试论新世纪初期医院综合院力评价

作者阐述了医院综合院力的内涵与提出背景，提出了新世纪初期综合院力的评价内容体系，即一级评价内容7项，二级评价内容39项，三级评价内容15l项，并就各指标评价内容进行了讨论分析。     

Using educational interventions to improve the handwashing habits of preschool children

The effectiveness of educational activities on changing the handwashing habits of preschool children was evaluated using parental surveys and direct observations. Baseline handwashing behaviors were observed and recorded, and parents completed a pre-intervention survey. After interventions were administered, post-intervention data was collected on preschoolers' handwashing habits. Children participated in one, three or five handwashing intervention activities. Results of this study indicate that the educational activities implemented resulted in increased knowledge of the importance of proper handwashing and in positive changes in the children's handwashing habits, particularly for the children who participated in all five interventions.     

提高《物理诊断学》教学质量的探索与实践

总结了物理诊断学的基本特点和教授本课程时需把握好的几个环节 ,就提高物理诊断学教学质量进行了一些思考 ,并结合我院经验提出了物理诊断学教学改革的创新思路     

脊髓前动脉损伤致脊髓缺血性损伤模型的MRI评价

目的：研究经脊髓前动脉损伤，致脊髓缺血性损伤模型的高场强MRI信号表现特征。方法：选用12只家犬经颈前手术入路，切断脊髓前动脉，经高场强MRI扫描，对照病理分析脊髓前动脉损伤后脊髓的MRI信号变化特征。结果：脊髓前动脉损伤后脊髓MRI表现出异常T2WI高信号，且出现在脊髓前动脉损伤节段的前2／3，多表现为一例受累及或偏向一例。结论：MRI能确定脊髓缺血性损伤的部位及信号特征。     

N—酰化壳聚糖膜性能的研究

讨论了一系列N-酰化壳聚糖膜的抗张强度、透水性、VB_(12)的透过性、透氧性以及血液相容性。N-已酰化壳聚糖膜具有良好的血液相容性。在制膜过程中,加入分子量为1500的聚乙二醇为致孔剂,则可使N-己酰化壳聚糖膜的渗透性有较大提高。同时保持较好的血液相容性和强度。     

浅议病理生理学教学改革

本文从病理生理学理论和实验教学两个方面论述了病理生理学方法的改革与实践。教学模式变学生被动为自主学习，在传授知识同时注重培养学生自学创新能力。     

旋转强恒磁场对SD大鼠骨骼生长发育及相关激素的影响

目的探讨旋转强恒磁场（RCSMF）对SD大鼠的骨骼生长发育及相关激素的影响，为RCSMF促进人体增高的临床应用奠定基础。方法取25日龄的SD大鼠置RCSMF下，1．5h／d。每5天取血检测大鼠生长激素（GH）、类胰岛素生长因子（IGF-Ⅰ）、雌激素（E2）等与骨骼发育相关的激素，同时测量每组大鼠的身长、体重和尾长，并用骨形态计量学方法研究RCSMF对大鼠骨组织形态学和动态学参数的影响。结果RCSMF处理后大鼠的身长[实验组（25．28±0．41）cm。对照组（24．05±0．35）cm；P〈0．01]、体重[实验组（445．90±16．88）g，对照组（382．22±12．78）g；P〈0．01]、胫骨长[实验组（3．89±0．13）cm，对照组（3．66±0．10）cm；P〈0．01]和股骨长[实验组（3．65±0．08）cm，对照组（3．51±0．06）cm；P〈0．01]，上述多项参数以及骨骺板等相关形态计量学数据实验组明显高于对照组。回归分析身长与相关激素的关系显示：大鼠身长与GH、IGF—I和E2有显著相关性。结论RCSMF有促进骨骼生长发育的作用，其作用机理是通过刺激与骨骼生长发育相关激素的生成、释放，并影响软骨细胞的增殖功能来完成的。     

Effects of Clodronate on Cortical and Trabecular Bone in Ovariectomized Rats on a Low Calcium Diet

