Ecotropic and dualtropic mink cell focus-inducing murine leukemia viruses can induce a wide spectrum of H-2 controlled lymphoma types

Neonatal infection of C57BL and BALB/c mice by cloned ecotropic and dualtropic mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) induces a wide spectrum of different lymphomas of T, B, and non-T/non-B cell types. Oncogenic dualtropic MCF viruses and poorly oncogenic ecotropic MuLV act synergistically in lymphomagenesis. Within one mouse strain virus-induced T-cell lymphomas arise earlier than B-cell lymphomas after neonatal inoculation of a single-cloned MuLV. The host genetic constitution, notably the H-2 complex has a marked influence on lymphoma type. This H-2 influence can be explained by an H-2-linked difference in penetration of the thymus early in life by oncogenic thymotropic MuLV, which in turn is correlated with, but not necessarily due to the magnitude of the anti-MuLV antibody response.     

Time of day influences food acceptability

To determine whether a food's acceptability changes with time of day and degree to which a food is appropriate for a given mealtime, preferences were obtained both in the morning and the afternoon for a set of foods which included items appropriate "for breakfast", "for dinner", or for either mealtime. A second purpose of the study was to determine whether such cultural rules regarding food appropriateness had been acquired by preschool children and whether the pattern of shifting acceptability with time of day predicted for adult subjects would also appear in the preference data of the children. Participants included 25 adults and 30 three- and four-year-old children. All subjects were seen twice, once in the morning and once in the late afternoon for two identical sessions. Half of the subjects in each age group were seen first in the morning, half were seen first in the afternoon. In these sessions food preferences for the set of foods varying in mealtime appropriateness were assessed and the foods were categorized as "for breakfast" of "for dinner". The preference data of both the adults and the children showed significant preference shifts with time of day, with breakfast items more preferred in the morning than the afternoon and dinner items more preferred in the morning than the afternoon. These shifts were larger for adults than for children but not significantly so.     

内外科输血前四项检查结果的调查分析

为了了解内外科输血前四项检查结果的情况,笔者总结了从2000年11月～2001年5月的外科420人和内科69人因各种疾患需要输血的住院患者检查结果外科、内科乙肝六项检查含HBsAg阳性各为27例、8例,阳性率分别为6.4%(27/420)、11.6%(8/69);抗HCVIgG阳性各为12例、6例,阳性率分别为2.9%(12/420)、8.7%(6/69);梅毒抗体阳性分别为3例、2例;外科HIV抗体全阴性,内科阳性2例.提示输血前四项检查很有必要,以减少不必要的由输血引起的医疗纠纷.     

附红细胞体病

附红细胞体病是由附红细胞体感染机体而引起的人畜共患传染病。按其主要特征应属于血液病。附红细胞体是寄生于红细胞表面、血浆及骨髓中的一群微生物,目前国家上广泛采用１９８４年版《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》进行分类,将队红体旬为立克次体目、无形体科、血虫体属也称附红细胞体属。在不同动物中寄生的附红体各有其名,实际上是种名,如锦羊附红体、温氏血虫体、猪附红体、牛附红体、人附红体等。迄今已发现和命名的附红体有１４种,     

计算机断层显像技术在动物实验研究中的应用

核医学已发展成为现代技术的一项重要内容,它在动物实验中的应用得以支持。单光子发射型计算机断层显像仪(SPECT)在动物实验方面能提供定量精确的显像技术。本文目的在于对医学领域中包括肿瘤、心血管疾病、脑和神经功能、急性肾衰竭、类风湿关节炎及肝和脾功能等的SPECT显像效果进行概述。     

How to improve histopathological results in the biopsy diagnosis of gut dysganglionosis

