Inhibitory Effects of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Bark on Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits in Mice

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Bark (EUE) is commonly used for the treatment of hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, lumbago, and ischialgia as well as to promote longevity. In this study, we tested the effects of EUE aqueous extract in graded doses to protect and enhance cognition in scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments in mice. EUE significantly improved the impairment of short-term or working memory induced by scopolamine in the Y-maze and significantly reversed learning and memory deficits in mice as measured by the passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests. One day after the last trial session of the Morris water maze test (probe trial session), EUE dramatically increased the latency time in the target quadrant in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, EUE significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) activities in the hippocampus and frontal cortex in a dose-dependent manner. EUE also markedly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylation of cAMP element binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus of scopolamine-induced mice. Based on these findings, we suggest that EUE may be useful for the treatment of cognitive deficits, and that the beneficial effects of EUE are mediated, in part, by cholinergic signaling enhancement and/or protection.     

消旋-3-正丁基苯酞对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的 探讨消旋-3-正丁基苯酞(NBP)对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆的影响.方法 用两血管法(2VO)建立血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)模型,将60只3月龄雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成VD组、假手术组和NBP组,NBP组以丁苯酞灌胃1个月,VD组和假手术组给予等量的植物油,以Morris水迷宫测试各组大鼠的学习记忆能力,HE染色观察大鼠海马区脑组织形态.结果 NBP组和假手术组和VD组的隐蔽平台逃避潜伏期[分别为(38.34±2.46)s,(14.83±3.77s),(75.74±6.33)s];原平台象限时间[分别为(26.45±4.66)s,(35.21±3.78)s,(18.67±5.39)s].与VD组相比,NBP组明显缩短隐蔽平台逃避潜伏期,增加原平台象限时间,并在HE染色中减少神经元坏死.结论 NBP能显著改善VD大鼠的学习记忆能力.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on learning and memory abilities in vascular demensia (VD) rats. Methods VD model rats was established by two-vessel method. 60 3-month-old Wistar male rats were randomly divided into VD group, sham-operate group and NBP group. Rats in NBP group were given NBP 120 mg · kg-1 · d-1 ,VD and sham-operate group were given equal quality vegetable oil.Morris water maze was used to assess the learning and memory abilities in each group and HE staining was used to observe the hippocampus morphology of the rats. Results The escape latency in hidden plat test was( (38.34 ±2.46 ) s, ( 14.83 ± 3.77s ), ( 75.74 ± 6.33 ) s ) and the original platform quadrant time was ( ( 26.45 ± 4.66 ) s,(35.21 ±3.78)s, ( 18.67 ±5.39)s) in NBP group,sham-operate group and VD group respectively. Compared to VD group, NBP group had obviously decreased escape latency in hidden plat test, increased original platform quadrant time and distinctly decreased the necrosis of the neurons in HE dyeing. Conclusion NBP can improve the learning and memory deficits in VD rats.     

案例式PBL教学模式构建交互式师生关系

目的研究影像实践教学中开展案例式PBL教学法对构建新型师生关系的影响。方法在我院影像诊断专业班级进行案例式PBL实验教学后,在评价学生分析能力、自主能力、创新能力的同时,重点研究此新型教学模式在构建新型师生关系方面的意义。结果学生不仅在影像诊断分析能力方面有显著提高,师生关系也由传统“教师权威制”、“师道尊严制”转变为“平等”、“尊重”为主的师生交互关系。结论案例式PBL教学法在构建新型师生关系方面取得非常好的效果。     

浅谈医学技术给人类社会带来的不良影响

对现代医学技术给人类社会带来的各种不良影响进行了探讨,以期引起人们对该问题的重视,防止医学技术的滥用。     

哲学论域中的自我

自我或“我”曾一再成为哲学沉思的对象。孔子曾提出“四毋”的要求 ,从认识论上看 ,“毋我”含有消除主观成见之意 ;就价值观而言 ,“毋我”则意味着超越小我。道家对于“我” ,也以有而无之为立场。道家的这种无己说 ,惟有联系其自然原则 ,才能得到较为具体的理解。相对于儒家对礼乐文明的礼赞 ,道家更多地表现出崇尚自然的趋向。佛教所说的“我” ,包括“人我”与“法我” ,前者与人的存在相联系 ,指作为个体的“我” ,后者则涉及人之外的一般对象 ,与之相应 ,无我亦包含“人无我”与“法无我”二重含义。相对于佛教 ,休谟通常所谓的“自我” ,不过是相继的“知觉的集合体 ,或一束知觉” ,作为实体的自我只是一种“虚构”。当自我被理解为“知觉的集合”时 ,它便失去了本体论上的实在性。从毋我、无我到质疑自我 ,对自我的消解和否定构成了其中共同的趋向。但作为具体的存在 ,自我既以意识与人格的综合统一为特点 ,又以感性生命为存在的前提 ;既有个体性的规定 ,又包含着社会的内容 ;既经历了形成与发展的阶段 ,又内含着时间中的绵延同一;在总体上表现为身与心、天与人、个体性与社会性、发展阶段与过程性的统一     

