抗氧化剂拮抗甲基汞诱导的脂质过氧化作用研究

目的 探讨抗氧化剂对甲基汞诱导的脂质过氧化的拮抗作用。方法 运用硫代巴比妥酸比色法,检测了谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）、羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（Ｇｅ－１３２）、维生素Ｃ（ＶｉｔＣ）等对甲基汞在体外诱导的大鼠脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）的影响。结果 与阳性对照组相比,２、４、６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＧＳＨ组大脑、小脑和肝组织匀浆中ＬＰＯ含量均显著下降（Ｐ〈０．０５）;０．５、１．０、１．５、２．０ｇ／Ｌ Ｇｅ－１３２组以及０．     

神经元细胞膜脂筏结构原子力显微镜研究

目的测定小鼠神经元细胞膜脂筏纳米尺度三维结构。方法应用原子力显微镜(AFM)测定纯化的小鼠神经元膜脂筏。结果可见神经细胞单个脂筏的凹陷盘状圆形三维结构，周围高。边缘不完整，中间凹陷，直径在117～120nm左右。结论神经细胞膜脂筏结构为直径100nm左右的扁圆形中间凹陷结构。AFM可以在纳米水平对细胞器进行三维结构测定。     

Relationship Between Red Blood Cell Lipid Peroxidation, Plasma Hemoglobin, and Red Blood Cell Osmotic Resistance Before and After Vitamin E Supplementation in Hemodialysis Patients

It has been reported that increased peroxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the erythrocyte membranes is one of the causes of chronic hemolysis in uremic patients on hemodialysis and that therapeutic doses of vitamin E are effective in reducing peroxidation, improving the hematocrit. The present study shows how the reduced peroxidation, induced by a course with therapeutic doses of vitamin E, is paralleled by a significant reduction of plasma hemoglobin concentrations at the end of the dialysis and by a significant improvement of erythrocyte osmotic resistance. The findings lead to the suggestion that the administration of tocopherol to patients on chronic hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease may be beneficial in improving anemia, acting via a reduction of lipid peroxidation of the red blood cell membranes. Whether this can reduce the need for the transfusions can be assessed only with a longitudinal long-term study, which is also necessary to determine whether the preliminary findings of this report have important clinical applications.     

Methamphetamine causes lipid peroxidation and an increase in superoxide dismutase activity in the rat striatum

The administration of methamphetamine to experimental animals results in damage to nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. In the present study, we demonstrated that both the acute repeated and the chronic administration of methamphetamine causes an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, which are indicators of lipid peroxidation, and superoxide dismutase activity in the rat striatum. The results of present study strengthen the notion that reactive oxygen species may play an important role in the methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity.     

Preventive effect of simultaneously infused lipid emulsion against thrombophlebitis during postoperative peripheral parenteral nutrition

A prospective, randomized study was conducted to determine whether simultaneous infusion of lipid emulsion with an amino acid-dextrose-electrolyte solution would reduce the incidence of thrombophlebitis (TP) during postoperative peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN). Thirty patients who had undergone gastric resection for adenocarcinoma were randomly divided into two groups according to whether they were infused with 10% lipid emulsion (group A) or 5% glucose solution (group B) simultaneously with the amino acid-glucose solutions. The total osmolarity of the infusion solutions in each group was 853 mOsm/l. The incidence of complications due to TP, namely, redness and/or edema beneath the cannula insertion site and/or pain, was investigated. There were no differences in the background characteristics of the patients in groups A and B, except regarding concurrent resection of other organs (P=0.03). The incidence of edema in group A was significantly lower than in group B on postoperative days 2 and 4, although there was no difference in the incidence of redness and pain between the two groups. These findings suggest that the simultaneous infusion of lipid emulsion has a preventive effect against TP during postoperative PPN, and may be a practical means of providing PPN after gastrointestinal surgery.     

Further evidence of lipid peroxidation in post-enteropathic haemolytic-uraemic syndrome

Lipid peroxidation may play a role in the pathogenesis of the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS). Thirteen children with the post-enteropathic form of HUS were studied using conjugated diene lipids as markers of in vivo lipid peroxidation. Levels of total conjugated diene lipids and 9,11-linoleic acid, the principal conjugated diene in human plasma, were greater in the acute phase of this disorder than in controls. The ratio of plasma vitamin E to lipid was lower than that in children with other renal diseases, and the expected positive correlation between vitamin E and lipids did not hold for HUS patients. These data provide further evidence of lipid peroxidation in HUS and a disturbance in the metabolism of the principal lipid-bound anti-oxidant vitamin E.     

