver, respectively. These compounds also remained chemically detectable after cooking. Tetracycline levels exceeded MRL in 14.4% of antibiotic-positive raw eggs but the overall mean tetracycline concentration in each farm was below MRL. This study confirmed widespread misuse of tetracycline agents including multiple use of drugs belonging to the same pharmacological group and lack of implementation of recommended withdrawal times. This may be contributing to the high resistance rates to tetracyclines in both chicken and human microbial isolates observed in the region. This study, therefore, stresses the need for stricter regulations for the use of antimicrobial drugs in the poultry industry as well as the inspection of chicken for drug residues prior to marketing.     

Soluble LH-HCG receptor and oestradiol as predictors of pregnancy and live birth in IVF

Research question

Circulating soluble LH-HCG receptor (sLHCGR) is a first-trimester marker for screening pregnancy pathologies and predicts premature or multiple births before fertility treatment. Oestradiol per oocyte at ovulation induction predicts IVF treatment outcomes. We asked whether sLHCGR levels are stable during fertility treatment and whether, alone or with oestradiol, they could improve prediction of fertility treatment outcomes.

Use of a minimally invasive donor nephrectomy program to select technique for live donor nephrectomy

BACKGROUND: Live donor nephrectomy (LDN) is a major surgical procedure with an accepted low mortality and morbidity. Minimally invasive donor nephrectomy (MIDN) has been shown to decrease the wound morbidity associated with the lumbotomy of the classic open technique. Transplant programs face the challenge of initiating their MIDN programs without jeopardizing the safety of the donor and the graft quality. We present the experience at the University of Calgary after the initiation of a MIDN program, with a preoperative selective approach using the 3 major techniques for LDN. METHODS: From December 2001 to May 2004, 50 consecutive, accepted, live kidney donors were evaluated and chosen to undergo nephrectomy by an open, laparoscopic, or hand-assisted technique. Patients were chosen for a particular technique based on the criteria of vascular anatomy, size of abdominal cavity, previous surgery, and technical implications for the recipient. RESULTS: A total of 15 open, 11 laparoscopic, and 24 hand-assisted nephrectomies were performed. There were no statistically significant differences in sex, age, or body mass index between the groups. There were statistically significant differences in surgical times (P < .001) and in the number of days spent in the hospital (P < .001). All kidneys had primary function. There were 2 conversions in the hand-assisted group and 1 blood transfusion in the open group. Death-censored graft survival was 100% with an observation time of 20 months (SD +/- 9 months; range = 3-32 months). One graft from the hand-assisted group was lost from patient death with functioning graft 8 months after transplant. CONCLUSIONS: The learning curve for MIDN does not necessarily need to impact donor or recipient outcomes. The initiation of an MIDN program can be implemented safely if the cases are selected carefully and the use of the classic open technique is kept as an alternative.     

Live and Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation in Patients Aged 75 years and Older in the United States

Objective: To examine the outcomes of geriatric ESRD patients selected for kidney transplantation. Design: Data were extracted from the USRDS Standard Analysis Files (SAF). All persons ages 75 and over who received a kidney transplant from 1994 to 2000 were compared with those remaining on dialysis or on a transplant waiting list. Data on mortality or removal from the waiting list were obtained from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). The main outcome measure was patient and kidney transplant survival. Results: Superior five year survival after kidney transplantation was attained by the geriatric cohort given a live donor transplant (59.9%), compared with recipients of deceased donor kidneys (40.3%), dialysis patients waiting for transplant (29.7%), and those who were not selected for kidney transplantation and remained on dialysis (12.5%). The likelihood of being removed from the waiting list for any reason was higher in this group (over 75) (30.3%) than in the 66–75 age group (26.8%). Their average annual mortality rate on the waiting list was 7.9, compared to 6.6% for those 66–75. Conclusion: Even after the age of 75 years, kidney transplantation provides substantial life prolongation and excellent graft survival. USRDS Disclaimer: The data reported here have been supplied by the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) and the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). The interpretation and reporting of these data are the responsibility of the authors and in no way should be seen as official policy or interpretation of the US government.     

A comparison of traditional open,minimal-incision donor nephrectomy and laparoscopic donor nephrectomy

Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) and minimal-incision donor nephrectomy (MILD) are less invasive procedures than the traditional open donor nephrectomy approach (ODN). This study compares donor and recipient outcome following those three different procedures. Sixty consecutive donor nephrectomies were studied (n=20 in each group). Intra-operative variables, analgesic requirements, donor recovery, donor/recipient complications and allograft function were recorded prospectively. Operating and first warm ischaemia times were longer for LDN than for ODN and MILD (232±35 vs 121±24 vs 147±27 min, P<0.001; 4±1 vs 2±2 vs 2±1 min, P<0.01). Postoperative morphine requirements were significantly higher after ODN than after MILD and LDN (182±113 vs 86±48 vs 71±45 mg; P<0.0001). There was no episode of delayed graft function in this study. Donors returned to work quicker after LDN than after ODN and MILD (6±2 vs 11±5 vs 10±7; P=0.055). Donor and recipient complication rates and recipient allograft function were comparable. We concluded that MILD and LDN reduce postoperative pain and allow a faster recovery without compromising recipient outcome.     

Renal transplantation in amyloidosis: effects of HLA matching and donor type on recurrence of primary disease

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of HLA-matching and donor type on recurrence of amyloidosis after renal transplantation. The study includes 30 patients with systemic amyloidosis who received kidney transplants between 1985 and 2001. Donor source and HLA tissue typing of the donor and recipient were evaluated in each case. Of the 30 patients, 20 developed a recurrence of amyloidosis in their allografts, as confirmed by biopsy. The time from transplantation to diagnosis of amyloidosis in the graft ranged from 18 months to 10 years. Of the 20 patients with recurrence, 18 had received their grafts from living related donors (LRDs), and 2 had received their grafts from cadaveric donors (P<0.01). There was a strong correlation between amyloidosis recurrence and degree of HLA-DR matching (P<0.05). Furthermore, in the recipients of LRD grafts, the risk of amyloidosis recurrence was much higher if the donor-recipient pair were HLA-identical than if they were not perfectly matched (P<0.01). The incidence of amyloidosis recurrence in our patients was significantly higher than the rates reported for other series. Most of the cases in previous reports involved cadaveric grafts. The higher rate of amyloidosis recurrence in our patients may be explained by the high proportion of LRD grafts and by genetic susceptibility.