3种神经病理性疼痛筛查量表在中轴型脊柱关节炎患者中的评价

目的 比较3种神经病理性疼痛筛查量表在中轴型脊柱关节炎患者中的信度、效度和适用性。方法 采用painDETECT问卷、神经病理性疼痛4问卷和利兹神经病理性症状和体征评估疼痛量表对186例中轴型脊柱关节炎患者进行调查,评价量表的信度和效度。结果 painDETECT问卷、神经病理性疼痛4问卷和利兹神经病理性症状和体征评估疼痛量表的Cronbach α系数分别为0.807,0.697和0.623, Guttman分半系数分别为0.846、0.691和0.701。painDETECT问卷共提取2个公因子,累计方差贡献率55.171%。神经病理性疼痛4问卷共提取4个公因子,累计方差贡献率66.627%。利兹神经病理性症状和体征评估疼痛量表共提取2个公因子,累计方差贡献率50.836%。3种量表评估结果一致性Kappa值和相关性r值均大于0.500。患者对3种量表首选率分别为71.5%、3.2%和14.0%。结论 painDETECT问卷信度和效度良好,首选率最高。其余2种量表信度尚可,效度良好。3种量表一致性与相关性较强。     

Socio-demographic and economic determinants of overweight and obesity in preschool children in Palestine: analysis of data from the Palestinian Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey

Background

Obesity is a global public health issue and worldwide rates of childhood obesity are ten times higher than 40 years ago. A limited number of studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence of preschool obesity and overweight and associated factors in Palestinian children. The aim of this study was to examine sociodemographic and economic factors associated with preschool overweight and obesity in Palestinian children younger than 5 years of age.

A comparison of the in vivo antibacterial effects of 'OpSite', 'Tegaderm' and 'Ensure' dressings

Three semi-permeable polyurethane dressings, 'Ensure', 'OpSite' and 'Tegaderm', were tested for their ability to prevent the increase in bacterial population under naturally hydrated, occluded volar forearm skin. Only 'OpSite' inhibited the bacterial multiplication in these tests. It is concluded that in the practical situation, 'OpSite' could well confer a greater margin of safety.     

Comparative Study of Cefamandole versus Ampicillin plus Cloxacillin: Prophylactic Antibiotics in Cardiac Surgery

A randomized, prospective study of the efficacy of cefamandole naftate versus a combination of ampicillin and cloxacillin was undertaken in 109 adult patients operated on in Leeds during 1979. Sixty patients underwent valve replacement, and 49 had either aortocoronary bypass grafts or other forms of open-heart operation. The two groups matched well in age, sex, and type of operation. One gram of either antibiotic was given intravenously during the induction of anesthesia and every 6 hours thereafter for 48 hours. Two additional grams of antibiotic were placed in the prime of the heart-lung machine.The overall rate of infection was 7.5% for the entire series, with 1.7% for the group given cefamandole and 13.7% for the group given ampicillin plus cloxacillin (p < 0.05). The only patient with infection in the former group (1.7%) had sternal wound involvement. Major sternal wound infection occurred in 3 (5.9%) patients in the latter group. All wound infections were caused by Staphylococcus aureus. In 2 of these patients (ampicillin plus cloxacillin group) the infection proceeded to endocarditis. Urinary and respiratory tract infections occurred in 1.9% and 5.9%, respectively, of patients given ampicillin plus cloxacillin. The duration of hospital stay was shorter in the cefamandole group. The results of this study demonstrated that cefamandole confers effective prophylaxis in cardiac operations.     

Dental and facial injuries following sports accidents: a study of 130 patients

Details of injuries to the face and teeth have been collected over a five-year period. One hundred and thirty patients were seen with injuries resulting from 21 different sports. Estimates of the numbers of people playing various team sports in the Bradford area suggest that the incidence of facial injuries is most common in rugby, followed by soccer and cricket. Miniature motor cycling and horse-riding are the most dangerous individual sports. The ages of injured patients varied widely in different sports, but the severity of injuries sustained is less than those due to other causes.