手术室护理中有关法律问题的探讨

医疗法规的日渐完善 ,对医疗安全的要求和医护人员的工作行为及其职责的约束更加严格。探讨手术室护理工作中的有关法律问题包括 :手术室护理工作中的法律文件、越职行为、失职行为、病人的隐私权、医护人员的语言、手术室护士的法律意识等 ,对防止有关的护理缺陷的发生 ,减少医疗纠纷具有重要的意义     

Physician Training:

The authors surveyed former medical resident physicians who participated in long-term home health care program services during training. Forty-four physicians who had served in a home visit program were surveyed after an average of ten years since completion of medical training (range: 1 to 18 years). The majority of the 43 respondents (56%) make house calls in their current medical practices and most of the 36 now involved in medical house staff training (83%) incorporate their home care experience into their teaching today. Working at a home health care program can have educational value for medical residents, influence later practice, and result in personal and professional rewards.     

Emancipated minors: health policy and implications for nursing

Emancipation is a process that offers adolescents a solution to serve in the role of an adult in circumstances that warrant the need for more autonomy. The process and definitions of emancipation are often ambiguous for adolescents, nurses, and other health care providers that provide services for these individuals. Emancipation can be additionally perplexing with the lack of overarching federal guidelines and the fragmented definitions among various states. Nursing has a significant and legal role in providing care for emancipated minors and a more global duty to advocate for adolescents in situations that necessitate emancipation. This article explores the emancipation process, the laws of each state that govern emancipation, the facilitators and barriers, and the role of nursing in the emancipation process.     

Law,ethics and clinical judgment in end-of-life decisions—How do Norwegian doctors think?

Aim

According to Norwegian law, an autonomous patient has the right to refuse life-prolonging treatment. If the patient is not defined as dying, however, health personnel are obliged to instigate life-saving treatment in an emergency situation even against the patient's wishes. The purpose of this study was to investigate how doctors’ attitudes and knowledge agree with these legal provisions, and how the statutory provision on emergency situations influences the principle of patient autonomy for severely ill, but not dying, patients.

Method

A strategic sample of 1175 Norwegian doctors who are specialists in internal medicine, paediatrics, surgery, neurology and neurosurgery received a mail questionnaire about decisions on end-of-life care in hypothetical scenarios. The case presented concerns a 45-year-old autonomous patient diagnosed with end-stage ALS who declines ventilatory treatment. Recipients were randomly selected from the membership roster of the Norwegian Medical Association. 640 (54.5%) responded; of these, 406 had experience with end-of-life decisions.

Results

56.1% (221/394) stated that ALS patients in such situations can always refuse life-prolonging treatment, and 42.4% (167/394) were of the opinion that the patient can normally refuse life-prolonging treatment. 1.5% (6/394) stated that the patient cannot refuse life-prolonging treatment.

Conclusions

The answers indicate that the respondents include patients’ refusal in an overall clinical judgement, and interpret patients’ right to decline life-saving treatment in different ways. This may reflect the complex legal situation in Norway regarding patient autonomy with respect to the right of severely ill, but not dying, patients’ right to decline acute life-saving treatment.     

Assessing the options for local government to use legal approaches to combat obesity in the UK: putting theory into practice

The law is recognized as a powerful tool to address some of the structural determinants of chronic disease, including ‘obesogenic’ environments which are a major factor in the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide. However, it is often local – as opposed to national – government that has responsibility for an environment, including the built environment, and their role in reducing obesity using law remains relatively unexplored. With the English government shifting emphasis for improvement of public health from central to local government, this paper reviews the potential for regulatory action by local government to reduce obesity. We took a novel approach to assess the evidence and to identify legal options for implementation by local government: conducting reviews of literature, media reports and case law. Our results provide a clear rational for regulatory intervention that encourages a real choice of behaviour. They highlight strategic legal areas for reduction of obesity through restriction of traffic and promotion of active travel, promotion of access to healthy food and construction of a sustainable and active environment. Importantly, we identify current legal mechanisms for adoption by UK local government including the use of planning, licensing and transport legislation to develop local obesity prevention policy.     

How compliant are dental practice Facebook pages with Australian health care advertising regulations? A Netnographic review

Background

The National Law that regulates the dental and other health care professions in Australia sets out regulations that dictate how dental practices are to advertise. This study examines the extent to which the profession complies with these regulations and the potential impact that advertising may have upon professionalism.

Methods

A Facebook search of 38 local government areas in Sydney, New South Wales, was carried out to identify dental practices that had pages on this social media site. A framework for assessment of compliance was developed using the regulatory guidelines and was used to conduct a netnographic review.

Results

Two hundred and sixty‐six practice pages were identified from across the 38 regions. Of these pages, 71.05% were in breach of the National Law in their use of testimonials, 5.26% displayed misleading or false information, 4.14% displayed offers that had no clear terms and conditions or had inexact pricing, 19.55% had pictures or text that was likely to create unrealistic expectations of treatment benefit and 16.92% encouraged the indiscriminate and unnecessary utilization of health services.

Conclusions

This study found that compliance with the National Law by the Facebook pages surveyed was poor.     

基于因子分析及二元Logistic回归分析探讨慢性咳嗽治法的用药规律

目的:探讨中医药治疗慢性咳嗽的用药规律.方法:选取2009年2月至2017年12月北京中医药大学东方医院呼吸热病科咳嗽专病门诊收治的慢性咳嗽患者641例作为研究对象,通过因子分析及二元Logistic回归总结常用药物组合与证型的关联性,从而获得慢性咳嗽的治法及用药规律.结果:慢性咳嗽治疗主以祛风宣肺为主,常用药物有炙麻...     

德与法的协同作用及其对医德建设的启示

道德与法的社会作用：（1）维护公正与正义；（2）维护社会秩序；（3）维护和保障人的自由；（4）提高效益。道德与法互相支持，互相融化。法对道德有确认、表达作用；强制维护与推行作用；教化、培育作用。道德对法有立法中的论证和认同作用；守法中的动力和信念作用；以法外的处置调节作用。理解法与道德的上述关系，对于我国的医德建设具有重要的启示。首先，应把医疗关系中的基本道德纳入法律的轨道，加强法律对道德的支持作用。其次，要加强对卫生立法和卫生政策的道德论证与评估。再次，要重视对各种医疗关系的法外的道德协调，以发挥二者的互补协同作用。