老年高血压患者脉压与左心室肥厚的关系

目的探讨老年高血压患者脉压(PP)与左心室肥厚(LVH)的关系。方法老年高血压患者212例,按PP水平分为<40mmHg、40～60mmHg、60～80mmHg及>80mmHg4组,分别进行心脏超声检查,计算出左室质量指数(LVMI),分析PP与LVMI的关系。结果随着PP的增大,LVMI明显增加,各组间LVMI有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论老年高血压患者PP增大可以促进LVH的发生及发展,PP是LVH重要的危险因素及预测因子。     

Lateral asymmetries in the trigeminal ganglion of the male rat

We have applied stereological methods to estimate the number and perikaryal size of primary sensory neurons in celloidin-embedded trigeminal ganglia of male albino rats, specifically looking for inter-individual and side variability. The mean total number of neurons per ganglion was 35,300, with a moderate variability among ganglia. On average, 66% of the neurons were classified as A-type and 34% as B-type. Although for individual cases there could be notable side differences in the number of neurons of each type, on a population basis these differences were not significant. Mean neuronal volume was four times larger for A- than for B-cells, and both populations exhibited a moderate variability among individuals. High intra-animal side differences were found for A-cells, which were on average a significant 23.5% larger in the right ganglia. B-cells did not show significant side differences. The distribution of individual volumes around the mean value was consistently skewed to the right, particularly in the case of A-cells, which partially overlapped with the largest B-cells. In the right ganglion the distribution of A-cells, but not of B-cells, showed a rightward bias, revealing the increase in bigger neurons. The existence of larger A-type neurons in the right trigeminal ganglion may provide a structural substrate for some somesthetically based complex behaviors which are best performed by rats using their right vibrissae.     

Intermittent atrial level right-to-left shunt with temporary hypoxemia in a patient during support with a left ventricular assist device

We report a 56-year-old male patient developing hypoxemia after surgical replacement of infected valves of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD, Novacor) which had supported him during the previous 15 months. Contrast transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed an atrial septal defect with intermittent right-to-left shunt across a patent foramen ovale. We postulate that the shunt detected in this patient occurred as a consequence of reduced pulmonary vascular compliance due to positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and an increase of mean intrathoracic pressure. Furthermore, we hypothesize that synchronized LVAD operation exacerbates any potential right-to-left shunt due to the profound left ventricular unloading which occurs during LVAD support. In this first report of a right-to-left shunt from a previously unrecognized patent foramen ovale in a Novacor patient, the subsequent transient hypoxemia could be managed by avoiding PEEP of more than 3 mmHg, and mean airway pressure of more than 11 mmHg and by careful volume replacement in order to prevent the pump from completely emptying the left ventricle (LV) and the left atrium (LA). Thus, prior to every LVAD implantation a transesophageal contrast echocardiography with Valsalva maneuver should be performed to identify intracardiac right-to-left shunt.     

介入联合手术治疗贲门癌疗效评价

目的评价胃左动脉化疗栓塞(碘化油)结合手术切除治疗贲门癌的临床价值。方法选择62例贲门癌患者,随机分介入组(31例),即术前介入法行胃左动脉化疗,已碘油栓塞,30天后左右行手术切除治疗,对照组(31例)直接手术切除23例,占74.2%。结果1、2、3年生存率介入组为90.3%、74.2%、45.2%,对照组为67.7%、35.5%、25.8%。结论术前介入性胃左动脉化疗能提高贲门癌患者的生存率,是治疗贲门癌的理想方法。     

急性心肌梗死患者溶栓治疗后心电图早期T波倒置、BNP变化对左室重构的意义

目的观察急性心肌梗死患者接受静脉溶栓治疗后心电图T波倒置、血浆中BNP的水平变化与左室重构之间的关系,探讨T波倒置、BNP对左室重构的预测价值。方法首次急性心肌梗死患者共54例,溶栓治疗后持续24h监测心电图,A组(溶栓治疗后24小时出现T波倒置,n=38)与B组(溶栓治疗后24小时T波仍直立,n=16)于治疗前及治疗后第7天,采用电化学发光法对血浆BNP水平进行检测,并随访复查急性心肌梗死后2~3天及第3个月超声心动图。结果溶栓治疗后BNP水平,A组明显小于B组;A组内治疗前后BNP比较,治疗后明显减小;B组治疗后BNP水平明显增加。A组患者溶栓治疗后2~3天及3个月时LVEDD比较,差异无显著性;B组患者溶栓治疗后3个月时LVEDD明显增大,B组左室重构发生率明显高于A组。结论急性心肌梗死患者溶栓治疗后心电图早期T波倒置和BNP水平降低对于预测左室重构有重要意义。     

