HIV／AIDS实验室检测及其研究进展

获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）是由人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）引起的一种严重危胁人类健康的传染病。实验室检测是诊断HIV／AIDS的主要依据。HIV实验室检测一般包括病毒抗体和抗原检测、病毒核酸检测、免疫细胞检测及病毒耐药检测。20多年来，HIV的实验室诊断方法取得很大进展，特别是近年来免疫学方法和分子生物学方法的应用为临床诊治和流行病学调查提供了有力的帮助。对HIV的检测，灵敏度及特异度高的分析方法将有助于HIV的早期诊断、避免漏检，也有助于对抗艾滋病药物的疗效评价、预测和监测疾病进程，提高检测的灵敏性，缩短检测的窗口期，是HIV诊断方法和诊断试剂持续发展的主要方向。随着对HIV／AIDS研究的不断深入及分子生物学技术的飞速发展，各种检测HIV的新技术层出不穷，HIV的实验室检测正朝着简便、快速、敏感、准确及自动化方向发展．     

猪静脉空气栓塞模型的经食管超声心动图实验研究

目的观察空气栓子在猪右心腔内的超声声像图变化及猪静脉空气栓塞的致死量。方法经6头健康梅白猪的颈内静脉依次注入0.05~4ml/kg空气,经食管超声心动图连续观察猪右心腔内声像图变化,并记录静脉空气栓塞的致死量。结果随着注入的空气量增加,右心腔内游动的点状强回声逐渐增多,甚至充满整个心腔,然后逐渐分散消失,排空时间为15s~40min,其中1头实验猪发生反常栓塞。猪静脉空气栓塞的累积致死量为276~667ml。结论经食管超声心动图能敏感检测猪右心腔中空气栓子的超声表现,健康梅白猪静脉空气栓塞的平均累积致死量为(397±105)ml。     

原始自然杀伤细胞白血病一例及其实验室诊断

目的提高对原始自然杀伤（NK）细胞白血病实验室诊断的认识。方法报道1例原始NK细胞白血病,并就其实验室诊断进行讨论及文献复习。结果原始NK细胞白血病临床表现、形态学、免疫学表型有其特殊表现,实验室检查对其诊断具有重要意义。结论原始NK细胞白血病是一种临床少见血液系统肿瘤,其诊断需将临床表现与实验室检查结合起来。     

一起肠炎沙门菌食物中毒的实验室检测分析

目的 查明厦门市一起食物中毒的原因,为及时处置提供依据。方法 采集2份可疑食品样本（炸酱料包和剩余炸酱面）和3份肛拭子样本,按国家有关标准,进行副溶血性弧菌、致泻大肠埃希菌、志贺菌、沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌检测。结果 剩余炸酱面和2份肛拭子检出肠炎沙门菌,生物编码为0017610545527210,血清型为O9、Hg、Hm。结论 根据实验室检查结果,此次事件是一起因食用被沙门菌污染的食物（炸酱面）引起的食物中毒事件。建议各级卫生监督部门要加强监督检查力度,加大对群众特别是餐饮经营者的食物安全知识宣传,避免食源性疾病的发生。     

Outcome prediction for Bonebridge candidates based on audiological indication criteria

ObjectiveTo re-evaluate current indication criteria and to estimate the audiological outcomes of patients with Bonebridge bone conduction implants based on preoperative bone conduction thresholds.MethodsWe assessed the outcome of 28 subjects with either conductive or mixed hearing loss (CMHL) or single-sided deafness (SSD) who were undergoing a Bonebridge implantation. We used linear regression to evaluate the influence of preoperative bone conduction thresholds of the better/poorer ear, indication group, and language (German- and French-speaking patients) on aided sound field thresholds. In addition, aided word recognition scores at 65 dB sound pressure level were fit with a logistic model that included preoperative bone conduction thresholds of the better/poorer ear, indication group, and language as effects.ResultsWe found that both aided sound field thresholds and word recognition were correlated with the preoperative bone conduction thresholds of the better hearing ear. No correlation between audiological outcomes and the preoperative bone conduction thresholds of the poorer ear, language, or indication group was found.ConclusionBone conduction thresholds of the better hearing ear should be used to estimate the outcome of patients undergoing Bonebridge implantation. We suggest the indication criteria for Bonebridge candidates considering maximal bone conduction thresholds of the better ear at 38 dB HL to achieve an aided sound field threshold of at least 30 dB hearing level and an aided word recognition score of at least 75% for monosyllabic words.     

