幽门螺杆菌感染与缺血性心脑病的关系探讨

目的：探讨幽门螺杆菌（HP）感染与缺血性心脏病（IHD）的关系以及可能的发病机理。方法：应用酶联免疫法测定IHD组（142例）和对照组（50例）血清特异性HP抗体（HPIgG),用全自动生化仪测定血清TC,TG＜ApoA1,ApoB,Lp(a),HDL-c,LDL-c含量,应用全自动凝血仪测定血中纤维蛋白原浓度（Fbg),化学比色法测定血清中NO和NOS含量。结果：IHD组血清HPIgG阳性率明显高于对照组（65．49％VS28．00％,P＜0．0001）,经多元回归分析显示HP感染与IHD发病呈明显的正相关（P＝0．0004）,HPIgG阳性者的TG,ApoB,NO,NOS含量明显增高（P＜0．05）,TC,Lp(a),LDL-c,Fbg含量有增高趋势。结论：HP感染与IHD的发生有明显的相关性,其可能的发病机理为HP感染改变了脂质代谢和血管的内皮功能来增加发生IHD的危险。     

中风发病后6—9月的生命质量

目的 比较发病后6－9月的中风患者与正常对照的健康差异,以明确针对中风患者的社区卫生服务应着手解决的健康问题。方法 对150例中风后6－9月的患者及按照性别、年龄、居住环境进行1：1配对的正常对照,采用SF－36进行健康自评,比较不同领域的健康状况。结果 患者生命质量在躯体功能、生理性角色功能受限、 社会功能、活力4个领域（P＜0．01）随年龄的增加而降低。男性生命质量在总体健康（P＝0．017）、躯体功能（P＝0．015）、活力和精神健康（P＜0．01）等4个领域好于女性。患者与对照比较,除了疼痛（P＝0．289）领域外,患者生命质量的各个领域均差于对照（P≤0．001）。结论 患者以发病后6－9月时,除了存在严重的躯体功能障碍之外,还有严重的心理、社会功能障碍以及角色功能障碍。其中,精神健康和女性患者是工作重点。     

脑梗死患者脂蛋白氧化水平分析

目的 :了解脑梗死患者血清脂蛋白氧化易感性。　方法 :采用密度梯度超速离心分离 38例脑梗死患者的血清脂蛋白组分 (VL DL、L DL、HDL) ,用 A2 34 nm光吸收鉴定脂蛋白氧化易感性 ,硫代巴比妥酸值 (TBARS)分析脂蛋白脂质过氧化程度 ,并与 40例正常人进行了比较。　结果 :脑梗死患者 VL DL 组分脂质过氧化程度明显高于正常人 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,氧化延滞时间明显缩短 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,L DL 组分脂质过氧化程度高于正常人 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,氧化延滞时间缩短 (P<0 .0 5 )。　结论 :脑梗死患者 VL DL、L DL 组分氧化易感性增加     

Extensor hallucis longus distal tenotomy for spasticity in a patient with interphalangeal joint hyperextension after stroke

BackgroundThe extension deformity of the interphalangeal (IP) joint of the hallux is a rare focal clinical entity usually detected in patients with no underlying pathology. It may be due to extensor hallucis longus (EHL) overactivity, although it has not been previously reported in patients with neurological disorders. The lesion should be differentiated from the persistent hyperextension of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. Although MTP hyperextension of the hallux due to hypertonia of the EHL is a typical sequel of stroke, it has also been detected in a wide variety of disorders.Materials and MethodsA patient with right hemiparesis following stroke, which had an almost complete functional recovery, is presented. She was disabled by focal spasticity of the EHL, leading to persistent hyperextension of the IP joint of the hallux. The deformity appeared on the long-term follow-up, on both sides within a 3-year period. It was treated with bilateral percutaneous distal EHL tenotomy. On the left side, a percutaneous dorsal IP joint capsulotomy was additionally performed.Results and ConclusionA complete reduction of the deformity was achieved on both sides with functional rehabilitation. It is assumed that EHL hyperactivity following stroke in our patient was complicated by IP instead of MTP extension deformity, due to the coexistent flexor hallucis longus weakness. Bilateral distal EHL tenotomy, associated with percutaneous dorsal IP joint capsulotomy on the left side, provided satisfactory long-term results.     