The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of a low calcium diet to the cortical and trabecular osteoporosis seen in ovariectomized rats after 7 weeks on a low calcium diet and to investigate the effects of the bisphosphonate clodronate on this development of osteoporosis. Thirty-six mature, female Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: Ovx−B (bisphosphonate) and Ovx−C (control) were ovariectomized, and Sham−Ca (low calcium) and Sham+Ca (normal calcium) were sham operated. The first three groups were fed a low calcium diet (0.01%) and Sham+Ca normal rat chow (Ca 1.1%). The Ovx−B received 10 mg/kg s.c. clodronate daily for nine weeks, and Ovx−C, Sham−Ca, and Sham+Ca received the same volumes of saline. Bone mineral turnover measured as ⁸⁵Sr-uptake was increased in all low calcium groups compared to Sham+Ca. The Sham+Ca femora had higher dry weight and ash weight than the other groups, and Ovx−C had higher dry weight compared with Ovx−B and Sham−Ca. Calcium content was lower in both Ovx groups compared to both Sham groups. Magnesium was lower in all groups compared to Sham+Ca and higher in Ovx−B compared with Ovx−C. In the femoral shaft, Sham+Ca had significantly higher ultimate bending moment, energy absorption, and deflection compared to the other three groups. Ultimate bending moment was higher in Sham−Ca than in Ovx−C. Stiffness was increased in both Sham+Ca and Ovx−B compared to Ovx−C. The maximum stress in the femoral midshaft was higher in Sham+Ca than in the other groups, and higher in Ovx−B than in Ovx−C. Histomorphometry showed increased medullary area in all low calcium groups compared to Sham+Ca and larger cortical area in Sham+Ca and Ovx−B compared to Ovx−C. Compared to Sham+Ca the trabecular bone volume was decreased to 30% in Sham−Ca and to 9% in Ovx−C, but was unchanged in Ovx−B. The low calcium diet generally increased bone mineral turnover and reduced the tibial bone volume. Femoral changes led to a reduction of cortical fracture strength and maximal stress. Ovariectomy in addition to a low calcium diet reduced femoral strength even more. Daily injections of clodronate to ovariectomized rats on a low calcium diet increased femoral shaft stiffness and maximum stress, and clodronate preserved both trabecular and cortical tibial bone volume completely. Received: 11 June 1996 / Accepted: 5 March 1997     

Bone Mass in Female Volleyball Players: A Comparison of Total and Regional Bone Mass in Female Volleyball Players and Nonactive Females

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate bone mass in female athletes participating in an impact loading sport (volleyball), and especially to investigate whether any changes in bone mass might be related to the type and magnitude of weightbearing loading and muscle strength. The volleyball group consisted of 13 first division players (age 20.9 ± 3.7 years) training for about 8 hours/week, and the reference group consisted of 13 nonactive females (age 25.0 ± 2.4 years) not participating in any kind of regular or organized sport activity. The groups were matched according to weight and height. Areal bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in total body, head, lumbar spine, femoral neck, Ward's triangle, trochanter, the whole femur, and humerus using dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry. Isokinetic concentric peak torque of the quadricep and hamstring muscles was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Compared with the controls, the volleyball players had a significantly (P < 0.05–0.01) higher BMD of the total body (6.1%), lumbar spine (13.2%), femoral neck (15.8%), Ward's triangle (17.9%), trochanter (18.8%), nondominant femur (8.2%), and humerus (dominant 9.5%, nondominant 10.0%), but not of the head and the dominant whole femur. The dominant humerus showed significantly higher BMD than the nondominant humerus in both the volleyball and nonactive group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in muscle strength of the thigh between the two groups. In the nonactive group, muscle strength in the quadriceps, and especially hamstrings, was correlated to BMD of the adjacent bones (whole femur, hip sites) and also to distant sites (humerus). However, in the volleyball group there were no correlations between muscle strength and BMD of the adjacent bones, but quadricep strength correlated to BMD of the humerus. These results clearly show that young female volleyball players have a high bone mass. The demonstrated high bone mass seems to be related to the type of loading subjected to each BMD site. Muscle strength of the thigh seems to have little impact on BMD in female volleyball players. Received: 18 June 1996 / Accepted: 31 October 1996     

师范大学学生艾滋病知识现况调查及健康教育近期效果评价

目的 了解师范大学学生艾滋病相关知识及行为现状，为高校制定艾滋病健康教育规划提供参考。方法 抽取天津师范大学2000年入学新生，通过集体讲座，使用统一的调查问卷在教育前后分别调查学生艾滋病相关知识及态度，并利用EPIinf0软件进行分析。结果 天津师范大学一年级学生健康教育后对艾滋病性质、主要传播途径等的正确回答率都有所提高，能够正确对待艾滋病病毒感染者，教育前后学生对性行为的态度无明显改变。学生希望获得艾滋病知识的前4位方式均为电视、报刊书籍、卫生课和医生。结论 从国情和现实需要出发，在大学生中开展适时、适度、适量的性健康教育和健康行为教育，对预防性病艾滋病有着积极的意义。