加强高校化学实验物品管理的探讨

化学实验物品数量众多,品种繁杂,主要包括材料、低值品和易耗品等三大类。作为高校物资管理人员应增强信息观念、市场观念,不断加强理论和实践的学习,全面提高自身素质,搞好物资管理工作。同时,高校物资管理部门应完善物资管理制度,加强科学管理,为教学、科研工作提供有力保障和优质服务,为高校的发展做出应有的贡献。     

Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage among febrile children at the time of PCV-10 immunization in pediatric emergencies at Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre in Marrakesh (Morocco)

ObjectivesIn Morocco, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV) was introduced in the childhood immunization program in October 2010 and changed to PCV-10 in July 2012. The purpose of this study was firstly to determine the prevalence of pneumococcus carriage in a population of febrile infants in Marrakesh and secondly, to investigate the risk factors for carriage and the distribution of circulating serotypes.Material and methodsThis prospective study was conducted from February to June 2017, in the pediatric emergency department of the Mother and Child Hospital of Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre (UHC) in Marrakesh. At total of 183 febrile infants, aged 2–18 months, were enrolled in this study and were swabbed for nasopharyngeal carriage. Pneumococci were cultured, identified, serotyped, and tested for penicillin susceptibility. Demographic data and risk factors for carriage were collected. The statistical analyses performed were the following: the analysis of the risk factors using logistic regression, the estimation of serotype diversity with the Simpson index, and the Chi² test to compare serotype distribution in the prevaccination (a cohort of 660 healthy children, less than 2 years old, in the Marrakesh region, in 2008–2009) and postvaccination periods.ResultsThe prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage was 68.3%. Of the 183 infants enrolled in this study, 111 had received at least one dose of PCV-10. Colonization by vaccine serotype among febrile children was related to incomplete vaccination status. In total, vaccine serotypes accounted for 6.4% (n = 8): 19F (n = 2), 1 (n = 2) and one strain for each of the following serotypes: 14, 23F, 6B, and 9 V. Non-vaccine and nontypeable strains presented 63.2% and 23.2%, respectively, with dominance of serotypes 6A (6.4%), 15A/15F (5.6%), 20, 22F/22A, 23B, and 11A/11D with a prevalence of 3.2%. The rate of pneumococcus strains with reduced susceptibility to penicillin was 33.6%, of which 90.2% were non-vaccine serotypes and nontypeable strains. Serotype diversity increased in the postvaccination period and the effectiveness of PCV-10 against vaccine serotypes was estimated at 89.6%.ConclusionAn important change in the distribution of vaccine and non-vaccine serotypes was observed after the introduction of the PCVs. In fact, the prevalence of vaccine serotypes decreased significantly while non-vaccine serotypes emerged. These results underscore the importance of maintaining close and prolonged surveillance of serotype distribution to monitor the dynamics of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage.     

内蒙古自治区二级以上医疗机构实验室开展结核病相关检测项目的调查分析

了解并评价内蒙古自治区二级以上医疗机构实验室结核病相关检测开展情况。     

Performance of Hearing Aids with an Induction Loop Amplification System: Laboratory Versus Classroom Setting

This study was designed to investigate the acoustic response of ten body-type hearing aids when used with an induction loop amplification (ILA) system in the laboratory and in the actual classroom setting. Undesirable frequency response characteristics were discovered in the classroom ILA system used in this study. These consist of a slightly poorer low-frequency response and a deep notch at about 2 500 Hz. Had the frequency response of the classroom ILA system been flat, differences between laboratory and classroom measures would have been minimized. Findings of this study support the practicality of measurement in the classroom of the operating characteristics of ILA systems     

Genotoxicity studies of glycidol fatty acid ester (glycidol linoleate) and glycidol

Glycidol fatty acid esters (GEs) are found in refined edible oils. Safety concerns have been alleged due to the possible release of glycidol (G), an animal carcinogen.