两种长度的颈椎椎弓根螺钉与侧块螺钉拔出试验比较

目的:比较两种长度的颈椎椎弓根螺钉和侧块螺钉的抗拔出力,探讨颈椎经椎弓根短螺钉固定的可行性。方法:5具C3~C5共15节新鲜颈椎标本,用长度为28mm和20mm的皮质骨螺钉分别置入椎弓根,并用20mm的螺钉行侧块双皮质固定,螺钉进入侧块深度约14mm。行拔出试验,比较螺钉的最大轴向拔出力。结果:椎弓根长螺钉的最大拔出力为650N,椎弓根短螺钉为585N,两者比较无显著性差异(P>0.01);侧块螺钉的最大拔出力为360N,与椎弓根短螺钉比较有显著性差异(P<0.0001)。结论:颈椎椎弓根短螺钉固定可提供足够的稳定性,其安全性相对较高。     

改良腹直肌旁入路在下腰椎前路手术中的应用

目的探讨改良腹直肌旁腹膜外人路在腰椎前路手术中的应用价值。方法2000年12月～2003年12月应用改良腹直肌旁腹膜外人路行椎体间植骨结合后路椎弓根螺钉内固定系统治疗腰椎滑脱症36例,结核病灶清除植骨融合术12例,腰椎爆裂性骨折椎体次全切除植骨内固定2例,腰椎体肿瘤切除术4例,腰椎间隙感染病灶清除术2例。结果病椎显露平均时间为15．8min,显露过程平均出血量45．6ml,术后切口愈合良好,切口旁皮肤感觉正常。结论改良腹直肌旁腹膜外人路为下腰椎前路手术提供简单便捷的手术人路,尤其适合于椎体间融合术及病灶清除术。     

A mechanism of lateral flexion distraction injury of the spine

Flexion distraction fractures or Chance fractures are well described in the literature. We present an unusual pattern of injury of a pure lateral flexion distraction fracture of the T12 vertebra with no posterior element disruption following a blow to the right torso to a passenger in a road traffic accident. The diagnosis was made intra-operatively as the potential for this injury pattern following the described mechanism was not initially recognised. We suggest that this type of injury be suspected in any patient where a fulcrum has acted at any point around the torso.     

MED术穿刺靶点定位分析及临床意义

目的 探讨椎间盘镜于术穿刺靶点定化的方法及临床意义。方法将L5～S1棘突间隙作为穿刺靶点参考平面的体表标志,并类推出其它间隙平面。穿刺后用C臂X线机(或摄片)确认。对双间隙突出需同时施术者,则应预先用两根定位针同时定位,依施术先后,选择拔出或保留其中1根,完成1个节段手术后,再将先拔出的待术节段定位针重新置入。结果287例患者,共施术294节腰椎间隙,1次穿刺准确率98％以上。结论以棘突间隙作为判断靶点体表标志的方法,准确率高,熟悉、掌握穿刺靶点的定位,能缩短手术过程,减少长时间俯卧对患者呼吸的干扰,减少射线量。     

股骨外侧壁形态对股骨转子区骨折内固定失效的预测研究

目的：探讨外侧壁形态与股骨转子区骨折早期内固定失效的关系。方法：选取2015年1月至2020年1月行内固定治疗的295例股骨转子区骨折患者,根据术后是否出现早期内固定失败将患者分为两组,即失败组19例和正常组276例。对两组患者性别、患侧、年龄、AO分型、身体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）、术前血红蛋白、X线测量下外侧壁厚度、术前合并内科疾病、术中失血量、术后尖顶距（tip apex distance,TAD）、术后颈干角、手术时间等资料进行比较。比较两组外侧壁形态,对外侧壁形态与股骨转子区骨折早期内固失效进行相关性分析。结果：两组患者术后随访1年以上。两组患者在术中失血量、手术时间、术后TAD、术后颈干角等方面比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。末次随访失败组视觉模拟评分（visual anague scale,VAS）高于正常组（P<0.01）,失败组Harris评分小于正常组（P<0.05）。绘制外侧壁形态与股骨转子区骨折早期内固定失败之间的受试者工作特征（receiver operator characteristic,ROC）曲线,中...     

