针刺治疗中风后假性球麻痹吞咽困难35例

目的　观察针刺中风后假性球麻痹吞咽困难的临床疗效。方法　采用随机对照观察 ,设针刺治疗组和药物对照组各35例 ,针刺治疗组主穴取廉泉、天突、风府、天柱、扶突 ,结合辨证配穴。对照组采用中风病药物常规治疗。结果　治疗组治愈 14例 (40 % ) ,有效 17例 (48.5 7% ) ,总有效率 88.5 7% ;对照组治疗 2例 (5 .71% ) ,有效 6例 (17.4 % ) ,总有效率 2 2 .85 % ,治疗组明显优于对照组 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　针刺治疗中风后假性球麻痹吞咽困难有显著疗效     

化痰通络汤治疗缺血性中风恢复期风痰瘀阻证29例的临床观察

目的 观察化痰通络汤对缺血性中风恢复期风痰瘀阻证的临床疗效.方法 将57例缺血性中风恢复期风痰瘀阻证患者随机分为两组,治疗组29例采用化痰通络汤治疗,对照组28例采用消栓通络胶囊治疗,治疗8周后评价临床疗效.结果 两组患者治疗后神经功能缺损评分均得到明显改善(P<0.01),且治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05):治疗组的临床疗效及显效率优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 化痰通络汤治疗缺血性中风恢复期风痰瘀阻证有效.     

A rating system for prompt clinical diagnosis of ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND: When a CT scan is not available, an early accurate clinical diagnosis of ischemic stroke is essential to initiate prompt therapy. Our objective was to construct a clinical index that is easy to use when stroke patients are first evaluated at the hospital, to identify those who probably are experiencing an acute ischemic episode. The study was conducted at a university-affiliated medical referral center and two community general hospitals in Mexico. METHODS: Clinical records were reviewed for 801 patients with sudden onset of a focal or global neurologic dysfunction, presumably of vascular origin lasting more than 24 h. Eligibility criteria for this study were admission to the hospital within the first 24 h after symptomatic onset, CT scan diagnosis between 24 and 72 h, and age >45 years. Ischemic stroke included cases of arterial brain infarction, while nonischemic stroke included subarachnoid or intraparenchymatous hemorrhage, mass lesion, venous infarction, and in cases without a CT scan evidence that could explain the clinical manifestations. Data excerpted for analysis were age, sex, history of diabetes mellitus or previous stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), time of onset of symptoms, presence of headache, vomiting, neck stiffness, hemiplegia, leukocytosis or atrial fibrillation, diastolic blood pressure, and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) rating. Two multivariable analyses were used: 1) step-wise multiple logistic regression (SMLR), and 2) conjunctive consolidation (CC). RESULTS: After appropriate exclusions, the study proceeded with 83 ischemic and 42 nonischemic stroke patients. With SMLR, six variables were selected as predictive for ischemic stroke, including neck stiffness, diastolic blood pressure, previous history of stroke/TIA, hemiplegia, GCS, and atrial fibrillation. An appropriate sum of weighted ratings had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% for ischemic stroke. With consolidated categories, the PPV was 97% when patients had the following: no neck stiffness; no atrial fibrillation but history of stroke/TIA and GCS > or =12, or no neck stiffness but atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with acute stroke, clinical data can be used to identify a group with a high probability of ischemic stroke. There are slightly different results between both methods; while SMLR includes the four variables selected by CC, the latter included neither diastolic blood pressure nor hemiplegia/hemiparesia. However, CC results seem easier to understand and interpret than with SMLR.     

丹参注射液加强缺血预处理对大鼠心肌的保护作用

以整体麻醉SD大鼠心脏冠状动脉左前降支结扎／松开作为缺血／再灌注动物模型，研究丹参注射液（SM）在加强缺血须处理（IP）的心肌保护中的作用。结果显示，IP能减轻复灌性心律失常的严重程度，缩小心肌梗死范围；SM能缩小心肌梗死范围；SM联合IP与单纯IP比较，心肌梗死范围进一步缩小；SM联合IP与单纯SM比较，心律失常严重程度减弱且心肌梗死面积进一步减小。结果表明，SM能加强IP的心肌保护作用，特别是加强IP的抗心肌梗死作用。     

健脾化痰法在针刺治疗中风(风痰阻络型)中的作用及其机理研究

目的:观察健脾化痰法在针刺治疗中风风痰阻络型中的作用,并初步探讨其机理。方法:将中风风痰阻络型患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,观察组以健脾化痰合祛风通络法、对照组仅以祛风通络法针刺治疗,各30次后观察疗效及检测血脂情况。结果:治疗后观察组总有效率为86.67%,对照组为73.33%;痰证辨证积分观察组比对照组显著减低;血脂分析,观察组总胆固醇、载脂蛋白B水平比对照组显著减低,高密度脂蛋白比对照组显著升高。结论:健脾化痰法能有效提高针刺治疗中风风痰阻络型的临床疗效,其机理可能与调节脂代谢有关。     

