静脉药物调配中心工作人员工作满意度现状及影响因素分析

目的调查静脉药物调配中心(PIVAS)工作人员工作满意度情况,分析其工作满意度现状及影响因素。方法2018年3—5月采用随机抽样的方法在哈尔滨市4所三甲教学医院选取105名PIVAS工作人员为调查对象,采用明尼苏达工作满意度短式量表(MSQ)评价工作满意度,通过问卷调查的方法收集数据,并分析其工作满意度的影响因素。本次调查共发放105份问卷,回收有效问卷98份,有效回收率为93.33%。结果98名PIVAS工作人员的MSQ总体满意度标准化得分为(4.09±0.57)分;其中内部满意度维度为(4.13±0.59)分,外部满意度维度(4.03±0.65)分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.217,P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示,婚姻状况、工作年限是PIVAS工作人员工作满意度的影响因素。结论PIVAS工作人员外部满意度低于内部满意度,已婚和工作年限长的工作人员的满意度相对较低,建议PIVAS管理者要积极处理好工作人员之间的关系,重点关注已婚和工作年限长的工作人员的工作满意度。     

医师工作倦怠与职业紧张和应对资源的关系评价

目的探讨医师工作倦怠与状及职业紧张、应对资源对医师工作倦怠的影响。方法从3所省市级医院随机抽取561名各科临床医师,采用MBI—GS和OSI—R对其工作倦怠、职业紧张和应对资源进行测量．结果外科、内科医师的工作倦怠高于其他临床科室（P〈0．05）;0-40岁的医师衰竭得分最高（P〈005）;业低效能感随年龄的增高而下降、随学历的增高而增高僻〈0．05）;职业紧张和应对资源的性质不同对医师工作倦怠的影响也不同,衰竭的主要预测变量有任务过重、责任感、工作环境、娱乐休闲和自我保健等（P〈0．05）,消极怠慢的主要预测变量有任务不适、任务过重和责任感等（P〈0．05）,专业低效能感的主要预测变量为任务不适、社会支持和理性处事等（P〈0．05）．结论降低或保持适度的职业任务量、职业责任感,明确职工工作要求和工作中的角色与职责,丰富其业余生活、提高其自我保健能力与理性处事能力是预防医师工作倦怠的重要措施．     

健脾益肺膏方治疗小儿反复呼吸道感染肺脾两虚、卫表不固证的临床疗效分析

目的观察健脾益肺膏方治疗小儿反复呼吸道感染(RRTI)肺脾两虚、卫表不固证的临床疗效,探析其运用于小儿RRTI预后的可行性。方法将84例RRTI肺脾两虚、卫表不固证患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组42例。治疗组患儿给予健脾益肺膏方口服治疗,对照组给予脾氨肽口服冻干粉口服治疗,疗程为3个月。观察2组患儿治疗前后血中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM水平的变化情况,并评价2组的临床疗效及安全性。结果(1)治疗3个月后,治疗组总有效率为95.24%(40/42),对照组为76.19%(32/42);治疗组疗效明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)治疗后,2组患儿的血中IgG、IgA和IgM水平均较治疗前明显提高(P<0.05),且治疗组对患儿血中IgG、IgA和IgM水平的作用均明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)治疗组的不良反应发生率为2.38%(1/42),对照组为7.14%(3/42),组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论健脾益肺膏方治疗小儿RRTI肺脾两虚、卫表不固证疗效确切,可有效改善患儿临床症状,提高患儿免疫功能,且具有较高的安全性,可用于小儿RRTI的临床预后治疗。     

护士延时下班对日周性疲劳及满意度影响的研究

目的探讨临床护士不同程度的延时下班对日周性疲劳及工作满意度的影响,为科学合理配置人力提供依据。方法通过整群抽样,调查了浙江省杭州市3所三等甲级医院479名临床护士的延时下班程度、日周性作业疲劳程度、护士工作满意度。结果工作前,各组疲劳度与工作满意度差异均无意义(P>0.05);一个工作日结束时,两两比较得出:按时下班组(编号1组)与延时下班<1 h组(编号2组),疲劳度与工作满意度差异均无意义(P>0.05);延时下班1~2 h组(编号3组)与第1、2组比较,疲劳度与工作满意度差异均有显著性意义(P<0.01);延时下班>2 h组(编号4组)与第1、2组比较,疲劳度与工作满意度差异均有显著性意义(P<0.01),与第3组比较,疲劳度与工作满意度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论延时下班不足1 h,对护士日周性疲劳度与工作满意度影响不明显;延时下班1 h以上,则显著影响日周性疲劳度与工作满意度。     

企业员工人格态度对工作满意度的影响

目的调查国有企业员工的工作满意度情况,探讨人格态度因素对工作满意度的影响。方法采用马基雅维里主义量表、竞争态度量表、心理控制源量表以及明尼苏达工作满意度短式量表,对国有企业员工进行调查。结果1过度竞争者的工作满意度低,良性竞争者工作满意度高;2内控倾向较强,对工作的满意感高,外控倾向较强,对工作的满意感低;3马基雅维里主义量表得分高者,工作满意度低。结论人格态度因素对企业员工的工作满意度有不同程度的影响和预测作用。     

Need for recovery after work predicts sickness absence: a 2-year prospective cohort study in truck drivers