Validation of a new method for determination of cup orientation in THA

Our goal was to validate accuracy, consistency, and reproducibility/reliability of a new method for determining cup orientation in total hip arthroplasty (THA). This method allows matching the 3D‐model from CT images or slices with the projected pelvis on an anteroposterior pelvic radiograph using a fully automated registration procedure. Cup orientation (inclination and anteversion) is calculated relative to the anterior pelvic plane, corrected for individual malposition of the pelvis during radiograph acquisition. Measurements on blinded and randomized radiographs of 80 cadaver and 327 patient hips were investigated. The method showed a mean accuracy of 0.7 ± 1.7° (?3.7° to 4.0°) for inclination and 1.2 ± 2.4° (?5.3° to 5.6°) for anteversion in the cadaver trials and 1.7 ± 1.7° (?4.6° to 5.5°) for inclination and 0.9 ± 2.8° (?5.2° to 5.7°) for anteversion in the clinical data when compared to CT‐based measurements. No systematic errors in accuracy were detected with the Bland–Altman analysis. The software consistency and the reproducibility/reliability were very good. This software is an accurate, consistent, reliable, and reproducible method to measure cup orientation in THA using a sophisticated 2D/3D‐matching technique. Its robust and accurate matching algorithm can be expanded to statistical models. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1583–1588, 2009     

Ideal screw entry point and projection angles for posterior lateral mass fixation of the atlas: an anatomical study

Although various posterior insertion angles for screw insertion have been proposed for C1 lateral mass, substantial conclusions have not been reached regarding ideal angles and average length of the screw yet. We aimed to re-consider the morphometry and the ideal trajections of the C1 screw. Morphometric analysis was performed on 40 Turkish dried atlas vertebrae obtained from the Department of Anatomy at the Medical School of Ankara University. The quantitative anatomy of the screw entry zone, trajectories, and the ideal lengths of the screws were calculated to evaluate the feasibility of posterior screw fixation of the lateral mass of the atlas. The entry point into the lateral mass of the atlas is the intersection of the posterior arch and the C1 lateral mass. The optimum medial angle is 13.5 ± 1.9° and maximal angle of medialization is 29.4 ± 3.0°. The ideal cephalic angle is 15.2 ± 2.6°, and the maximum cephalic angle is 29.6 ± 2.6°. The optimum screw length was found to be 19.59 ± 2.20 mm. With more than 30° of medial trajections and cephalic trajections the screw penetrates into the spinal canal and atlantooccipital joint, respectively. Strikingly, in 52% of our specimens, the height of the inferior articular process was under 3.5 mm, and in 70% was under 4 mm, which increases the importance of the preparation of the screw entry site. For accommodation of screws of 3.5-mm in diameter, the starting point should be taken as the insertion of the posterior arch at the superior end of the inferior articular process with a cephalic trajection. This study may aid many surgeons in their attempts to place C1 lateral mass screws.     

枢椎后路3种螺钉固定技术生物力学测试的对比研究

目的：评价单皮质和双皮质枢椎椎弓根螺钉、枢椎侧块螺钉和枢椎椎板螺钉的固定强度,为临床选择后路螺钉的固定方式提供生物力学依据。方法：利用30具新鲜尸体枢椎标本,进行单皮质和双皮质的枢椎椎弓根螺钉、枢椎侧块螺钉、枢椎椎板螺钉固定,测试比较其螺钉拔出强度。结果：双皮质枢椎椎弓根螺钉的拔出力量最大,为（1255.8±381.9）N;单皮质枢椎椎弓根螺钉[（901.8±373.3）N]、双皮质枢椎侧块螺钉[（776.1±306.8）N]和双皮质枢椎椎板螺钉[（640.8±302.9）N]之间差异无统计学意义。结论：枢椎后路螺钉固定宜首选椎弓根螺钉,枢椎侧块螺钉和枢椎椎板螺钉可作为枢椎后路补充固定技术,且以双皮质骨固定为宜。