Liposomes for atopic dry skin: the rationale for a promising approach

Summary Atopic dry skin characterized by a defect of the barrier function as determined by trans-epidermal water-loss measurements at the ultrastructural level shows an increase in membranecoating granules (MCGs). MCGs are lamellar, ovoid organelles appearing in the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum. MCGs consist of stacks of small parallel disks that are extruded and fuse to continuous lamellae. Liposomes, i.e., unior multilamellar vesicles composed of alternating lipid and water phases are structurally similar. Moreover, they also can form continuous lamellae. While phospholipids are generally used for liposome production, skin lipids and in particular ceramides can also be used. These lipids also seem to be the major components of MCGs. Hence, it seems advisable to use liposomes made of such lipids in the treatment of atopic dry skin. Apart from the probable inherent effect liposomes of this type may also apply particularly well for the delivery of active components.Abbreviation] MCG membrane-coating granule     

复方丹参滴丸治疗小儿肾病综合征的临床研究

目的　探讨复方丹参滴丸 (GSDP)对小儿肾病综合征的临床疗效。方法　将 3 0例肾病综合征患儿随机分为GSDP组15例、对照治疗组 15例 ,选择 2 0例门诊健康体检小儿为正常组。对照治疗组给予强的松治疗 8周 ,而GSDP组在强的松治疗的基础上加服GSDP治疗 8周 ,测定 2组治疗前后血纤维蛋白原、血小板聚集率、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化脂质、胆固醇、尿素氮、肌酐、血沉及 2 4小时尿蛋白定量 ,观察 2组的临床疗效。结果　治疗后 2组的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化脂质、胆固醇、尿素氮、肌酐、血沉及 2 4小时尿蛋白定量均有不同程度改善 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ,GSDP组比对照治疗组改善更明显 (P <0 .0 1) ;GSDP治疗组治疗后血纤维蛋白原、血小板聚集率明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,而对照治疗组治疗后两者无变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;GSDP组临床疗效优于对照治疗组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　GSDP能改善小儿肾病综合征血液的高凝状态 ,提高机体抗氧化能力 ,减少尿蛋白的漏出 ,增加有效治疗率 ,值得临床常规应用。     

Neuroprotection by nitric oxide against hydroxyl radical-induced nigral neurotoxicity

We investigated the effects of nitric oxide on an in vitro and in vivo generation of hydroxyl radicals, and in vivo neurotoxicity caused by intranigral infusion of ferrous citrate in rats. The formation of hydroxyl radicals in vitro, without exogenous hydrogen peroxide, was dose-dependent. Some nitric oxide donors (e.g. sodium nitroprusside) stimulated, while others (nitroglycerin, diethylamine/nitric oxide, nitric oxide in Ringer's solution) suppressed hydroxyl radical generation in vitro. A significant increase in extra-cellular hydroxyl radicals was detected in a brain microdialysis study. Intranigral infusion of ferrous citrate caused long-lasting lipid peroxidation and dopamine depletion in the ipsilateral nigral region and striatum, respectively. Sub-acute dopamine depletion in the striatum was positively correlated with acute lipid peroxidation in substantia nigra. Intranigral administration of nitric oxide did not affect striatal dopamine. Interestingly, nitric oxide in Ringer's protected nigral neurones against the oxidative injury. The results demonstrate that a regional increase in the levels of iron can result in hydroxyl radical generation and lipid peroxidation leading to neurotoxicity. It also demonstrates that exogenous nitric oxide can act as hydroxyl radical scavenger and protect neurones from oxidative injury.     

Influence of spontaneous and surgical menopause on atherogenic metabolic risk

We evaluated serum total-, LDL-, HDL-, cholesterol and triglycerides in 858 women. Sixty-seven were in premenopause, 307 in perimenopause, 326 in spontaneous menopause, and 158 women underwent hysterectomy. Of these, 101 had bilateral ovariectomy, 24 with unilateral ovariectomy and 33 with retention of both ovaries. After correcting for chronological age and body mass index by variance analysis, it was found that total-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol significantly increased during menopause without changes in the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratio. The changes gradually occurred during the months preceding spontaneous cessation of menses. Atherogenic metabolic risk (as relative risk of high total and LDL-cholesterol, estimated by logistic regression analysis) significantly increased in all groups of women in reference to premenopause. The risk observed in surgical menopause with bilateral ovariectomy was higher than in spontaneous menopause, and conservation of ovaries in hysterectomized women seems to protect only partially against such an increase.