BACKGROUND: Incomplete recovery from work-related fatigue after work (i.e., sustained activation) is assumed to mediate the relation between the exposure to stressful working conditions and the development of health problems. The need for recovery after work scale reflects the extent to which workers have difficulties to recover adequately from work-related fatigue after a working day. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to establish if need for recovery after work in truck drivers (1). predicts future sickness absence (>14 working days) and (2). mediates the prospective relation between stressful working conditions (low control, high job demands) and sickness absence. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires, providing information about need for recovery after work, sickness absence, job control, and job demands (psychological, physical, and supervisor job demands), were sent to a random sample of 2000 drivers in 1998. Of the 1123 responders, 820 returned a completed questionnaire 2 years later (response 72%). This study was restricted to the 526 participants who still worked at follow-up as a truck driver at the same company. RESULTS: High baseline need for recovery after work was associated with an increased risk for subsequent sickness absence (odds ratio [OR] 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-4.24) after adjustment for age, previous sickness absence, marital status, educational level, and company size. Additional adjustment for baseline stressful working conditions led to a marginally reduction of the excess risk for sickness absence. CONCLUSIONS: High need for recovery after work increases the risk of subsequent sickness absence that is not explained by relevant (non-) work-related factors. However, the results did not testify that need for recovery after work mediates between the exposure to stressful working conditions, and the subsequent occurrence of sickness absence. Practically, the results indicate that monitoring recovery complaints in truck drivers may assist practitioners to take efficient preventive measures at the appropriate time.     

Work and family characteristics as socioeconomic determinants in long sickness absence: the Japanese civil servants study

Long sickness absence is more common among low socioeconomic status (SES) groups than high SES groups. This study aimed to evaluate whether work and family characteristics contribute to SES and sex differences in long sickness absence (7 days or more). The participants were 3080 civil servants working for a local Japanese government. In both sexes, low-grade employees were likely to take long sickness absence, with a statistically significant association for men (age-adjusted OR of lowest-grade employees for long sickness absence: 2.30 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.32–4.02)). After adjusting for all variables, SES differences in long sickness absence in men decreased to OR 1.98 (CI 1.10–3.55) but remained significant; in men, being without a spouse was significantly associated with long sickness absence. Employees working long hours had lower OR for long sickness absence after adjusting for all variables in both sexes. Conversely, poor sleep quality and longstanding illness significantly increased OR for long sickness absence. In conclusion, SES differences in sickness absence were explained partly by work and family characteristics, longstanding illness, and poor sleep quality; however, other factors that were not evaluated in this study may also be associated with SES differences.     

‘I know how stressful it is to lack water!’ Exploring the lived experiences of household water insecurity among pregnant and postpartum women in western Kenya

There is rapidly evolving literature on water insecurity in the general adult population, but the role of water insecurity during the vulnerable periods of pregnancy and postpartum, or in the context of HIV, has been largely overlooked. Therefore, we conducted an exploratory study, using Go Along interviews, photo-elicitation interviews, and pile sorts with 40 pregnant and postpartum Kenyan women living in an area of high HIV prevalence. We sought to (1) describe their lived experiences of water acquisition, prioritisation, and use and (2) explore the consequences of water insecurity. The results suggest that water insecurity is particularly acute in this period, and impacts women in far-reaching and unexpected ways. We propose a broader conceptualisation of water insecurity to include consideration of the consequences of water insecurity for maternal and infant psychosocial and physical health, nutrition, and economic well-being.     

Poor Nutritional Status among Low-Income Older Adults: Examining the Interconnection between Self-Care Capacity,Food Insecurity,and Depression

BackgroundUnderstanding of the mechanisms of how food insecurity and poor physical and mental health status are interrelated with nutritional status among older adults is needed due to their unique health and social needs.ObjectiveTo examine the complex relationships between self-care capacity, depressive symptoms, food insecurity, and nutritional status among low-income older adults.DesignThe cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2017 to May 2017.Participants/settingA total of 372 low-income older adults, 60 years of age and older, living in the state of Alabama participated.Main outcome measuresParticipants completed a validated survey measuring food insecurity (six-item US Food Security Survey Module), self-care capacity (Self-Care Capacity Scale), depressive symptoms (10-item Geriatric Depression Scale), and nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form).Statistical analyses performedGeneralized structural equation modeling was used to include the simultaneous equations and multiple mediators in one model. The Akaike Information Criterion, Bayesian Information Criterion, and likelihood ratio tests were conducted to compare the fit of competing model specifications.ResultsLower self-care capacity was associated with greater food insecurity (beta [b]=.11, odds ratio [OR]=1.11, P=0.03) and higher depressive symptoms (b=.08, P=0.005). Poorer self-care capacity and higher depressive symptoms were associated with poorer nutritional status (b=.24, OR=1.27, P<0.001; b=.13, OR=1.43, P=0.001, respectively). Higher food insecurity was associated with increased depressive symptoms (b=.40, P<0.001). Self-care capacity was associated with nutritional status directly and indirectly through depressive symptoms (b=.04, P=0.048). Although food insecurity was not significantly associated with nutritional status, a significant indirect association between food insecurity and nutritional status through depressive symptoms was observed (b=.02, P=0.04).ConclusionsStudy results indicate functionally impaired low-income older adults encounter greater food insecurity. Inability to afford food combined with limited ability to take care of oneself contributes to an increased self-report of depressive symptoms, resulting in less favorable nutritional status.