自控镇痛对剖宫产产妇泌乳和新生儿神经及适应能力的影响

目的 探讨剖宫产术后自控镇痛技术对产妇泌乳、新生儿神经和适应能力的影响.方法 选择68例剖宫产术后采取自控镇痛技术的产妇作为自控镇痛组,以60例术后未接受硬膜外自控镇痛的剖宫产产妇为对照组,观察两组术后的母乳喂养和新生儿神经和适应能力情况.结果 自控镇痛组产妇产后24 h内开始泌乳例数及母乳喂养次数明显多于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组新生儿神经和适应能力评分在各时点均大于35分,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 剖宫产术后自控镇痛明显提高母乳喂养的成功率,对新生儿精神、行为无明显不良影响,可安全应用于临床.     

七步理疗法在哺乳期乳腺炎治疗中的应用分析

目的探讨七步理疗法对哺乳期乳腺炎疼痛及泌乳量的影响。方法选取120例哺乳期乳腺炎患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组患者均接受常规治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上接受七步理疗法治疗。比较两组患者临床症状及体征、实验室指标、临床疗效、泌乳情况、并发症发生情况及视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分。结果治疗前,两组患者肿块大小分级情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组患者者肿块大小分级情况显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比、C反应蛋白水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比、C反应蛋白水平均低于治疗前,且观察组患者的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比、C反应蛋白水平均低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者的临床总有效率为95.00%,显著高于对照组的80.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的乳汁充足率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的乳汁充足率65.00%高于对照组的40.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的并发症发生率为1.67%,低于对照组的15.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的VAS评分(21.47±2.28)分,显著低于对照组的(36.58±2.14)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论七步理疗法治疗哺乳期乳腺炎能显著改善患者疼痛,增加泌乳量,减少炎症及并发症,提高临床疗效。     

母乳喂养指导路径对产妇泌乳时间、泌乳量及母乳喂养成功率的影响分析

目的：探讨母乳喂养指导路径对产妇泌乳时间、泌乳量及母乳喂养成功率的影响,为产妇提供更优质的护理服务。方法选取本院产科于2011年6月～2012年5月收治的144例初产妇,设为对照组,采取常规产科护理方法与措施;选取本院产科于2012年6月~2013年5月128例初产妇,设为研究组,在对照组基础上采用母乳喂养指导路径指导母乳喂养。观察并比较两组产妇的泌乳时间、泌乳量及母乳喂养成功率。结果观察组产妇的泌乳始动时间短于对照组（P＜0.05）,观察组的产后1周泌乳量明显多于对照组（P＜0.05）,观察组的产后6个月母乳喂养成功率明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论对产妇行母乳喂养指导路径的效果明显,可促进产妇早期泌乳,增加产后泌乳量,并帮助产妇树立母乳喂养的信心,提高产后6个月内的母乳喂养成功率,有利于保证产妇及婴儿的身心健康。     

Immunization with BLS-Stx2B chimera totally protects dams from early pregnancy loss induced by Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2) and confers anti-Stx2 immunity to the offspring

Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are bacterial pathogens involved in food-borne diseases. Shiga toxin (Stx) is the main virulence factor of STEC and is responsible for systemic complications including Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS). It has been previously demonstrated that Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2) induces pregnancy loss in rats in early stage of pregnancy. The main purpose of this study was to determine if an active immunization prevents Stx2 mediated pregnancy loss and confers passive protective immunity to the offspring. For that purpose Sprague Dawley female rats were immunized with the chimera based on the enzyme lumazine synthase from Brucella spp. (BLS) and the B subunit of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2B) named BLS-Stx2B. After immunization females were mated with males. At day 8 of gestation, dams were challenged intraperitoneally with a sublethal and abortifacient dose of Stx2. The immunization induced high anti-Stx2B-specific antibody titers in sera and most important, prevented pregnancy loss. Pups born and breastfeed by immunized dams had high anti-Stx2B-specific antibody titers in sera. Cross-fostering experiments indicated that passive protective immunity against Stx2 was transmitted through lactation. These results indicate that immunization of adult female rats with BLS-Stx2B prevents Stx2-induced pregnancy loss and confers anti Stx2 protective immunity to the offspring.     

饮食干预+强化健康教育对剖宫产后产妇泌乳及胃肠功能康复情况的影响评价

目的 探究饮食干预+强化健康教育对剖宫产后产妇泌乳及胃肠功能康复情况的影响.方法 100例剖宫产产妇,以动态随机化法分为实验组和对照组,每组50例.对照组采用常规护理,实验组采用饮食干预+健康教育.比较两组产妇泌乳情况(开始泌乳时间、泌乳充足时间)、胃肠功能情况(首次排气时间、首次排便时间、肠鸣音恢复时间)以及护理满意...     