心脏和肾脏短暂缺血对心肌梗死后心律失常的影响

目的　研究心脏和肾脏短暂缺血预处理对急性心肌梗死(AMI)后心律失常的影响。方法　观察AMI组(A组)、心脏缺血预处理(MIP)组(B组)和肾脏缺血预处理(RIP)组(C组)新西兰兔在AMI前后的心律失常情况及QT间期离散度(QTd) ,并行心内电生理诱发室性心动过速(VT) ,对三组的指标进行比较,同时设置假手术组(D组)作对照。结果　四组在手术前心律失常及QTd差异无显著意义(P >0 . 0 5 ) ;D组手术前后心律失常及QTd比较差异无显著意义(P >0 . 0 5 ) ;在AMI后,B、C两组室性心律失常及QTd明显小于A组(P <0 . 0 5 ) ,而B、C两组室性心律失常及QTd比较差异无显著意义(P >0 .0 5 )。结论　MIP和RIP均可减少AMI后室性心律失常的发生,而且两者的作用没有明显差异。     

三七总苷治疗进展性脑梗死的疗效和安全性

目的:观察三七总苷对进展性脑梗死的疗效及安全性.方法:640例起病24h内的急性脑梗死患者随机分为两组.对照组320例采用常规治疗,根据病情应用20%甘露醇、706代血浆、舒血宁、川芎嗪、维脑路通、胞磷胆碱、尼莫地平、阿司匹林等,试验组320例在常规治疗基础上给以三七总苷0.4～0.8 g加入氯化钠注射液500 mL,静滴,qd,14 d为1个疗程.观察两组治疗后进展性脑梗死的发病率,检测治疗前后进展性脑梗死全血高切还原黏度、全血低切还原黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞压积、红细胞变形指数、纤维蛋白原及神经功能缺损评分.结果:试验组进展性脑梗死发生率为10.63%(34/320),对照组进展性脑梗死发生率为28.75%(92/300)(P＜0.05).试验组进展性脑梗死神经功能缺损评分明显低于对照组[进展高峰值:(22±4)vs.(26±6);治疗d20时:(13±8)vs.(18±3),均为P＜0.01].试验组全血高切还原黏度、全血低切还原黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞压积明显低于治疗前(P＜0.05),不良反应轻.结论:三七总苷治疗进展性脑梗死安全有效.     

缺血预适应在老年急性心肌梗死中的临床意义

目的探讨心肌缺血预适应在老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)中的临床意义。方法对124例老年AMI患者,按梗死前48h有无心绞痛分为缺血预适应组(IPC,n=68)、无缺血预适应组(NIPC,n=56),对比两组患者的临床资料。结果IPC组比NIPC组的心肌梗死范围小(P<0.05),血清心肌酶学峰值低(P<0.05),恶性心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性休克、室壁瘤发生率及病死率均明显降低(P<0.05)。结论心肌缺血预适应具有保护心肌、缩小梗死范围,减少并发症及改善老年患者近期预后的作用。     

中医组建卒中单元优势的初步探讨

卒中单元是一种整合医疗,它的组建提高了卒中患者的疗效.笔者通过临床的实践发现中医学在治疗卒中方面与卒中单元有许多共同之处,且存在着一定的优势.笔者认为,应因势利导,在组建卒中单元基础上,发扬中医特色,进一步完善卒中单元.     

Directed sampling for electrolyte analysis and water content of micro-punch samples shows large differences between normal and ischemic rat brain cortex

Changes in sodium, potassium, and water content in brain tissue are important in the progression of pathology that follows ischemic stroke. Determining these parameters regionally in rodent models of experimental ischemia has been limited because typical tissue weights of more than 35 mg are too large. Identifying ischemic tissue to direct tissue sampling towards ischemic cortex is also represents a difficult generally unresolved area. We suggest that larger differences between normal and ischemic cortex of sodium, potassium, and water content than previously observed can be obtained from directed sampling of 2-mg brain tissue in a model of focal cerebral ischemia. In five rats, the middle cerebral artery and both common carotid arteries were occluded for 4.9+/-0.13 h (mean+/-SEM). Punch-sampling of 1-mm diameter tissue cores for water content (H(2)O%) by the wet-dry method, and [Na(+)] and [K(+)] by flame photometry, was guided by the observation of a subtle change in the surface reflectivity of ischemic cortex of quickly dried, 20-microm frozen brain sections, that was confirmed by MAP2 immunohistochemistry. The ratio of the lesion areas as determined by the reflective change and MAP2 immunoreactivity was 0.96+/-0.03 (n=5). In ischemic cortex H(2)O% was 79.9%+/-0.8%, [Na(+)] was 550+/-25 mEq/kg dry-weight, and [K(+)] 94.2+/-19.2 mEq/kg dry-weight (n=5), all significantly different from the values in border zone cortex, and in cortex contralateral to ischemic cortex and border zone (for all samples n=60, mean wet weight 2.037+/-0.046 mg). Differences between ischemic and normal cortex were 5.4+/-1.1%, 317+/-21 mEq/kg dry-weight, -304+/-27 mEq/kg dry-weight (n=5) for H(2)O%, [Na(+)], and [K(+)]. These differences between ischemic and normal cortex are 1.4-2.5, 1-3.11, and 1.4-3.5 times greater, respectively, than previous results obtained using samples weighing 35 mg or more. These results extend the association of sodium and potassium with ischemic brain edema in the rodent model, and show that these classical measurements can keep pace with the regionality of histochemical and morphological methods.