Concentrating stroke care provision in the Czech Republic: The establishment of Stroke Centres in 2011 has led to improved outcomes

This article describes policy processes that have led to the re-organisation of stroke care in the Czech Republic since 2011, which has been part of a broader process of care concentration in several medical fields. Currently, stroke care is provided by 13 Comprehensive and 32 Primary Stroke Centres. The paper explains factors that supported the reform implementation, reviews implications, and discusses future challenges.Mandatory reporting of quality indicators, the introduction of a benchmarking system, integration with pre-hospital emergency care, and the introduction of countrywide patient triage have supported more timely treatment for stroke patients and better quality of care. Data from the Stroke Care Quality Indicators of the Czech Stroke Society show positive trends in many areas: the number of patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis quadrupled in eight years, with 26.4 % of all acute stroke patients receiving thrombolysis in 2018. Czech Republic now ranks third in Europe in the number of thrombolysis per population and second in the number of mechanical thrombectomies per population. The Czech experience provides an example of positive outcomes of concentrated stroke care, while highlighting the importance of proper implementation processes. In particular, it is essential to involve stakeholders and to provide reputational incentives through continuous benchmarking.     

凝血功能改变与COVID-19后发生急性缺血性脑卒中相关

[摘要]　目的　比较感染与未感染2019新型冠状病毒的急性缺血性脑卒中患者的临床特点、炎症指标及凝血功能,探讨新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）后发生急性缺血性脑卒中的作用。方法　采用单中心回顾性研究设计,纳入2022年11月5日至2023年2月5日于我院治疗且完善2019新型冠状病毒核酸检测的急性缺血性脑卒中患者187例,其中合并COVID-19患者75例（COVID-19组）、未发生COVID-19患者112例（无COVID-19组）。分析两组患者的一般临床资料、炎症和凝血功能指标,包括中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原（FIB）等。构建多因素logistic回归方程,分析COVID-19后发生急性缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。结果　COVID-19组的NLR[3.62（2.31,6.71） vs 2.64（1.87,5.04）,P=0.014]、D-二聚体[0.70（0.32,2.27）mg/L vs 0.37（0.27,0.76）mg/L,P=0.001]、FIB[4.21（3.26,5.17）g/L vs 3.25（2.77,3.87）g/L,P<0.001]和淋巴细胞计数[1.40（1.03,1.71）×109/L vs 1.61（1.09,2.21）×109/L,P<0.05]高于无COVID-19组。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,既往脑卒中史（OR =15.430,95% CI=(1.538,19.175),P= 0.009)、D-二聚体（OR =1.425,95% CI=(1.104,1.840),P= 0.007）及FIB（OR =2.405,95% CI=(1.683,3.437),P= 0.001）是COVID-19后发生急性缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。结论　感染COVID-19后急性缺血性卒中患者的炎症和凝血的血清生物标志物升高,COVID-19后缺血性脑卒中的发病与高凝状态相关。     

Intraosseous thrombosis in ischemic necrosis of bone and osteoarthritis

It has been proposed that nontraumatic ischemic necrosis of bone (INB) is a result of lipid associated intraosseous thrombosis. A histological study of 15 patients with INB confirmed the presence of intravascular lipid and thrombosis in the vessels of the femoral head. A similar analysis of 11 patients with primary osteoarthritis (OA) showed similar changes at lower levels. These changes were not observed in seven control femoral heads. The possibility that both INB and OA result from intraosseous thrombosis is discussed.     

大鼠心肌IP第二窗对I/R心肌细胞凋亡的影响及对bcl-2、bcl-xl表达的调节

目的：研究缺血预适应（ＩＰ）第二保护穿对大鼠缺血再灌注（Ｉ／Ｒ）心肌细胞凋亡的影响及戎对调亡抑制基因ｂｃｌ－２、ｂｃｌ－ｘｆｌ蛋白表达的调节。方法：采用ＴＵＮＥＬ法和免疫组化方法。结果：（１）ＩＰ＋ＩＲ２４ｈ组ＴＵＮＥＬ法阳性心肌细胞核数量及阳性心中总心肌细胞核数的百分比均明显少于ＩＲ２４ｈ组（Ｐ〈０．０５－０．０１）;９２）ＩＰ＋ＩＲ２４ｈ组表达ｂｃｌ－２、ｂｃｌ－ｘｌ蛋白阳性的心肌细胞数及阳性     

心肌缺血预适应对急性心肌梗死患者临床及近期预后的影响

目的 对初次急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）发生前４８ｈ有无发作过心绞痛的患者的临床及近期预后进行评价。方法 ７４例初次ＡＭＩ的患者,接受住院常规治疗,按梗死前４８ｈ有无心胶痛分为有ＩＰ组（ｎ－３６）、无ＩＰ组（ｎ＝３８）,两组基本临床情况相似。结果有ＩＰ组较无ＩＰ组心肌梗死范围小（Ｐ〈０．０１）,心肌酶峰值低（Ｐ〈０．０１）,恶性心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性休克发生率及病死率均明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结