产妇产后初次泌乳时间及相关因素调查

目的 调查产妇产后初次泌乳时间及相关因素,为产妇产后泌乳指导工作提供参考资料.方法 以2020年1-12月在重庆市大足区2家医院住院分娩的产妇为研究对象进行问卷调查,收集产妇基本情况及喂养相关因素,并对产妇初次泌乳时间进行随访跟踪调查.采用描述流行病学分析方法对产妇产后初次泌乳时间进行分析,并采用单、多因素方法分析产妇...     

复旦大学附属妇产科医院609份药品说明书中有关妊娠期及哺乳期妇女用药标注调查

目的：了解药品说明书中有关妊娠期及哺乳期妇女用药的标注情况,促进药品说明书规范化管理,为临床安全用药提供参考依据。方法：收集我院调剂药房药品说明书,对有关妊娠期及哺乳期妇女用药标注情况进行统计分析,按照不同分类方法进行比较。结果：所调查的药品说明书中,国产化学药及生物制品有关妊娠期及哺乳期妇女用药标注率分别为95.91％和80.56％,进口药为98.02％和87.13％,国产中成药为68.38％和6.84％。妊娠期及哺乳期妇女用药无明确指导意见的分别占26.11％和49.26％。“权衡利弊”“慎用”及“遵医嘱”等类似表述在用药指导建议中最为常见。结论：药品监管部门、生产企业和医疗卫生机构应重视目前部分药品说明书标注存在的问题,积极采取措施加以改进和完善。     

针刺少泽治疗产后乳汁分泌不足：多中心随机对照研究

目的:探讨少泽穴治疗乳汁分泌不足的作用。方法:采用多中心、随机、对照、单盲临床试验,将276例患者分为治疗组(138例)和对照组(138例)。治疗组采用电针少泽穴,对照组采用电针商阳穴,治疗2个疗程后,评价两组疗效及中医症候积分、乳房充盈程度、泌乳量、催乳素(PRL)的变化。结果:治疗组愈显率为97·8%,对照组为24·3%,两组相比,P<0·05;治疗组在改善患者症候积分、乳房充盈程度、提高泌乳量、升高产妇PRL水平等方面均优于对照组(P<0·01)。结论:针刺少泽穴治疗乳汁分泌不足疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

Ethanol exposure during late gestation and nursing in the rat: effects upon maternal care, ethanol metabolism and infantile milk intake

Ethanol experiences, during late gestation as well as during nursing, modify the behavioral dynamics of the dam/pup dyad, and leads to heightened ethanol intake in the offspring. This study focuses on: a) behavioral and metabolic changes in intoxicated dams with previous exposure to ethanol during pregnancy and b) infantile consumption of milk when the dam is either under the effects of ethanol or sober. Pregnant rats received water, 1.0 or 2.0 g/kg ethanol, and were administered with water or ethanol during the postpartum period. Intoxication during nursing disrupted the capability of the dam to retrieve the pups and to adopt a crouching posture. These disruptions were attenuated when dams had exposure to ethanol during pregnancy. Ethanol experiences during gestation did not affect pharmacokinetic processes during nursing, whereas progressive postpartum ethanol experience resulted in metabolic tolerance. Pups suckling from intoxicated dams, with previous ethanol experiences, ingested more milk than did infants suckling from ethanol-intoxicated dams without such experience. Ethanol gestational experience results in subsequent resistance to the drug's disruptions in maternal care. Consequently, better maternal care by an intoxicated dam with ethanol experience during gestation facilitates access of pups to milk which could be contaminated with ethanol.     

Progestogen-only contraceptive use among breastfeeding women: a systematic review

Background

The use of progestogen-only contraceptives by breastfeeding women raises theoretical concerns regarding possible adverse effects on breastfeeding success, and infant health or growth. This review was conducted to determine from the literature whether use of progestogen-only contraceptives by breastfeeding women leads to adverse effects on lactation, or infant growth or health when compared to nonuse.

Study Design

We searched the Medline, Popline, Cochrane and LILACS databases for all articles published from database inception through May 2009. Studies were included if they investigated the use of progestogen-only methods in breastfeeding women and reported on clinical outcomes in either women or their infants. Standard data abstraction templates were used to systematically assess and summarize. Summary odds ratios were not calculated, given the heterogeneity of interventions, results and non-quantifiable outcomes reported.

Results

We identified 43 articles for this review. Overall, five randomized trials and 38 observational studies demonstrated no adverse effects of various progestogen-only methods of contraception on multiple measures of breastfeeding performance through 12 months in women using these methods in the postpartum period. Many of these studies also demonstrated no adverse effects of progestogen-only methods on infant growth, health or development from 6 months to 6 years of age. Additional studies demonstrated no effects on infant immunoglobulins or sex hormones of exposed male infants. A single study of a desogestrel pill reported two cases of gynecomastia in exposed infants.

Conclusions

Evidence suggests that progestogen-only methods of contraception do not adversely affect breastfeeding performance when used during lactation. Evidence that progestogen-only contraception does not adversely affect infant growth, health, or development when used by breastfeeding women is consistent but methodologically limited.