In a methodological survey, the technical prerequisites for optimal histopathological diagnosis of gut dysganglionosis are presented. To make a proper diagnosis, the pediatric surgeon or gastroenterologist and the pathologist must consider certain preconditions. The most important steps for the optimal biopsy diagnosis of an aganglionosis, an ultrashort Hirschsprung segment, a intestinal neuronal dysganglionosis (IND), a ganglioneuromatosis, a hypogenesis, or immaturity of the vegetative gut innervation are: (1) taking 3–4 biopsies the size of a peppercorn (3–5 mm³) with submucosa; (2) the best instruments for taking rectal mucosal biopsies are forceps and scissors or a conventional large biopsy forceps; and (3) biopsies may be taken 1 cm, 3–4 cm, 6–9 cm, and 9–12 cm (or from a preternatural anus) above the pectinate line. A biopsy containing mucosa, muscularis mucosae, and submucosa guarantees a satisfying histopathological diagnosis. The native biopsies can be transported on water-ice if the distance to the pathologist takes no longer than 4–6 h. For long distances, biopsies have to be frozen on dry ice (CO₂ –80 °C) and transported in a sufficient amount of dry ice (adapted to the time of transportation). For biopsy processing, the following points are important: a total of 122 to 160 15-m-thick native cryostat serial sections have to be cut per biopsy and distributed on four microscope slides. Forty sections are used for lactic dehydrogenase reactions, 32 for succinic dehydrogenase reactions, and the rest for an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reaction. An AChE reaction alone is sufficient for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease (HD), but never for IND or other developmental malformations of the submucous and myenteric plexuses. Enzymehistotopochemical reactions allow the assessment of functional parameters. These reactions, in contrast to immunohistochemical staining, offer information about the functional activity of special gut structures, e. g., increased AChE activity in nerve fibers of the rectal wall in HD or a lack of dehydrogenase activity in immature ganglia.     

我国实验动物饲料营养状况的研究--一般营养成分

本研究是针对我国目前实验动物饲料生产的现状进行了一次调查分析,并对其营养状况进行了评估：根据在全国范围内采集大小鼠饲料样品24个、家兔饲料样品9个、犬饲料样品、猕猴饲料样品各2个,对其进行水分、灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维的分析。其结果表明：五项指标均达到国家标准的大小鼠饲料为20.8％,其中北京为25％(1／4),东北地区为0(0／1)、华北地区为0(0,3)、华中地区为0(0／2)、华东地区为33．3％(2／6)、华南地区为20％(1/5)、西南地区为33.3％(1/3);五项指标均达到国家标准的家兔饲料为22．2％、犬和猕猴懦料均未达标。     

早期梅毒51例临床与实验分析

目的：分析早期梅毒的临床特点,评价梅毒实验室诊断技术。方法：总结５１例早期梅毒的临床表现,对ＲＰＲ、ＦＴＡ－ＡＢＳ、蛋白印迹法以及ＰＣＲ等多种诊断方法进行评价。结果：一期梅毒较少,多表现为不典型下疳,女性患者易于漏诊;二期梅毒较多,临床表现多我样但皮疹常以阴剖为主,掌跖暗红色斑疹、肛周扁平湿疣较为常见。在实验诊断方面,ＲＰＲ对本组病例的敏感性为７３．２％,ＦＴＡ－ＡＢＳ为９４．１％,蛋白印迹法为１     

The use of the iSTAT portable analyzer in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass

Objective. To evaluate the utility of the iSTAT blood analyzer, a bedside device for hematocrit, sodium, potassium, and glucose measurement during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods. Forty patients scheduled for elective CPB were evaluated prospectively. In addition to using the iSTAT analyzer, blood samples were analyzed at four time points: following induction of anesthetic, 10 min. after initiation of CPB, 60 min. after initiation of CPB, and following heparin neutralization by protamine. Blood glucose concentration was measured by the hospital laboratory using a Kodak Analyzer and by a glucose meter, electrolytes were evaluated by the Kodak Analyzer and BGE (a device which is commonly used for satellite laboratory determinations of electrolyte and blood gas results), and hematocrit samples were measured by the hospital laboratory using an NE 8,000 and a centrifuge. The means and standard deviations of the differences between the methods were calculated.Results. The hematocrit values determined by the iSTAT machine, when adjusted for the level of total protein (according to manufacturer's directions), differed from the laboratory values by 0.53 = 1.46 percentage points. An alternative to measuring total protein and making the adjustment is simply adding 1 % to the hematocrit in the pre-CPB period and 3% on-CPB or post-CPB, which we found to yield values that differed from the laboratory by 0.52 ± 1.42 percentage points. For all four tests (hematocrit, sodium, potassium, and glucose) the iSTAT had a similar relationship to the laboratory values as did the other commonly used means (centrifuge, BGE, and glucose meter) of clinical evaluation.Conclusion. In summary, we found that in patients undergoing CPB, the iSTAT values agreed sufficiently well with standard laboratory values and that the iSTAT instrument can be relied upon for bedside measurements.Presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Philadelphia, PA, May 1995, and at the 70th meeting of the IARS, Washington DC, March 1996. Supported in part by a grant by iSTAT Corporation.