Stigma-related access barriers and violence against trans women in the Colombian healthcare system

ABSTRACT

Drawing from qualitative research conducted in a participatory action research framework with 28 transgender women in Colombia, this paper presents the stigma-related barriers to healthcare experienced by trans women and their experiences of multi-level violence within the healthcare system. The authors also discuss how advocacy work was conducted as part of the research process and how trans community leaders were involved throughout the project in order to promote policy-relevance and community-based implementation of findings. The paper concludes with a discussion of how the experiences of violence and stigmatisation within the health care system is linked to broader processes of structural stigma reproduced within Colombian society.     

Decisions About Marriage and Family Among Survivors of Childhood Cancer

Although the effects of treatment for childhood cancer on subsequent reproductive outcomes are unknown, they are often implicated as contributing to that outcome in a detrimental manner. In this study, 263 adult survivors of childhood cancer were compared with 369 adult sibling controls regarding their decisions to marry and have children. The survivors were more likely to report not marrying for health reasons. Although the long-term surivivors did not have significantly more documented or suspected infertility problems, they were less likely than controls to have been pregnant or involved with a pregnancy and were more likely to have been advised by a physician to avoid a pregnancy. However, when the frequency of birth defects among 253 offspring of the survivors was compared with the frequency of defents among 595 offspring of controls, the outcome of pregnancy among survivors and controls proved to equally favorable.     

The Australian First‐time Grandparents Study: Time spent with the grandchild and its predictors

Aim: This paper presents data on the amount of contact a large cohort of first‐time Australian grandparents have with their grandchild, and the amount of child care they provide. It compares these with grandparents' expectations and desired levels. Method: Prospective grandparents were assessed on multiple measures before the birth of their grandchild, and at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months thereafter. Results: At the 12‐month assessment, grandmothers had approximately 15 hours per week contact, and provided approximately 7.5 hours per week of child care. The corresponding figures for grandfathers were 9.5 hours and 5 hours respectively. Approximately 10% of grandparents reported no contact with their grandchild, and 30–40% reported undertaking no child care. Almost half the grandparents desired more contact than they were actually getting. Conclusion: Accurate quantification of contact and care is a prerequisite for investigation of the impact of the transition to grandparenthood on health and well‐being.     

A survey of pyrethroid‐resistant populations of Meligethes aeneus F. in Poland indicates the incidence of numerous substitutions in the pyrethroid target site of voltage‐sensitive sodium channels in individual beetles

The pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.) is the most devastating pest of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and is controlled by pyrethroid insecticides. However, resistance to pyrethroids in Europe is becoming widespread and predominant. Pyrethroids target the voltage‐sensitive sodium channel (VSSC), and mutations in VSSC may be responsible for pyrethroid insensitivity. Here, we analysed individual beetles that were resistant to esfenvalerate, a pyrethroid, from 14 populations that were collected from oilseed rape fields in Poland. We screened the VSSC domains that were presumed to directly interact with pyrethroids. We identified 18 heterozygous nucleic acid substitutions, amongst which six caused an amino acid change: N912S, G926S, I936V, R957G, F1538L and E1553G. Our analysis of the three‐dimensional structure of these domains in VSSC revealed that some of these changes may slightly influence the protein structure and hence the docking efficiency of esfenvalerate. Therefore, these mutations may impact the susceptibility of the sodium channel to the action of this insecticide.     

大隐静脉瓣膜的形态特点及其意义

目的:为临床诊断和治疗大隐静脉曲张、构建组织工程静脉瓣提供形态学基础。方法:34侧大隐静脉股段标本按自身比例均分为近、中和远3段,手术显微镜下解剖、观察瓣膜的形态,测量相关数值,分析瓣膜与静脉属支的关系。对新鲜瓣膜行Masson三色改良染色和H-E染色。结果:大隐静脉股段瓣膜数为(3.18±0.94)个,瓣膜以半月形双叶瓣为主,瓣膜方位无显著性差异,隐-股点主要位于属支汇入处的远心端(Ⅲ型)。瓣膜的窦面和腔面均覆着一层内皮细胞,在管腔面内皮下层覆着数层网状的弹力纤维,瓣膜主要由胶原纤维构成。结论:通过对大隐静脉瓣膜形态学研究,获取了其基本形态学特点及数据,为进一步临床研究及组织工程构建人工瓣膜提供形态学参考。     

加强护患沟通 推进“优质护理服务示范工程”活动

我院在实施卫生部"优质护理服务示范工程"活动(以下简称"示范工程"活动)中,通过对两组不同年龄病人交流沟通的经验总结,进一步掌握了更好的护患沟通技巧,构建了良好的护患关系,减少了护患矛盾与纠纷,保障医疗安全,全面提高了医院临床护理工作水平,推进了"示范工程"活动的深入开展。     

Study of autosomal STR loci with IBS method in full sibling identification

Objective: We investigated the application of 51 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci with the identity by state (IBS) method and a discriminant function algorithm in full-sib identification. Methods: A total of 342 pairs of full sibs (FSs) and 3900 pairs of unrelated individuals (UIs) were genotyped for 51 STR loci. Groups were formed in accordance with discrimination power (DP) values and the number of loci, and IBS scores of FSs and UIs were analyzed and compared. The discriminant functions of FS-UI were determined by using the Fisher discriminant with SPSS software. Results: All IBS in FSs and UIs groups showed normal distributions and there were significant differences between FS-UI. Receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that the detection efficiency of full-sib identification was affected by both the locus polymorphism and the number of loci detected. Comparing the rate of false positive and false negative of discriminant function between groups, a higher average DP value and larger number of loci detected were associated with a lower rate of miscarriage of justice and were more helpful for full-sib identification. Conclusion: STRs with higher DP values should be selected when additional autosomal markers are required for FS identification. Discriminant analysis with the IBS method is highly applicable for the FS-UI test.