首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   3247篇
  免费   122篇
  国内免费   119篇
耳鼻咽喉   13篇
儿科学   176篇
妇产科学   69篇
基础医学   398篇
口腔科学   36篇
临床医学   261篇
内科学   713篇
皮肤病学   11篇
神经病学   197篇
特种医学   151篇
外科学   168篇
综合类   333篇
预防医学   468篇
眼科学   7篇
药学   346篇
中国医学   53篇
肿瘤学   88篇
  2024年   5篇
  2023年   40篇
  2022年   83篇
  2021年   93篇
  2020年   126篇
  2019年   87篇
  2018年   96篇
  2017年   96篇
  2016年   96篇
  2015年   83篇
  2014年   230篇
  2013年   284篇
  2012年   145篇
  2011年   194篇
  2010年   144篇
  2009年   192篇
  2008年   161篇
  2007年   182篇
  2006年   126篇
  2005年   143篇
  2004年   94篇
  2003年   84篇
  2002年   69篇
  2001年   69篇
  2000年   41篇
  1999年   44篇
  1998年   50篇
  1997年   47篇
  1996年   25篇
  1995年   39篇
  1994年   38篇
  1993年   31篇
  1992年   34篇
  1991年   24篇
  1990年   22篇
  1989年   18篇
  1988年   12篇
  1987年   10篇
  1986年   13篇
  1985年   18篇
  1984年   21篇
  1983年   12篇
  1982年   11篇
  1981年   13篇
  1980年   10篇
  1979年   7篇
  1978年   6篇
  1977年   4篇
  1976年   5篇
  1969年   3篇
排序方式: 共有3488条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Introduction: Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an autosomal recessive disorder that occurs in approximately 1 in 200–250 individuals. Mutations in the HFE gene lead to excess iron absorption. Excess iron in the form of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) causes injury and is readily uptaken by cardiomyocytes, pancreatic islet cells, and hepatocytes. Symptoms greatly vary among patients and include fatigue, abdominal pain, arthralgias, impotence, decreased libido, diabetes, and heart failure. Untreated hemochromatosis can lead to chronic liver disease, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Many invasive and noninvasive diagnostic tests are available to aid in diagnosis and treatment. MRI has emerged as the reference standard imaging modality for the detection and quantification of hepatic iron deposition, as ultrasound (US) is unable to detect iron overload and computed tomography (CT) findings are nonspecific and influenced by multiple confounding variables. If caught and treated early, HH disease progression can significantly be altered.

Area covered: The data on Hemochromatosis, iron overload, and MRI were gathered by searching PubMed.

Expert commentary: MRI is a great tool for diagnosis and management of iron overload. It is safe, effective, and a standard protocol should be included in diagnostic algorithms of future treatment guidelines.  相似文献   

