抗结肠炎药美沙拉嗪的合成及结构鉴定

报告了抗溃疡性结肠炎药美沙拉嗪的合成工艺及结构鉴定。工艺过程包括重氮化反应、重氮耦合反应和还原反应 ,总收率 6 0 % ,产品含量≥ 99.0 %。通过元素分析、紫外吸收光谱、红外吸收光谱、1 H-核磁共振谱、1 3 C-核磁共振谱和质谱确证了结构     

搞好护患关系 提高护理服务满意度

近年来随着环境污染的日益加重,恶性肿瘤发病率逐年上升,从2000年至2004年我科收治病人1 632例,其中初治者648例,复治者有984例。复治病人的增加与医学科学不断发展,医疗护理技术水平不断提高,病人生存期不断延长有关。随着患者维权意识的增强,临床上常出现一些医疗纠纷,往往许多纠纷的切入点是护理不到位。笔者从事肿瘤内科临床护理工作多年,得出如下经验:加强护患关系是减少护患纠纷、提高社会效益及提高中晚期肿瘤患者生存质量的非常重要的环节。古人云“知己知彼,百战百胜”,如何搞好护患关系,是护理工作的重点。1对护理服务对象的评估…     

重油和沥青中饱和碳的定量估计

建立了较完整的估计重油和沥青中饱和碳浓度数方法，其中包括环烷桥头碳、环烷甲基取代碳、环烷烷基（≥Ｃ２）取代碳等。基于理论分析，建立了估计环间的桥链和各种平均结构参数的方法，包括平均芳环环核数和环烷环环核数、芳环和环烷环烷工取代度、单元片上芳环和环烷环数。从实验数据出发，提出了烷基链长分布的公式。     

Excitability properties of medial forebrain bundle axons of A9 and A10 dopamine cells

A9 and A10 units identified as dopaminergic were recorded with extracellular micropipettes. The units were antidromically activated by electrical stimulation at the level of the preoptic area. The absolute refractory periods ranged from 1.2 to 2.5 ms. During the 2–8 ms of the relative refractory period, conduction was slower than normal by up to 1.5 ms. The time constant, C, of the strength-duration curve ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 ms. The current (I)-distance (D) relationship, tested by moving the stimulating electrode past the axon, was approximately parabolic (I = K D exp 2), with the constant of the equation, K, ranging from 900 to 2000 μA/mm exp 2, for 0.5 ms pulses. This relationship allows calculation of the radius of the field of dopamine axon excitation at any current. These high K values show that axons of dopamine cells cannot be activated unless high current densities are derivered, even when electrodes are placed near the axons. These data allow determination of the extent to which dopamine axons can be the directly activated substrates for behaviors, such as self-stimulation and circling, which are evoked by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle or internal capsule.     

Short utterance recognition using a network with minimum training

A feedforward network is used to recognize short, digitized, isolated utterances. A high, multispeaker recognition rate is achieved with a small vocabulary with a single training utterance. This approach makes use of the pattern recognition property of the network architecture to classify different temporal patterns in the multidimensional feature space. The network recognizes the utterances without the need of segmentation, phoneme identification, or time alignment. We train the network with four words spoken by one single speaker. The network is then able to recognize 20 tokens spoken by 5 other speakers. We repeat the above training and testing procedure using a different speaker's utterances for training each time. The overall accuracy is 97.5%. We compare this approach to the traditional dynamic programming (DP) approach, and find that DP with slope constraints of 0 and 1 achieve 98.5% and 85% accuracies respectively. Finally we validate out statistics by training and testing the network of a four-word subset of the Texas Instruments (Tl) isolated word database. The accuracy with this vocabulary exceeds 96%. By doubling the size of the training set, the accuracy is raised to 98%. Using a suitable threshold, we are able to raise the accuracy of one network from 87% to 98.5%. Thresholding applied to all networks would then raise the overall accuracy to well over 99%.

This technique is especially promising because of the low overhead and computational requirements, which make it suitable for a low cost, portable, command recognition type of application.     

青叶胆Shan酮类化合物的成分研究

目的　分离鉴定青叶胆 Swertia mileensis全草的酮类成分。方法　 95 %乙醇浸提 ,经硅胶柱色谱分离纯化 ,UV,IR,MS,1 H和 1 3CNMR波谱方法确定化学结构。结果　分得 12个酮成分 ,分别为 1-羟基 - 2 ,3,4 ,5 -四甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,4 ,5 - tetramethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,7-三甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,7-trim ethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,5 ,7-四甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,5 ,7- tetram ethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,5 -二羟基 - 2 ,3-二甲氧基酮 (1,5 - dihydroxy- 2 ,3- dimethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,5 -二羟基 - 2 ,3,7-三甲氧基酮 (1,5 - dihy-droxy- 2 ,3,7- trimethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,5 -三甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,5 - trimethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,5 -二羟基 - 2 ,3,4 ,7-四甲氧基酮 (1,5 - dihydroxy- 2 ,3,4 ,7- tetramethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,8-二羟基 - 2 ,3,6 -三甲氧基酮 (1,8- dihydroxy- 2 ,3,6 - trimethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,4 ,7-四甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,4 ,7- te-tramethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,2 ,3,5 -四甲氧基酮 (1,2 ,3,5 - tetromethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,4 ,6 -四甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxyl- 2 ,3,4 ,6     

精神分裂症患者6～11岁子女行为问题及相关因素对照研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者6~11岁子女行为问题及相关因素。方法对山东省11所精神病医院(科)1999年6月~2000年6月间住院,符合中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第2版修订本精神分裂症诊断的患者6~11岁子女(研究组)217名及正常人群子女(对照组)191名,采用自编心理卫生相关问题调查表(包括50个项目),Achenback儿童行为问题问卷(CBCL),进行登门调查,对照研究。结果研究组男、女童CBCL总分为(10.05±7.83)及(11.26±14.07),差异无显著性(P>0.05),但男女童研究组均高于对照组,差异极显著(P<0.00)。CBCL因子得分及家庭环境、教养情况,研究组与对照组比较,差异有显著性。结论精神分裂症患者6~11岁子女行为问题较多,受生物、心理、社会等多方面因素影响。     

环烃的张力与几何结构参数的定量关系

本文探讨了环烷烃、环烯烃、双环[n.1.0]烷烃和双环[n.m.1]烷烃的张力与几何参数间的定量关系,得到十个满意的线性相关方程。     

Mental retardation,structural anomalies of the central nervous system,anophthalmia and abnormal nares: A new MCA/MR syndrome of unknown cause

We report on 2 unrelated Brazilian girls, born to nonconsanguineous parents, and presenting structural central nervous system defects, hydrocephaly, macrocephaly, craniosynostosis, prominent forehead, anophthalmia, and abnormal nares. These patients may have a previously undescribed recurrent-pattern cerebro-oculo-nasal syndrome. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.