甲基强的松龙和地塞米松治疗放射性脑水肿的差异

目的研究甲基强的松龙及地塞米松治疗放射性脑水肿的差异。方法建立大鼠脑胶质瘤模型。实验分组：A组（大剂量甲基强的松龙组）、B组（小剂量甲基强的松龙组）、C组（地塞米松组）、D组（对照组）、E组（空白组）。各组均颅内种植肿瘤，于种植15天后A、B、C、D各组给予C060照射，A、B、C组大鼠照射前后分别给予甲基强的松龙和地塞米松治疗。测量大鼠脑水肿情况。结果治疗后，与其他各组比较，D组大鼠脑组织含水率最高，E组最低（P〈0．05）；C组大鼠脑组织含水率明显高于A、B两组（P〈0．05）；但A、B两组间无显著性差异（P〉O．05）。结论甲基强的松龙和地塞米松都可以有效防治放射性脑水肿，且甲基强的松龙比地塞米松疗效更好。     

Renal growth and function 11–28 years after treatment of Wilms' tumour

In order to obtain more information on the long-term effects of treatment of Wilm's tumour we investigated 30 subjects treated at the Children's Hospital between 1960 and 1976. All had been nephrectomized and in 4 the length of the remaining kidney was subnormal. In the other subjects kidney length was related to follow up time and age at follow up. Blood pressure was elevated in 5 subjects. Urinary albumin excretion deviated only slightly from normal. Tubular functions were well preserved in all subjects. In this small series we were unable to establish any relation between the abnormalities observed and the treatment given. Our results suggest that, despite wide interindividual variation those who survive Wilm's tumours seldom have long-term renal complications.     

An Autopsy Case of Peritoneal Malignant Mesothelioma in a Radiation Technologist

A case of peritoneal maligant mesothelioma in a radiation technologist, who had worked in this field for 34 years, is reported. Histopathologically, a biopsy specimen from the retroperitoneal tumor revealed a biphasic type of malignant mesothelioma. Electron microscopy disclosed that the tumor cells contained prominent microvilli, basal laminae adjacent to the stroma, junctional complexes, desmosomes, tonofilaments, clusters of glycogen granules, welt developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), confronting cisternae showing direct continuity with the RER and membrane-bound granules suggestive of secretory activity. No increased amount of asbestos was detected in autopsied lung material or the peritoneal mesothelioma. The estimated cumulative dose of occupational irradiation was calculated to be about 40 to 50 rad at most. Irradiation was discussed in relation to the etiology of the peritoneal mosothelioma. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 57–62, 1990.     

放射损伤对于移植的骨髓间充质干细胞在受体大鼠不同器官中植入的影响

目的： 探讨放射损伤对于骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）移植后在受体大鼠不同器官中植入的影响以及可能的机制。方法：采用DNA缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测正常对照组和单纯放射组大鼠心脏、肾脏、肝脏、肺脏的细胞凋亡率。应用密度梯度离心法结合贴壁法提取雄性大鼠骨髓MSCs，培养后把MSCs移植到［60COγ］照射和未经照射的雌性大鼠体内，通过PCR和Y染色体荧光原位杂交（Y- FISH）示踪雄性大鼠MSCs在雌性大鼠体内的分布情况。结果：照射后大鼠心脏、肾脏、肝脏、肺脏细胞凋亡率显著高于对照组。PCR结果显示照射后移植MSCs的大鼠心脏、肾脏、肝脏、肺脏和外周血中可以扩增出Sry基因的DNA序列，而且Y- FISH显示照射后移植MSCs的大鼠在心脏、肾脏、肝脏、肺脏中可发现Y染色体阳性的细胞。但是未经照射行MSCs移植的大鼠在上述器官中未发现Y染色体阳性的细胞。结论：全身放射促进组织细胞的凋亡，并导致移植的MSCs在受体大鼠心脏、肾脏、肝脏和肺脏的植入。     

毫米波辐射对植入前小鼠胚胎及早期胚胎的影响

本文报道小鼠受精卵体外及在体受毫米波辐照后一些改变。毫米波源为36.11GHz固态微波连续发生器,波长8mm,功率密度为10mW/cm~2、8mW/cm~2、4mW/cm~2及2mW/cm~2。结果发现2-4mW/cm~2毫米波辐照即可使体外培养之受精卵细胞表面微绒毛减少、脱落,细胞表面形成许多囊泡。透射电镜下可见细胞间隙扩大、胞浆中线粒体膨胀、空化,用FITC-ConA试验可见细胞表面结合荧光减少。酶试验证明辐照后卵胚细胞表面AKP,ATPase,5′-Nase均有降低。在体受精卵细胞经辐射后证明,辐射可使胎儿体重增长减慢,囊胚形成数量下降,植入率降低,而表面酶下降不明显。     