青少年营养转型期体重指数与血压、血脂、血糖、心脏结构及功能相关关系的队列研究

目的应用队列研究方法探讨超重／肥胖学龄儿童在青少年期体重指数(BMI)与血压、血脂、血糖、心脏结构及功能的相关关系。方法采用整群抽样横断面调查与追踪调查的流行病学方法调查北京市健康学龄儿童(7-11岁)与9年后同一观察对象(16-20岁)共193名,于基线时(9年前)及随访时(9年后)对每名学生均测量身高、体重、血压,并均应用生化法于空腹12小时后抽血检查血清总胆固醇、血糖和甘油三酯水平。应用超声心动图方法检测随访时16-20岁学生的心脏结构、血流及功能。根据儿童期BMI值分为儿童期肥胖组、超重组、正常体重组,比较同一观察对象儿童期与青少年期各项指标的变化。结果同一人群青少年期较儿童期血脂、血糖水平无明显差异。儿童期肥胖组较正常体重组于9年后随访时(青少年期)的BMI(24．71 kg／m2±4．57 kg/m2和20．54 kg／m2±2．84 kg／m2)及收缩压(117．22 mm Hg±17．44 mm Hg和102．20 mm Hg±11．68 mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0．133 kPa)明显增高(P<0．001和P<0 05),室间隔增厚(0．87 cm±0.12 cm和0．77 cm±0．12 cm)及左室后壁增厚(0．91 cm±0．13 cm和0．79 cm±0．31 cm)(P<0．01和P<0．05)、左室心肌质量(167．84 g±16．29 g和128．95 g±63．00 g)及左室心肌质量指数(88．12 g／m2±17．19 g／m2和79．35 g／m2±39．01g/m2)明显增加(P值均<0．05),差异有统计学意义;左室舒张末期容积及心输出量增加,射血分数及左室短轴缩短率下降(P值均<0．05),心脏舒张功能各项指标体重正常组与肥胖组及超重组间差异均无统计学意义。结论学龄肥胖儿童较学龄体重正常儿童在成长为青少年后,BMI及血压明显增高,左室壁增厚,左室心肌质量增加,提示儿童期单纯肥胖症是成年后心血管疾病的重要危险因素。     

心电图劳损改变与高血压预后因素的关系探讨

目的 探讨心动图劳损改变与高血压预后因素的关系.方法 对31例有劳损的高血压患者与38例无劳损的高血压患者的预后因素进行对比分析.结果 有劳损组在空腹血糖水平、尿白蛋白/肌酐比值、超声心动图室间隔或左室后壁厚度、颈总动脉内中膜厚度、心脑肾疾病史方面均比无劳损组高,差异有显著性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);有劳损组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平比无劳损组低,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);而有劳损组总胆固醇水平和腰围与无劳损组相比虽较高但差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 心电图劳损改变与多种高血压预后因素相关,可做为高血压危险分层及高血压疗效评价的一个有用指标.     

慢性心房颤动患者心室率变化意义的探讨

目的分析探讨慢性心房颤动患者心室率变化的意义,为临床如何预防心房颤动患者出现脑栓塞、心功能降低等并发症提供理论依据。方法将入院或门诊就诊病程超过1年的慢性心房颤动患者分为脑栓塞组和非脑栓塞组,各30例,观察比较两组患者临床特征,动态心电图计数比较两组患者最大心室率、平均心室率及最小心室率变化,超声心动图测定两组患者左房内径大小、左室射血分数变化,血浆凝血酶原时间凝固法测定两组患者血浆凝血酶原时间国际标准化比值(I NR)变化。结果两组患者一般临床特征、左房内径大小、I NR值比较,差异无统计学意义。脑栓塞组最大心室率、平均心室率及最小心室率均明显快于非脑栓塞组,左室射血分数明显低于非脑栓塞组。结论慢性心房颤动患者降低心室率对预防脑栓塞、左心功能降低有重要意义。     

心力衰竭患儿血浆心房利钠肽水平变化及临床意义

目的:探讨心力衰竭患儿血浆心房利钠肽(ANP)的变化及其临床意义。方法:心力衰竭患儿34例,分成3个亚组,Ⅰ度心衰组14例,Ⅱ度心衰组13例,Ⅲ度心衰组7例。分别测定治疗前后血浆ANP水平、血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平,并作超声心动图检查,观察血浆ANP水平与左室射血分数(LVEF)之间的关系。选取健康儿童20例作为对照组,以了解小儿心力衰竭时ANP、CK-MB变化情况。结果(:1)心力衰竭组ANP、CK-MB水平均明显高于正常对照组,随着心力衰竭程度的加重,血浆ANP水平逐渐增高,与心衰程度呈正相关,与LVEF呈负相关。而CK-MB与心衰程度、LVEF之间均没有相关性。(2)心功能好转后ANP、CK-MB水平均明显下降(P<0.01),LVEF明显增高(P<0.01)。结论:心力衰竭时,血浆ANP水平明显增高,并且与心衰程度、LVEF有较好的关联。     

治疗前动态血压监测对高血压病患者左室重塑类型的预测

目的:探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者动态血压对左室重塑类型的预测价值。方法:84名EH患者按动态血压值分为两组,分别进行心脏超声检测,比较左室重量指数(LVMI)及左室重塑的特点。结果:平均血压值较高的B组LVMI、左室肥厚与向心性肥厚的发生率均高于平均血压值低的A组(均P<0.01),正常构型发生率低于A组(P=0.01)。LVMI与平均收缩压、平均舒张压均呈显著的正相关关系(均P<0.05)。结论:动态血压值高的EH患者LVMI较大,左室肥厚与向心性肥厚的发生率较高。动态血压对EH患者左室重塑的类型有强烈的预测价值。