52.
Summary Studies of59Fe clearance from the plasma are used for obtaining a quantitative measure of erythropoiesis. However, there are many difficulties associated with a good definition and a valid analysis of the plasma59Fe clearance curve. The low plasma activity, plasma iron variation, and traces of haemolysis are factors which make the measurement of the curve difficult. All these problems were examined in the present work. Liquid scintillation counting allows a more accurate assay of plasma59Fe activity than conventional gamma counting. Plasma iron fluctuations may affect tracer kinetics but adjustment of plasma activity for plasma iron variation (expressing59Fe activity per unit mass of iron) does not appear a satisfactory procedure for overcoming this difficulty. The removal of haemoglobin from plasma samples is a necessary procedure to avoid contamination by [59Fe] haemoglobin. Fitting three exponentials to the plasma59Fe clearance curve does not yield satisfactory results in some cases. A better prediction of the clearance curve in most cases can be obtained by means of a more refined mathematical model.The research was supported by C.N.R. Contract No. 78.00513.86 within the Special Project on Biomedical Engineering.  相似文献   
53.
54.
55.
Increasing evidence indicates that a disturbance of normal iron homeostasis and an amyloid-β (Aβ)-iron interaction may contribute to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas iron chelation could be an effective therapeutic intervention. In the present study, transgenic mice expressing amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 and watered with high-dose iron served as a model of AD. We evaluated the effects of intranasal administration of the high-affinity iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) on Aβ neuropathology and spatial learning and memory deficits created in this AD model. The effects of Fe, DFO, and combined treatments were also evaluated in vitro using SHSY-5Y cells overexpressing the human APP Swedish mutation. In vivo, no significant differences in the brain concentrations of iron, copper, or zinc were found among the treatment groups. We found that high-dose iron (deionized water containing 10 mg/mL FeCl3) administered to transgenic mice increased protein expression and phosphorylation of APP695, enhanced amyloidogenic APP cleavage and Aβ deposition, and impaired spatial learning and memory. Chelation of iron via intranasal administration of DFO (200 mg/kg once every other day for 90 days) inhibited iron-induced amyloidogenic APP processing and reversed behavioral alterations. DFO treatment reduced the expression and phosphorylation of APP protein by shifting the processing of APP to the nonamyloidogenic pathway, and the reduction was accompanied by attenuating the Aβ burden, and then significantly promoted memory retention in APP/PS1 mice. The effects of DFO on iron-induced amyloidogenic APP cleavage were further confirmed in vitro. Collectively, the present data suggest that intranasal DFO treatment may be useful in AD, and amelioration of iron homeostasis is a potential strategy for prevention and treatment of this disease.  相似文献   
56.
β地中海贫血(简称地贫)是由于β珠蛋白基因缺陷导致β珠蛋白肽链合成减少的遗传性溶血性疾病。其病理机制为α/β珠蛋白肽链比例严重失衡,多余的α珠蛋白链沉积形成包涵体,引发红细胞溶血、无效造血以及继发性多组织器官铁超载等。机体铁负荷过重可能导致生长发育停滞、肝硬化、心功能不全等并发症,加重其表型。近年来,随着机体铁代谢相关基因相继被发现,铁代谢在地贫的发生发展过程中的机理逐渐被阐明。研究人员通过改变铁调素、转铁蛋白受体等铁代谢关键基因的表达,揭示了限制红细胞铁应用可改善β地贫无效造血和铁过载的症状,为治疗地贫提供了一个新的途径。本文围绕铁代谢相关基因以及通路在β地贫中的研究进展进行综述。  相似文献   
57.
Iron is an essential element for proper functioning of cells within mammalian organ systems; in particular, iron homeostasis is critical for joint health. Excess iron can induce oxidative stress damage, associated with the pathogenesis of iron-storage and ageing-related diseases. Therefore, iron levels in body tissues and cells must be tightly regulated. In the past decades, excess iron content within joints has been found in some patients with joint diseases including hemophilic arthropathy, hemochromatosis arthropathy, and osteoarthritis (OA). Currently, increased evidence has shown that iron accumulation is closely associated with multiple pathological changes of these arthropathies. This review summarizes system-level and intracellular regulation of iron homeostasis, and emphasizes the role of iron in synovial alterations, cartilage degeneration, and subchondral bone of several arthropathies. Of note, we discuss the potential link between iron homeostasis and OA pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of maintaining iron homeostasis in these arthropathies.  相似文献   
58.
BackgroundIron is closely related to metabolism. However, the relationship between iron and hepatic steatosis has not been fully elucidated.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the triangular relationship between iron and hepatic steatosis and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in patients with obesity.MethodsA total of 297 patients with obesity and 43 healthy individuals with a normal BMI were enrolled. Eighty-two patients underwent LSG. Anthropometrics, glucose-lipid metabolic markers, and hepatic steatosis assessed by FibroScan (CAP value and E value) were measured at baseline, and again at follow-up time intervals of 6 months and 1 year after surgery.Results(1) Iron was significantly higher in patients with obesity or overweight than in the individuals with normal BMI (8.18 ± 1.47 vs. 7.46 ± 0.99 mmol/L, p = 0.002). Iron was also higher in subjects with high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia than non-corresponding disorders (all p < 0.05). Moreover, iron was significantly higher in the severe than mild or moderate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) group (p = 0.046 and 0.018). (2) Iron was positively associated with body weight, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, uric acid, liver enzymes, postprandial blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, free fatty acid, and hepatic steatosis (CAP value), and negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all p < 0.05). Iron was also positively associated with the visceral adipose area in patients with obesity and negatively associated with the subcutaneous adipose area in patients with overweight (all p < 0.05). (3) Iron levels and CAP values were decreased gradually 6 months and 1 year after surgery (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsOverall, our results indicated that iron is associated with hepatic steatosis in obesity. The iron level was significantly higher in patients with severe NAFLD than with mild or moderate NAFLD. LSG may reduce iron levels while improving fat deposition in the liver.  相似文献   
59.
Although the number of studies using tandem high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDCT/autoSCT) for the treatment of high-risk pediatric solid tumors has been increasing, documentation of hematologic recovery after tandem HDCT/autoSCT is very limited. For this reason, we retrospectively analyzed the hematologic recovery of 236 children with high-risk solid tumors who underwent tandem HDCT/autoSCT. The median numbers of CD34+ cells transplanted during the first and second HDCT/autoSCT were 4.3 × 106/kg (range 0.6-220.2) and 4.1 × 106/kg (range 0.9-157.6), respectively (P = 0.664). While there was no difference in neutrophil recovery between the first and second HDCT/autoSCT, platelet and RBC recoveries were significantly delayed in the second HDCT/autoSCT (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Delayed recovery in the second HDCT/autoSCT was more prominent when the number of transplanted CD34+ cells was lower, especially if it was < 2 × 106/kg. A lower CD34+ cell count was also associated with increased RBC transfusion requirements and a higher serum ferritin level after tandem HDCT/autoSCT. More CD34+ cells need to be transplanted during the second HDCT/autoSCT in order to achieve the same hematologic recovery as the first HDCT/autoSCT.  相似文献   
60.
Iron, as the ferrous or ferric ion, is essential for the life processes of all eukaryotes and most prokaryotes; however, the element is toxic when in excess of that needed for cellular homeostasis. Ferrous ions can react with metabolically generated hydrogen peroxide to yield toxic hydroxyl radicals that in turn degrade lipids, DNA, and other cellular biomolecules. Mechanisms have evolved in living systems for iron detoxification and for the removal of excess ferrous ions from the cytosol. These detoxification mechanisms involve the oxidation of excess ferrous ions to the ferric state and storage of the ferric ions in ferritin-like proteins.

There are at least three types of ferritin-like proteins in bacteria: bacterial ferritin, bacterioferritin, and dodecameric ferritin. These bacterial proteins are related to the ferritins found in eukaryotes. The structure and physical characteristics of the ferritin-like compounds have been elucidated in several bacteria. Unfortunately, the physiological roles of the bacterial ferritin-like compounds have been less thoroughly studied. A few studies conducted with mutants indicated that ferritin-like compounds can protect bacterial cells from iron overload, serve as an iron source when iron is limited, protect the bacterial cells against oxidative stress and/or protect DNA against enzymatic or oxidative attack. There is very little information available concerning the roles that ferritin-like compounds might play in the survival of bacteria in food, water, soil, or eukaryotic host environments.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号