蝎毒多肽对辐射损伤小鼠骨髓造血干细胞及祖细胞的作用

目的探讨不同蝎毒多肽(scorpion venom peptide,SVP)组分对辐射后机体造血干细胞及祖细胞恢复的作用。方法6.0GyX射线一次性全身照射,制作辐射损伤小鼠模型。内源性脾结节法观察照射后第10天脾集落形成单位(CFU-S)的变化。用甲基纤维素半固体培养基培养骨髓混合集落生成单位(CFU-Mix),观察体内外给药方法及照射后不同时间对CFU-Mix生成的影响。结果(1)体内实验:SVPⅣ组分处理后的CFU-S数明显高于照射对照组(P<0.05);SVPⅤ组分CFU-S数量与照射对照组差异无统计学意义。照射后各SVP组CFU-Mix的数量均高于照射对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)体外实验:与照射对照组相比,体外分别单独加入SVPⅣ、Ⅴ组分以及细胞因子(IL-6和SCF)均能够促进CFU-Mix的增殖;而SVPⅣ、Ⅴ组分分别与细胞因子联合应用对CFU-Mix生成的促进作用更为明显,其中Ⅳ组分效果更强,与照射对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论SVP具有保护辐射损伤小鼠造血干细胞及祖细胞,加速其增殖能力恢复的作用。     

Upregulation of VEGF and FGF2 in normal rat brain after experimental intraoperative radiation therapy

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)2 in the irradiated brain was examined to test how a single high dose radiation, similar to that used for intraoperative radiation therapy given to the normal cerebrum, can affect the vascular endothelium. After a burr hole trephination in the rat skull, the cerebral hemisphere was exposed to a single 10 Gy dose of gamma rays, and the radiation effect was assessed at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after irradiation. Histological changes, such as reactive gliosis, inflammation, vascular proliferation and necrosis, were correlated with the duration after irradiation. Significant VEGF and FGF2 expression in the 2- and 8-week were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay quantification in the radiation group. Immunohistochemical study for VEGF was done and the number of positive cells gradually increased over time, compared with the sham operation group. In conclusion, the radiation injuries consisted of radiation necrosis associated with the expression of VEGF and FGF2. These findings indicate that VEGF and FGF2 may play a role in the radiation injuries after intraoperative single high-dose irradiation.     

近场射频辐射条件下大白鼠共振吸收频率的研究

在Ｅ极化、辐射电平１ｍｗ／ｃｍ２条件下，在４０．６８ＭＨｚ～４ＧＨｚ频段内６个频率点上，利用红外热图术观察了６０只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ成年大白鼠，连续辐射１ｈ后，体表及各部位体表温度变化。结果表明，体表温度与肛温变化有很好的一致性，并在１．５ＧＨｚ有最大值。它表明在该频率下，实验鼠吸收射频能量最大，表现出明显的谐振吸引特性。     

Radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer: eleven year experience at the JCRT

Radiation therapy (XRT) for 41 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer resulted in a median survival of 7.0 months. There was no difference in median survival for patients receiving external beam alone (3500 to 5600 cGy) (n = 28), intraoperative (IORT) boost plus external beam (5040 to 6750 cGy) (n = 9), or a gold-198 implant +/- external beam radiation (n = 4). A pilot study using orthovoltage IORT boost indicates no acute toxicity with doses of 1250 to 1750 cGy. Serious late damage has not been observed in any patients followed to 2 years. Local recurrence in patients treated post-operatively after "radical" surgery occurred in one of 10 (10%). This adjuvant treatment is safe and appears to improve local control rates compared to historical data, but survival is still poor. The median survival for the post-operative group is 10 months; three patients are alive without disease 8 months to 8.3 years after treatment.     

The influence of radiation therapy on T-lymphocyte subpopulations defined by monoclonal antibodies

We studied the influence of radiation therapy on lymphocyte subpopulations in 17 patients undergoing adjuvant radiation therapy for primary breast cancer, and eight patients receiving brachytherapy and external beam irradiation for primary cancer of the uterus. Radiation therapy reduced B- and T-lymphocytes in proportion to the total lymphocyte population so that their percentages remained unchanged. Determination of helper and suppressor T-lymphocytes before, during and 6 months after completion of radiotherapy revealed that in both groups of patients suppressor T-lymphocytes were more resistant to and recovered faster after radiotherapy. This resulted in a decline of the "immunoregulatory balance" (helper/suppressor ratio). Although this ratio had been higher in both groups of patients than in healthy age- and sex-matched controls before therapy, it became normal and subnormal during and after radiotherapy. The clinical significance of the differential influence of radiotherapy on T-lymphocyte subpopulations remains to be determined.