深度学习在医学影像学领域应用研究进展

阐述深度学习方法、原理和主要模型结构,以脑部疾病和乳腺癌为例分析深度学习在国内医学影像学领域的应用情况,总结其局限性,包括图像获取难度高、数据缺乏完整性、数据采集标准化不足及图像像素分辨率不高等方面。     

Increasing research capacity and changing the culture of primary care towards reflective inquiring practice: the experience of the West London Research Network (WeLReN)

A number of primary care research networks were set up throughout England in 1998 in order to (1) improve the quality of primary care research (2) increase the research capacity of primary care, and (3) change the culture of primary care towards reflective inquiring practice (NHSE, 2000b). It is not clear how best to operate a network to achieve these diverse aims. This paper describes the first 30 months of a network that adopted a whole system approach in the belief that this would offer the best chance of simultaneously achieving the three aims. A cycle of activity was designed to facilitate the formation of multidisciplinary coalitions of interest for research with complementary 'top down' and 'bottom up' programmes of work co-existing. At least 330 people participated in the generation of research questions of whom one third (33%) were general practitioners, 16% community nurses, 6% practice managers and other primary care practitioners. Over two fifths (43%) were 'key allies' - academics, health authority staff, community workers and project workers. One fifth (110) of all practices (500) in the WeLReN area have collaborated in at least one research project. The ratio of doctor:nurse participation in the 24 research project teams was markedly different in the supported coalitions (2:1) compared to projects devised and led by more experienced researchers (6:1). The evidence suggests that it is possible to operate a primary care research network in a way that develops coalitions of interest from different parts of the health care system as well as both 'top down' and 'bottom up' led projects. It is too early to tell if the approach will be able to achieve its aims in the long-term but the activity data are encouraging. There is a need for more research on the theoretical basis of network operation.     

Shared learning in practice placements for health and social work students in East London: a feasibility study

A voluntary organisation providing family support and mental health services carried out an enquiry into the feasibility of setting up placements in primary care for students from professional qualifying courses in community nursing, social work and occupational therapy to experience shared practice learning in their placement. Consultation with a range of courses from two universities in London and with GP practices and other primary care agencies in East London established that there was wide support for the idea from practitioners, managers and academic teachers. It was recommended that a small number of pilot placements be set up. It was acknowledged that the diversity of placement requirements across the spectrum of professional education is a limiting factor in bringing students together for practice learning. The authors suggest that in the longer term, the development of an interprofessional approach to practice learning will require structural changes to professional courses so as to bring their placement requirements more into line with each other.     

Design principles for the use of simulation as an aid in interventional cardiology training

Learning complex skills through simulation is a goal for training physicians in specialties such as interventional cardiology, where traditional training puts patients at risk. Intuitively, interactive simulation of anatomy, pathology and therapeutic actions should lead to shortening of the learning curve for novice or inexperienced physicians. An accurate recreation of the interactions among anatomy, pathology and therapeutic actions is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the development of a simulation-based training system. In addition to real-time graphic interactivity coupled with haptic response, a successful training tool will require features of a 'learning system' such as: an embedded curriculum, functionality that allows rehearsal and practice, hypertext links to educational information, personal archiving, and instructor review and testing capabilities. We describe how such a system might look for the field of interventional cardiology, and suggest that designing a simulation with both technical and pedagogical fidelity is essential in developing simulation-based training systems in any field of medicine.     

Potential for naturally derived therapeutics: the Caribbean as a model – insights from the conference on therapeutics and functional genomics

The 2nd Annual Conference of the Society for Scientific Advancement (SoSA) was convened to integrate three research areas towards the development of therapies that will help to reduce disease burden in the Caribbean. Held in Kingston, the capital city of Jamaica, on November 22, 2013, the meeting assembled experts in the areas of genomics, stem cell research and natural medicine. The speakers represented the University of the West Indies, Mona and St. Augustine campuses, the University of Technology, and faculty from the USA and Africa. Sponsorship of this meeting supports SoSA’s goal of stimulating translational research in the Caribbean.